The original source for that schematic, copied into the book you have mentioned, appears to be the MB1136 schematic for the ST Microelectronics Nucleo-64 STM32 development boards.
The reference designator "SB" = solder bridge. They are used for manually reconfiguring some functionality of the board.
The words "circuit breaker" you found in that BOM appear to be a mistranslation. A solder bridge can be used to break a circuit (i.e. a PCB track), but it's not a circuit-breaker, nor a self-resetting fuse.
Here is part of a page from STM32 User Manual UM1724, which is the user manual for the Nucleo-64 boards. It shows a list of the solder bridge assignments and functionality:
You can download the UM1724 PDF for the full list of solder bridges, if you need that.
FYI here the main ST Microelectronics STM32 Nucleo-64 product page. There is lots of useful info, especially using the "Documentation" (contains links to user manuals and other documents) and "CAD Resources" tabs (contains links to the schematics and Gerber files).
FYI for future readers: The Nucleo-64 boards which I've seen were manufactured with 0 ohm jumpers across SB pads, when that solder bridge is configured "closed" by default (this allows automated manufacturing and avoids a manual production step of soldering the required SB pads). The 0 ohm resistor can be removed to "open" that SB, when advised to do that in the user manual. That is discussed in this previous question:
Remove 0 Ohm resistor (solder bridge jumper) There is a pair of solder pads underneath which can be shorted again in future with a blob of solder, if needed.