In this article, I recontextualize Weber’s ideal type in the philosophy of natural science and ec... more In this article, I recontextualize Weber’s ideal type in the philosophy of natural science and economics in terms of idealization. The goal is to promote the appreciation of this methodology in contemporary social science and improve upon some Weberians’ underdeveloped interpretations. Drawing on Weber’s methodological writing and study of the Protestant ethic, I argue that the philosophy of idealization and Weber’s ideal type share methodological characteristics: both support the selection of a research topic by isolating a particular component of reality and then constructing an imagination based on empirical materials and thought experimentation. By using the imagination as a benchmark, investigators counterfactually and contrastively explain why a particular case was observed as it was, as opposed to other possible outcomes.
Sun, Yufan. 2024. "Recontextualizing Max Weber's Ideal Type: Lessons from Idealization in the Philosophy of Natural Science and Economics." Innovation in the Social Sciences 2(2):194-234.
借鉴其他学科资源，重建知识边界，是当下社会学理论研究的重要趋势。然而，社会学理论对它所批评的学科领域有偏见，进而固步自封，忽视了这些被批评的领域也在分化与发展。故而，如何重新接纳这些被批评的学科... more 借鉴其他学科资源，重建知识边界，是当下社会学理论研究的重要趋势。然而，社会学理论对它所批评的学科领域有偏见，进而固步自封，忽视了这些被批评的领域也在分化与发展。故而，如何重新接纳这些被批评的学科领域成为跨学科的社会学理论研究的关键问题。为此，我以哲学认识论与政治理论研究为例，指出社会学家之所以拒绝这两大领域是因为其理想化论证的特点。但是，鉴于这两大领域已经发展出更关注现实世界的社会认识论与民族志敏感性政治理论，社会学家对其的刻板印象也应予调整。我以弗里克的《认知的不正义》和扎卡的《当国家遇上街头》两本近年的著作及其后续影响力作为两大领域前沿发展代表，既重建其中与社会学相似或有差异的论证结构，也指出这些论证对社会学近年发展的启发与帮助。最后，我以探索的方式结尾，指出行为经济学、演化生物学、认知心理学等多个领域的最新发展都值得社会学理论与其继续建立跨学科对话。
孙宇凡，跨越学科的边界：2023年社会学理论研究趋势，清华社会学评论，2024年第21期
Abstract: How can we draw on non-sociological resources and reshape disciplinary boundaries? This question is a current trend in sociological theory research. However, sociological theorists often maintain biases towards certain disciplines they have critiqued, leading to a defense of disciplinary boundaries. A further question arises: how can we reintroduce these previously rejected disciplines and fields? In this article, I argue that sociological theorists need to revise their perceptions of philosophical epistemology and political theory, given the transformation of these fields through the development of social epistemology and political theory with an ethnographical sensibility. To understand the forefront of development, I primarily examine Miranda Fricker’s Epistemic Injustice and Bernardo Zacka’s When the State Meets the Street, reconstructing their arguments and assessing their impact in comparison with sociological theories. Specifically, I highlight how these arguments and their influences are enlightening and beneficial for contemporary sociology. Finally, I propose a suggestive list for the transdisciplinary exploration of sociological theories, considering behavioral economics, evolutionary biology, and cognitive psychology.
Keywords: transdisciplinarity; sociological theory; grounded normative theory; social epistemology
Sun, Yufan. 2024. "Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries: Trends in Sociological Theory Research in 2023." Tsinghua Sociological Review (21): 174-217.
社会学理论研究的共识， 往往在于以人别人物思想史为研究对象、运用文本解读方式，并强调对社会的批判诊断。然而，以2022年社会学界的理论研究成果及其相关的近年发展趋势来看，这三点共识都有所松动。本... more 社会学理论研究的共识， 往往在于以人别人物思想史为研究对象、运用文本解读方式，并强调对社会的批判诊断。然而，以2022年社会学界的理论研究成果及其相关的近年发展趋势来看，这三点共识都有所松动。本文提出以下综述与观点，包括三个方面：一是迈向量化的社会理论史研究：社会学家开始运用科学计量学的工具，关注社会学人物思想的集体传记，既能回答传统的“经典化”等议题，又开拓了精英传承等新问题视角。二是迈向认知实践的社会理论研究：社会学家开始超越将理论作为文本成果，转向探索理论家如何运用抽象、隐喻等认知工具进行“做理论”及其教学实践，从而打开理论文本如何形成的“黑匣子”。三是迈向规范评估的社会学批判。通过打破批判与规范的二分法，社会学理论家不再只满意于问题诊断层面，也积极参与提供社会变革的规范方案以及总结社会行动者从第一人称视角给出的评估。
自20世纪80年代以来，消费社会学成长迅速，发展多元，尤其体现结构、文化与日常实践三大取向。本文综述的出发点是三大取向各自的代表作——布尔迪厄的《区分》、坎贝尔的《浪漫伦理与现代消费主义精神》和... more 自20世纪80年代以来，消费社会学成长迅速，发展多元，尤其体现结构、文化与日常实践三大取向。本文综述的出发点是三大取向各自的代表作——布尔迪厄的《区分》、坎贝尔的《浪漫伦理与现代消费主义精神》和泽利泽的多本专著。通过总结布尔迪厄的品味区分命题、坎贝尔的享乐欲望命题和泽利泽的亲密关系命题，本文综述后续学界如何对围绕这三个命题进行理论与经验的同步重建。
Week 1
Max Weber: Bureaucracy
Week 2
Karl Marx: Communism
Week 3
Emile Durkheim: Social Fact a... more Week 1 Max Weber: Bureaucracy Week 2 Karl Marx: Communism Week 3 Emile Durkheim: Social Fact and Its Explanation Week 4 Talcott Parsons: Structural Functionalism and Theoretical Progression Week 5 George Mead: Symbolic Interactionism Week 6 Pierre Bourdieu: Symbolic Interactions in Structural Functionalism？ Week 7 Anthony Giddens: Structural Function in Symbolic Interactionism？ Week 8 Jürgen Habermas: Society-must-be-defended in the Unfinished Project of Modernity
微信公众号《sociological理论大缸》（ID: sociological-theory）目录
2016.7-present
˙An online publication combine... more 微信公众号《sociological理论大缸》（ID: sociological-theory）目录
2016.7-present ˙An online publication combined the orientations between Contexts (a magazine of the American Sociological Association) and Understanding Society (Daniel Little’s academic blog) ˙The first and one of the biggest online academic magazine focusing on sociological theory in China. ˙300+ issues; 18, 000+subscribers; 500,000+visitors. ˙I contribute 70%+ essays making thought-provoking social theories accessible to academic researchers and general readers.
孫宇凡，2018，把歷史學帶回來：歷史社會學的跨學科視角與策略，社會理論學報，秋季刊，第379-401頁
Yufan Sun, 2018, Bringing the Discipline of... more 孫宇凡，2018，把歷史學帶回來：歷史社會學的跨學科視角與策略，社會理論學報，秋季刊，第379-401頁
Yufan Sun, 2018, Bringing the Discipline of History Back in: The Trans-disciplinary Imagination and Strategy of Historical Sociology, Journal of Social Theory, Autumn, pp.379-401.
Although the centrality of hermeneutic rules in Jonathan Spence’s writing style, it remains theoretically under-scrutinized, partly because scholars mainly focus on the apparent problem of Spence’s disciplinary identity(historian or novelist). To fill this void, this article begins by discussing Spence’s textual and contextual problems, and points out that Spence follows the fiction tradition in Sinology, appreciating a layered structure (the observed, the observed observer, the observer), rather than the intervention tradition. Drawing on Ping Shu’s and Ping-keung Lui’s theories of personal pronouns, this article stretches out that Spence constructs himself as the observed observer and makes the hypothesis testing about relations between the course of actions and sequences of actions. The schema is illustrated by the explanations of Spence’s two books, Emperor of China: Self Portrait of K’ang Hsi and The Death of Woman Wang.
与社会科学研究中的“机制”概念不同,政府文本中的“机制”一词有两方面所指:策略性自我重组和体制内地方异质化。本文一方面指出近年来政府运作中对政府所用的“机制”词汇的隐含性接受及其未加反思的情况,... more 与社会科学研究中的“机制”概念不同,政府文本中的“机制”一词有两方面所指:策略性自我重组和体制内地方异质化。本文一方面指出近年来政府运作中对政府所用的“机制”词汇的隐含性接受及其未加反思的情况,另一方面以我国政府文本材料为依据,分析“机制”一词的涌现扩散现象及其应用性特征。同时,本文以一位官员自述解释为例,提出政府词汇的“机制”既是部分地区将自身异质化,使之与同处体制内的其他地区有所不同的一种方式,也是本级政府的工作部门按一定方向的加以特殊设计而开展的内部分工与组合的过程。这两种所指可以进一步回到理论脉络,指向“破碎的威权主义”的再生产与转型,对于理解政策试验及其研究具有启发性。
As a terminology in government documents ， ‘mechanism’is defined as a scheduled selfreorganization and a heterogenization of the local administration in a system. It is different from the definition of the‘mechanism’in social science. Meanwhile， recent researches on government operations do not clarify the differences between the‘mechanism’as a government document term and an academic concept. To elaborating the new concept， this article aims to analyze the emerging and expanding processes of the‘mechanism’in official documents. Based on the analysis of one government official's explanations， this article argues that‘mechanism’refers to the reproduction and the transformation of the‘fragmented authoritarianism’ ， which can be a new resource of the study of policy experiments. These historical and theoretical examinations in detail could provide a better understanding of indigenous sociology， focusing on organizational fields and their discursive knowledge.
对于赵鼎新提出的以绩效正当性主导对天命观的解释，本文认为：（1）其论述在正当性理论上与韦伯的论述能够兼容而非冲突。其中，绩效或效力是正当性的普遍基础。（2）经由四因说，认为“目的因+质料因”的绩... more 对于赵鼎新提出的以绩效正当性主导对天命观的解释，本文认为：（1）其论述在正当性理论上与韦伯的论述能够兼容而非冲突。其中，绩效或效力是正当性的普遍基础。（2）经由四因说，认为“目的因+质料因”的绩效正当性无法保持理论的融贯性，需要再补充“形式因”，以转变为意识形正当性。（3）以明清易代为例，说明在意识形态正当性解释下，在天命观与正统观联接的情况下，统治者与统治班子之间命令—服从关系所展现的、具有事件时间性的过程。
This article attempts to assess Dingxin Zhao’s theory of performance legitimacy and its empirical groundings,namely, the mandate of heaven in Chinese history. It begins by reconciling Zhao’s framework and Weber’s legitimacy theory before arguing that the performance or validity is the common foundation of legitimacy. This article also submits Zhao’s view fails to sustain the coherence theoretically, because the performance legitimacy as the final and material cause from the perspective of Aristotle’s four-causes theory. However, to explain the changing process of the mandate-of-heaven-cum-orthodoxy in Chinese history, the ideological legitimacy as a set of the final cause, the material cause and the formal cause, is eminently useful. Under this guideline, this article explains the Ming-Qing transition with eventful temporality, namely, interactions between the ruler and the staffs, relationships between the commands the obediences, interconnections between the mandate of heaven and the orthodoxy.
成伯清基於社會結構、傳記和歷史的“社會學的想象力” 維度三分法，認為現代性時代背景所導致的社會學反時間傾向，需要通過敘事的策略來加以扭轉。不同于此，本文認為可以再引入世代和行動歷程維度，來進一步... more 成伯清基於社會結構、傳記和歷史的“社會學的想象力” 維度三分法，認為現代性時代背景所導致的社會學反時間傾向，需要通過敘事的策略來加以扭轉。不同于此，本文認為可以再引入世代和行動歷程維度，來進一步認清基於社會學自身知識增長帶來的反思物理時間和邁向主體時間的傾向。而以敘事作為表徵策略的必要性，需要立足於以假設檢驗為核心的士多噶因果性。為澄清這種因果性，文章進一步以史景遷的兩本著作為案例加以說明。
From the perspective of the three dimensions (social structure, biography and history) of the “sociological imagination”, Cheng Boqing argues that it is necessary to recognize the importance of the narrative-based approach in the anti-diachronic trend study, which results from the modernity background. In contrast, this article attempts to reconstruct the “sociological imagination” by adding the two dimensions, the generation and the course of action, which lead to the reflection of physical time and the identity of subjective time based on knowledge growths. To understand the necessity of the narrative-based approach, this article aims to that its Stoic causality with the hypothesis-testing implication. At last, I make the causality empirically by analyzing Jonathan Spence’s two books.
In this article, I recontextualize Weber’s ideal type in the philosophy of natural science and ec... more In this article, I recontextualize Weber’s ideal type in the philosophy of natural science and economics in terms of idealization. The goal is to promote the appreciation of this methodology in contemporary social science and improve upon some Weberians’ underdeveloped interpretations. Drawing on Weber’s methodological writing and study of the Protestant ethic, I argue that the philosophy of idealization and Weber’s ideal type share methodological characteristics: both support the selection of a research topic by isolating a particular component of reality and then constructing an imagination based on empirical materials and thought experimentation. By using the imagination as a benchmark, investigators counterfactually and contrastively explain why a particular case was observed as it was, as opposed to other possible outcomes.
Sun, Yufan. 2024. "Recontextualizing Max Weber's Ideal Type: Lessons from Idealization in the Philosophy of Natural Science and Economics." Innovation in the Social Sciences 2(2):194-234.
借鉴其他学科资源，重建知识边界，是当下社会学理论研究的重要趋势。然而，社会学理论对它所批评的学科领域有偏见，进而固步自封，忽视了这些被批评的领域也在分化与发展。故而，如何重新接纳这些被批评的学科... more 借鉴其他学科资源，重建知识边界，是当下社会学理论研究的重要趋势。然而，社会学理论对它所批评的学科领域有偏见，进而固步自封，忽视了这些被批评的领域也在分化与发展。故而，如何重新接纳这些被批评的学科领域成为跨学科的社会学理论研究的关键问题。为此，我以哲学认识论与政治理论研究为例，指出社会学家之所以拒绝这两大领域是因为其理想化论证的特点。但是，鉴于这两大领域已经发展出更关注现实世界的社会认识论与民族志敏感性政治理论，社会学家对其的刻板印象也应予调整。我以弗里克的《认知的不正义》和扎卡的《当国家遇上街头》两本近年的著作及其后续影响力作为两大领域前沿发展代表，既重建其中与社会学相似或有差异的论证结构，也指出这些论证对社会学近年发展的启发与帮助。最后，我以探索的方式结尾，指出行为经济学、演化生物学、认知心理学等多个领域的最新发展都值得社会学理论与其继续建立跨学科对话。
孙宇凡，跨越学科的边界：2023年社会学理论研究趋势，清华社会学评论，2024年第21期
Abstract: How can we draw on non-sociological resources and reshape disciplinary boundaries? This question is a current trend in sociological theory research. However, sociological theorists often maintain biases towards certain disciplines they have critiqued, leading to a defense of disciplinary boundaries. A further question arises: how can we reintroduce these previously rejected disciplines and fields? In this article, I argue that sociological theorists need to revise their perceptions of philosophical epistemology and political theory, given the transformation of these fields through the development of social epistemology and political theory with an ethnographical sensibility. To understand the forefront of development, I primarily examine Miranda Fricker’s Epistemic Injustice and Bernardo Zacka’s When the State Meets the Street, reconstructing their arguments and assessing their impact in comparison with sociological theories. Specifically, I highlight how these arguments and their influences are enlightening and beneficial for contemporary sociology. Finally, I propose a suggestive list for the transdisciplinary exploration of sociological theories, considering behavioral economics, evolutionary biology, and cognitive psychology.
Keywords: transdisciplinarity; sociological theory; grounded normative theory; social epistemology
Sun, Yufan. 2024. "Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries: Trends in Sociological Theory Research in 2023." Tsinghua Sociological Review (21): 174-217.
社会学理论研究的共识， 往往在于以人别人物思想史为研究对象、运用文本解读方式，并强调对社会的批判诊断。然而，以2022年社会学界的理论研究成果及其相关的近年发展趋势来看，这三点共识都有所松动。本... more 社会学理论研究的共识， 往往在于以人别人物思想史为研究对象、运用文本解读方式，并强调对社会的批判诊断。然而，以2022年社会学界的理论研究成果及其相关的近年发展趋势来看，这三点共识都有所松动。本文提出以下综述与观点，包括三个方面：一是迈向量化的社会理论史研究：社会学家开始运用科学计量学的工具，关注社会学人物思想的集体传记，既能回答传统的“经典化”等议题，又开拓了精英传承等新问题视角。二是迈向认知实践的社会理论研究：社会学家开始超越将理论作为文本成果，转向探索理论家如何运用抽象、隐喻等认知工具进行“做理论”及其教学实践，从而打开理论文本如何形成的“黑匣子”。三是迈向规范评估的社会学批判。通过打破批判与规范的二分法，社会学理论家不再只满意于问题诊断层面，也积极参与提供社会变革的规范方案以及总结社会行动者从第一人称视角给出的评估。
自20世纪80年代以来，消费社会学成长迅速，发展多元，尤其体现结构、文化与日常实践三大取向。本文综述的出发点是三大取向各自的代表作——布尔迪厄的《区分》、坎贝尔的《浪漫伦理与现代消费主义精神》和... more 自20世纪80年代以来，消费社会学成长迅速，发展多元，尤其体现结构、文化与日常实践三大取向。本文综述的出发点是三大取向各自的代表作——布尔迪厄的《区分》、坎贝尔的《浪漫伦理与现代消费主义精神》和泽利泽的多本专著。通过总结布尔迪厄的品味区分命题、坎贝尔的享乐欲望命题和泽利泽的亲密关系命题，本文综述后续学界如何对围绕这三个命题进行理论与经验的同步重建。
Week 1
Max Weber: Bureaucracy
Week 2
Karl Marx: Communism
Week 3
Emile Durkheim: Social Fact a... more Week 1 Max Weber: Bureaucracy Week 2 Karl Marx: Communism Week 3 Emile Durkheim: Social Fact and Its Explanation Week 4 Talcott Parsons: Structural Functionalism and Theoretical Progression Week 5 George Mead: Symbolic Interactionism Week 6 Pierre Bourdieu: Symbolic Interactions in Structural Functionalism？ Week 7 Anthony Giddens: Structural Function in Symbolic Interactionism？ Week 8 Jürgen Habermas: Society-must-be-defended in the Unfinished Project of Modernity
微信公众号《sociological理论大缸》（ID: sociological-theory）目录
2016.7-present
˙An online publication combine... more 微信公众号《sociological理论大缸》（ID: sociological-theory）目录
2016.7-present ˙An online publication combined the orientations between Contexts (a magazine of the American Sociological Association) and Understanding Society (Daniel Little’s academic blog) ˙The first and one of the biggest online academic magazine focusing on sociological theory in China. ˙300+ issues; 18, 000+subscribers; 500,000+visitors. ˙I contribute 70%+ essays making thought-provoking social theories accessible to academic researchers and general readers.
孫宇凡，2018，把歷史學帶回來：歷史社會學的跨學科視角與策略，社會理論學報，秋季刊，第379-401頁
Yufan Sun, 2018, Bringing the Discipline of... more 孫宇凡，2018，把歷史學帶回來：歷史社會學的跨學科視角與策略，社會理論學報，秋季刊，第379-401頁
Yufan Sun, 2018, Bringing the Discipline of History Back in: The Trans-disciplinary Imagination and Strategy of Historical Sociology, Journal of Social Theory, Autumn, pp.379-401.
Although the centrality of hermeneutic rules in Jonathan Spence’s writing style, it remains theoretically under-scrutinized, partly because scholars mainly focus on the apparent problem of Spence’s disciplinary identity(historian or novelist). To fill this void, this article begins by discussing Spence’s textual and contextual problems, and points out that Spence follows the fiction tradition in Sinology, appreciating a layered structure (the observed, the observed observer, the observer), rather than the intervention tradition. Drawing on Ping Shu’s and Ping-keung Lui’s theories of personal pronouns, this article stretches out that Spence constructs himself as the observed observer and makes the hypothesis testing about relations between the course of actions and sequences of actions. The schema is illustrated by the explanations of Spence’s two books, Emperor of China: Self Portrait of K’ang Hsi and The Death of Woman Wang.
与社会科学研究中的“机制”概念不同,政府文本中的“机制”一词有两方面所指:策略性自我重组和体制内地方异质化。本文一方面指出近年来政府运作中对政府所用的“机制”词汇的隐含性接受及其未加反思的情况,... more 与社会科学研究中的“机制”概念不同,政府文本中的“机制”一词有两方面所指:策略性自我重组和体制内地方异质化。本文一方面指出近年来政府运作中对政府所用的“机制”词汇的隐含性接受及其未加反思的情况,另一方面以我国政府文本材料为依据,分析“机制”一词的涌现扩散现象及其应用性特征。同时,本文以一位官员自述解释为例,提出政府词汇的“机制”既是部分地区将自身异质化,使之与同处体制内的其他地区有所不同的一种方式,也是本级政府的工作部门按一定方向的加以特殊设计而开展的内部分工与组合的过程。这两种所指可以进一步回到理论脉络,指向“破碎的威权主义”的再生产与转型,对于理解政策试验及其研究具有启发性。
As a terminology in government documents ， ‘mechanism’is defined as a scheduled selfreorganization and a heterogenization of the local administration in a system. It is different from the definition of the‘mechanism’in social science. Meanwhile， recent researches on government operations do not clarify the differences between the‘mechanism’as a government document term and an academic concept. To elaborating the new concept， this article aims to analyze the emerging and expanding processes of the‘mechanism’in official documents. Based on the analysis of one government official's explanations， this article argues that‘mechanism’refers to the reproduction and the transformation of the‘fragmented authoritarianism’ ， which can be a new resource of the study of policy experiments. These historical and theoretical examinations in detail could provide a better understanding of indigenous sociology， focusing on organizational fields and their discursive knowledge.
对于赵鼎新提出的以绩效正当性主导对天命观的解释，本文认为：（1）其论述在正当性理论上与韦伯的论述能够兼容而非冲突。其中，绩效或效力是正当性的普遍基础。（2）经由四因说，认为“目的因+质料因”的绩... more 对于赵鼎新提出的以绩效正当性主导对天命观的解释，本文认为：（1）其论述在正当性理论上与韦伯的论述能够兼容而非冲突。其中，绩效或效力是正当性的普遍基础。（2）经由四因说，认为“目的因+质料因”的绩效正当性无法保持理论的融贯性，需要再补充“形式因”，以转变为意识形正当性。（3）以明清易代为例，说明在意识形态正当性解释下，在天命观与正统观联接的情况下，统治者与统治班子之间命令—服从关系所展现的、具有事件时间性的过程。
This article attempts to assess Dingxin Zhao’s theory of performance legitimacy and its empirical groundings,namely, the mandate of heaven in Chinese history. It begins by reconciling Zhao’s framework and Weber’s legitimacy theory before arguing that the performance or validity is the common foundation of legitimacy. This article also submits Zhao’s view fails to sustain the coherence theoretically, because the performance legitimacy as the final and material cause from the perspective of Aristotle’s four-causes theory. However, to explain the changing process of the mandate-of-heaven-cum-orthodoxy in Chinese history, the ideological legitimacy as a set of the final cause, the material cause and the formal cause, is eminently useful. Under this guideline, this article explains the Ming-Qing transition with eventful temporality, namely, interactions between the ruler and the staffs, relationships between the commands the obediences, interconnections between the mandate of heaven and the orthodoxy.
成伯清基於社會結構、傳記和歷史的“社會學的想象力” 維度三分法，認為現代性時代背景所導致的社會學反時間傾向，需要通過敘事的策略來加以扭轉。不同于此，本文認為可以再引入世代和行動歷程維度，來進一步... more 成伯清基於社會結構、傳記和歷史的“社會學的想象力” 維度三分法，認為現代性時代背景所導致的社會學反時間傾向，需要通過敘事的策略來加以扭轉。不同于此，本文認為可以再引入世代和行動歷程維度，來進一步認清基於社會學自身知識增長帶來的反思物理時間和邁向主體時間的傾向。而以敘事作為表徵策略的必要性，需要立足於以假設檢驗為核心的士多噶因果性。為澄清這種因果性，文章進一步以史景遷的兩本著作為案例加以說明。
From the perspective of the three dimensions (social structure, biography and history) of the “sociological imagination”, Cheng Boqing argues that it is necessary to recognize the importance of the narrative-based approach in the anti-diachronic trend study, which results from the modernity background. In contrast, this article attempts to reconstruct the “sociological imagination” by adding the two dimensions, the generation and the course of action, which lead to the reflection of physical time and the identity of subjective time based on knowledge growths. To understand the necessity of the narrative-based approach, this article aims to that its Stoic causality with the hypothesis-testing implication. At last, I make the causality empirically by analyzing Jonathan Spence’s two books.
葉啟政與呂炳強的本土社會學分別呈現出「四兩撥千斤」與「鐵磨鐵」的差異風格。並且，由於兩種理論對社會學之科學性的否定或支持的立場而看似各為一極。但是，在描繪葉啟政式社會學的歷史—文化背景論述、超克... more 葉啟政與呂炳強的本土社會學分別呈現出「四兩撥千斤」與「鐵磨鐵」的差異風格。並且，由於兩種理論對社會學之科學性的否定或支持的立場而看似各為一極。但是，在描繪葉啟政式社會學的歷史—文化背景論述、超克人式哲學人類學、虛空孕生存在論、表徵認識論、想像—感受方法論五個層次的理論圖景，以及呂炳強式社會學的存在論、實在論與詮釋論的三個層次的理論系統之基礎上，又可以在對照反思出共通之處，並於差別處相得益彰，使二者在本土化立場上得以並接，補充呂炳強式社會學的哲學人類學層次，雙雙互補形成豐富的「過程—事體」式存在論，激發轉化出葉啟政式社會學的實在論與因果性說明，以及展現將「結構—行動」困境化解為「行動—結構」的不同策略。
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Papers by Yufan SUN
Sun, Yufan. 2024. "Recontextualizing Max Weber's Ideal Type: Lessons from Idealization in the Philosophy of Natural Science and Economics." Innovation in the Social Sciences 2(2):194-234.
孙宇凡，跨越学科的边界：2023年社会学理论研究趋势，清华社会学评论，2024年第21期
Abstract: How can we draw on non-sociological resources and reshape disciplinary boundaries? This question is a current trend in sociological theory research. However, sociological theorists often maintain biases towards certain disciplines they have critiqued, leading to a defense of disciplinary boundaries. A further question arises: how can we reintroduce these previously rejected disciplines and fields? In this article, I argue that sociological theorists need to revise their perceptions of philosophical epistemology and political theory, given the transformation of these fields through the development of social epistemology and political theory with an ethnographical sensibility. To understand the forefront of development, I primarily examine Miranda Fricker’s Epistemic Injustice and Bernardo Zacka’s When the State Meets the Street, reconstructing their arguments and assessing their impact in comparison with sociological theories. Specifically, I highlight how these arguments and their influences are enlightening and beneficial for contemporary sociology. Finally, I propose a suggestive list for the transdisciplinary exploration of sociological theories, considering behavioral economics, evolutionary biology, and cognitive psychology.
Keywords: transdisciplinarity; sociological theory; grounded normative theory; social epistemology
Sun, Yufan. 2024. "Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries: Trends in Sociological Theory Research in 2023." Tsinghua Sociological Review (21): 174-217.
Max Weber: Bureaucracy
Week 2
Karl Marx: Communism
Week 3
Emile Durkheim: Social Fact and Its Explanation
Week 4
Talcott Parsons: Structural Functionalism and Theoretical Progression
Week 5
George Mead: Symbolic Interactionism
Week 6
Pierre Bourdieu:
Symbolic Interactions in Structural Functionalism？
Week 7
Anthony Giddens:
Structural Function in Symbolic Interactionism？
Week 8
Jürgen Habermas: Society-must-be-defended
in the Unfinished Project of Modernity
作者：菊鸡手（来自豆瓣）
来源：https://www.douban.com/note/750619180/
▍目录
文与章：SARS 研究的全球回顾
为什么（不）戴⼝罩？公共卫⽣的政治
—— Maria Shun Ying Sin，2016
村民眼中的国家：华北乡村预防‘⾮典’事件过程
——胡宗泽，2011
SARS 与纽约中国城的污名化
——Laura Eichelberger， 2007
迈向 SARS 社会学：危机下的命运共同体
——Peter Baehr，2006
SARS 的风险治理：超越技术模型
——吴嘉苓、曾嬿芬，2006
书与⼈：风险社会理论新论
风险中的世界
—— Ulrich Beck，2008
作为工业事故研究的社会学家
—— Andrew Hopkins，2016
风险、不确定性与后真相社会
——Sander Van der Linden 等，2019
作者：菊鸡手（来自豆瓣）
来源：https://www.douban.com/note/746526521/
理论与历史社会学复印资料
Theoretical and Historical Sociology Excellence
第3期/2019年12月
目 录
文与章：女性能动性
冻卵作为浪漫爱与生育的时间拆解术
---Brown and Patrick, 2018
“又美丽又虔敬”：戴头巾者社群的美/德能动性
--- 赵恩洁, 2018
“煤气灯效应“的情感操纵
--- Sweet, 2019
书与人：布迪厄的新一/二手
《布赫迪厄：结构主义的英雄》
--- Fabiani, 2019（译）
《超越布迪厄：生成结构主义到关系现象学》
--- Atkinson, 2016
《象征暴力：与布迪厄对话》
--- 布洛维, 2019
《马奈：象征革命》《普遍社会学两卷》等
--- 布迪厄，2014，2017，2019，2020
⽂与章：社会理论家访谈
社会学与政治权⼒ –吉登斯，2019
从葛兰西到布迪厄 –布洛维，2019
暴⼒与情感 –柯林斯，2018
布迪厄的学术与政治 –Lebaron，2018
书与⼈：全球经济社会学
寻租中国 — 吴介⺠，2019
全球⽣产压⼒链 — 王宏仁，2019
全球中国的幽灵 –李静君，2017
全球价值链和国际发展 –杰⾥菲，2017
2016.7-present
˙An online publication combined the orientations between Contexts (a magazine of the American Sociological Association) and Understanding Society (Daniel Little’s academic blog)
˙The first and one of the biggest online academic magazine focusing on sociological theory in China.
˙300+ issues; 18, 000+subscribers; 500,000+visitors.
˙I contribute 70%+ essays making thought-provoking social theories accessible to academic researchers and general readers.
Yufan Sun, 2018, Bringing the Discipline of History Back in: The Trans-disciplinary Imagination and Strategy of Historical Sociology, Journal of Social Theory, Autumn, pp.379-401.
手，更要從詮釋規則角度入手。基於對史景遷的文本式疑問與脈絡式疑
問，本文指出他在《大汗之國》中為自己樹立了漢學的虛構傳統，以
之區別《改變中國》中體現的干預傳統。在前一脈絡下，史景遷的文本
中體現出被觀察者／被觀察的觀察者／觀察者（或作者）三重結構，
並可以進一步借助述平和呂炳強的某與人、第四身與第一身的文法層
次之說，將其發展出作者通過文法學意義上的化身成為被觀察的觀察
者，進而參與到其行動歷程與歷史世界的事件序列之間的假設檢驗過
程，從而形成文學化的歷史書寫。最後，本文以《康熙》的自傳風格
和《王氏之死》的文學風格為例，說明其中的文法層次與詮釋規則。
Although the centrality of hermeneutic rules in Jonathan Spence’s writing style, it remains theoretically under-scrutinized, partly because scholars mainly focus on the apparent problem of Spence’s disciplinary identity(historian or novelist). To fill this void, this article begins by discussing Spence’s textual and contextual problems, and points out that Spence follows the fiction tradition in Sinology, appreciating a layered structure (the observed, the observed observer, the observer), rather than the intervention tradition. Drawing on Ping Shu’s and Ping-keung Lui’s theories of personal pronouns, this article stretches out that Spence constructs himself as the observed observer and makes the hypothesis testing about relations between the course of actions and sequences of actions. The schema is illustrated by the explanations of Spence’s two books, Emperor of China: Self Portrait of K’ang Hsi and The Death of Woman Wang.
As a terminology in government documents ， ‘mechanism’is defined as a scheduled selfreorganization and a heterogenization of the local administration in a system. It is different from the definition of the‘mechanism’in social science. Meanwhile， recent researches on government operations do not clarify the differences between the‘mechanism’as a government document term and an academic
concept. To elaborating the new concept， this article aims to analyze the emerging and expanding processes of the‘mechanism’in official documents. Based on the analysis of one government official's
explanations， this article argues that‘mechanism’refers to the reproduction and the transformation of the‘fragmented authoritarianism’ ， which can be a new resource of the study of policy experiments.
These historical and theoretical examinations in detail could provide a better understanding of indigenous sociology， focusing on organizational fields and their discursive knowledge.
This article attempts to assess Dingxin Zhao’s theory of performance legitimacy and its empirical groundings,namely, the mandate of heaven in Chinese history. It begins by reconciling Zhao’s framework and Weber’s legitimacy theory before arguing that the performance or validity is the common foundation of legitimacy. This article also submits Zhao’s view fails to sustain the coherence theoretically, because the performance legitimacy as the final and material cause from the perspective of Aristotle’s four-causes theory. However, to explain the changing process of the mandate-of-heaven-cum-orthodoxy in Chinese history, the ideological legitimacy as a set of the final cause, the material cause and the formal cause, is eminently useful. Under this guideline, this article explains the Ming-Qing transition with eventful temporality, namely, interactions between the ruler and the staffs, relationships between the commands the obediences, interconnections between the mandate of heaven and the orthodoxy.
From the perspective of the three dimensions (social structure, biography and history) of the “sociological imagination”, Cheng Boqing argues that it is necessary to recognize the importance of the narrative-based approach in the anti-diachronic trend study, which results from the modernity background. In contrast, this article attempts to reconstruct the “sociological imagination” by adding the two dimensions, the generation and the course of action, which lead to the reflection of physical time and the identity of subjective time based on knowledge growths. To understand the necessity of the narrative-based approach, this article aims to that its Stoic causality with the hypothesis-testing implication. At last, I make the causality empirically by analyzing Jonathan Spence’s two books.
刊於：《Sociological理論大缸》第78期
URL：http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMzE5NjkyMA==&mid=2649708963&idx=1&sn=8e5a9c404e833931df456e4f19a05e59&chksm=f092a5b4c7e52ca23eef7409f91659dc30f0e768cdae3717b0d6b00ea186b69d84c1d7f2886e#rd
Sun, Yufan. 2024. "Recontextualizing Max Weber's Ideal Type: Lessons from Idealization in the Philosophy of Natural Science and Economics." Innovation in the Social Sciences 2(2):194-234.
孙宇凡，跨越学科的边界：2023年社会学理论研究趋势，清华社会学评论，2024年第21期
Abstract: How can we draw on non-sociological resources and reshape disciplinary boundaries? This question is a current trend in sociological theory research. However, sociological theorists often maintain biases towards certain disciplines they have critiqued, leading to a defense of disciplinary boundaries. A further question arises: how can we reintroduce these previously rejected disciplines and fields? In this article, I argue that sociological theorists need to revise their perceptions of philosophical epistemology and political theory, given the transformation of these fields through the development of social epistemology and political theory with an ethnographical sensibility. To understand the forefront of development, I primarily examine Miranda Fricker’s Epistemic Injustice and Bernardo Zacka’s When the State Meets the Street, reconstructing their arguments and assessing their impact in comparison with sociological theories. Specifically, I highlight how these arguments and their influences are enlightening and beneficial for contemporary sociology. Finally, I propose a suggestive list for the transdisciplinary exploration of sociological theories, considering behavioral economics, evolutionary biology, and cognitive psychology.
Keywords: transdisciplinarity; sociological theory; grounded normative theory; social epistemology
Sun, Yufan. 2024. "Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries: Trends in Sociological Theory Research in 2023." Tsinghua Sociological Review (21): 174-217.
Max Weber: Bureaucracy
Week 2
Karl Marx: Communism
Week 3
Emile Durkheim: Social Fact and Its Explanation
Week 4
Talcott Parsons: Structural Functionalism and Theoretical Progression
Week 5
George Mead: Symbolic Interactionism
Week 6
Pierre Bourdieu:
Symbolic Interactions in Structural Functionalism？
Week 7
Anthony Giddens:
Structural Function in Symbolic Interactionism？
Week 8
Jürgen Habermas: Society-must-be-defended
in the Unfinished Project of Modernity
作者：菊鸡手（来自豆瓣）
来源：https://www.douban.com/note/750619180/
▍目录
文与章：SARS 研究的全球回顾
为什么（不）戴⼝罩？公共卫⽣的政治
—— Maria Shun Ying Sin，2016
村民眼中的国家：华北乡村预防‘⾮典’事件过程
——胡宗泽，2011
SARS 与纽约中国城的污名化
——Laura Eichelberger， 2007
迈向 SARS 社会学：危机下的命运共同体
——Peter Baehr，2006
SARS 的风险治理：超越技术模型
——吴嘉苓、曾嬿芬，2006
书与⼈：风险社会理论新论
风险中的世界
—— Ulrich Beck，2008
作为工业事故研究的社会学家
—— Andrew Hopkins，2016
风险、不确定性与后真相社会
——Sander Van der Linden 等，2019
作者：菊鸡手（来自豆瓣）
来源：https://www.douban.com/note/746526521/
理论与历史社会学复印资料
Theoretical and Historical Sociology Excellence
第3期/2019年12月
目 录
文与章：女性能动性
冻卵作为浪漫爱与生育的时间拆解术
---Brown and Patrick, 2018
“又美丽又虔敬”：戴头巾者社群的美/德能动性
--- 赵恩洁, 2018
“煤气灯效应“的情感操纵
--- Sweet, 2019
书与人：布迪厄的新一/二手
《布赫迪厄：结构主义的英雄》
--- Fabiani, 2019（译）
《超越布迪厄：生成结构主义到关系现象学》
--- Atkinson, 2016
《象征暴力：与布迪厄对话》
--- 布洛维, 2019
《马奈：象征革命》《普遍社会学两卷》等
--- 布迪厄，2014，2017，2019，2020
⽂与章：社会理论家访谈
社会学与政治权⼒ –吉登斯，2019
从葛兰西到布迪厄 –布洛维，2019
暴⼒与情感 –柯林斯，2018
布迪厄的学术与政治 –Lebaron，2018
书与⼈：全球经济社会学
寻租中国 — 吴介⺠，2019
全球⽣产压⼒链 — 王宏仁，2019
全球中国的幽灵 –李静君，2017
全球价值链和国际发展 –杰⾥菲，2017
2016.7-present
˙An online publication combined the orientations between Contexts (a magazine of the American Sociological Association) and Understanding Society (Daniel Little’s academic blog)
˙The first and one of the biggest online academic magazine focusing on sociological theory in China.
˙300+ issues; 18, 000+subscribers; 500,000+visitors.
˙I contribute 70%+ essays making thought-provoking social theories accessible to academic researchers and general readers.
Yufan Sun, 2018, Bringing the Discipline of History Back in: The Trans-disciplinary Imagination and Strategy of Historical Sociology, Journal of Social Theory, Autumn, pp.379-401.
手，更要從詮釋規則角度入手。基於對史景遷的文本式疑問與脈絡式疑
問，本文指出他在《大汗之國》中為自己樹立了漢學的虛構傳統，以
之區別《改變中國》中體現的干預傳統。在前一脈絡下，史景遷的文本
中體現出被觀察者／被觀察的觀察者／觀察者（或作者）三重結構，
並可以進一步借助述平和呂炳強的某與人、第四身與第一身的文法層
次之說，將其發展出作者通過文法學意義上的化身成為被觀察的觀察
者，進而參與到其行動歷程與歷史世界的事件序列之間的假設檢驗過
程，從而形成文學化的歷史書寫。最後，本文以《康熙》的自傳風格
和《王氏之死》的文學風格為例，說明其中的文法層次與詮釋規則。
Although the centrality of hermeneutic rules in Jonathan Spence’s writing style, it remains theoretically under-scrutinized, partly because scholars mainly focus on the apparent problem of Spence’s disciplinary identity(historian or novelist). To fill this void, this article begins by discussing Spence’s textual and contextual problems, and points out that Spence follows the fiction tradition in Sinology, appreciating a layered structure (the observed, the observed observer, the observer), rather than the intervention tradition. Drawing on Ping Shu’s and Ping-keung Lui’s theories of personal pronouns, this article stretches out that Spence constructs himself as the observed observer and makes the hypothesis testing about relations between the course of actions and sequences of actions. The schema is illustrated by the explanations of Spence’s two books, Emperor of China: Self Portrait of K’ang Hsi and The Death of Woman Wang.
As a terminology in government documents ， ‘mechanism’is defined as a scheduled selfreorganization and a heterogenization of the local administration in a system. It is different from the definition of the‘mechanism’in social science. Meanwhile， recent researches on government operations do not clarify the differences between the‘mechanism’as a government document term and an academic
concept. To elaborating the new concept， this article aims to analyze the emerging and expanding processes of the‘mechanism’in official documents. Based on the analysis of one government official's
explanations， this article argues that‘mechanism’refers to the reproduction and the transformation of the‘fragmented authoritarianism’ ， which can be a new resource of the study of policy experiments.
These historical and theoretical examinations in detail could provide a better understanding of indigenous sociology， focusing on organizational fields and their discursive knowledge.
This article attempts to assess Dingxin Zhao’s theory of performance legitimacy and its empirical groundings,namely, the mandate of heaven in Chinese history. It begins by reconciling Zhao’s framework and Weber’s legitimacy theory before arguing that the performance or validity is the common foundation of legitimacy. This article also submits Zhao’s view fails to sustain the coherence theoretically, because the performance legitimacy as the final and material cause from the perspective of Aristotle’s four-causes theory. However, to explain the changing process of the mandate-of-heaven-cum-orthodoxy in Chinese history, the ideological legitimacy as a set of the final cause, the material cause and the formal cause, is eminently useful. Under this guideline, this article explains the Ming-Qing transition with eventful temporality, namely, interactions between the ruler and the staffs, relationships between the commands the obediences, interconnections between the mandate of heaven and the orthodoxy.
From the perspective of the three dimensions (social structure, biography and history) of the “sociological imagination”, Cheng Boqing argues that it is necessary to recognize the importance of the narrative-based approach in the anti-diachronic trend study, which results from the modernity background. In contrast, this article attempts to reconstruct the “sociological imagination” by adding the two dimensions, the generation and the course of action, which lead to the reflection of physical time and the identity of subjective time based on knowledge growths. To understand the necessity of the narrative-based approach, this article aims to that its Stoic causality with the hypothesis-testing implication. At last, I make the causality empirically by analyzing Jonathan Spence’s two books.
刊於：《Sociological理論大缸》第78期
URL：http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMzE5NjkyMA==&mid=2649708963&idx=1&sn=8e5a9c404e833931df456e4f19a05e59&chksm=f092a5b4c7e52ca23eef7409f91659dc30f0e768cdae3717b0d6b00ea186b69d84c1d7f2886e#rd
孫宇凡，2016，<「四兩撥千斤」與「鐵磨鐵」：葉啟政與呂炳強的本土社會學之比較與對話>。論文發表於《2016年臺灣社會學會年會》，花蓮：國立東華大學 11月26-27日。
前言和致谢 005
目录
第一部分 从历史学到社会学
第一章 孔飞力：君主与化身的奥秘003
第二章 史景迁：虚构传统与历史诠释052
第三章 从赵鼎新到魏斐德：意识形态正当性与明清易代086
第四章 把历史学带进来：历史社会学的跨学科想象与策略134
第二部分 从历史学到社会学
第五章 社会学的想象力与主体时间性：从成伯清到史景迁181
第六章 第三波历史社会学与突现时间性：从存在论到方法论 217
第七章 结构转型与事件时间性：历史学家兼社会学家的休厄尔 261
第八章 四种时间性：迈向另一种事件社会学 308
附录 修订与未修订 348
索引 361
呂炳強、李越民、孫宇凡、劉擁華，2015，《聽與說 社會學電郵集 2012–2013》。北京： 中國社會科學出版社。