Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, Jan 19, 2021
Background: The Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)... more Background: The Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the major insect pests, causing a significant damage on different cultivated agricultural crops. Developing an alternative non-chemical tool, an effective and environmentally friendly method to suppress pest's infestation is essentially needed. Therefore, biological control by releasing the egg parasitoids could be the most promising tool for integrated pest management. Results: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) as a bio-control agent against S. littoralis egg masses with different physical characteristics (number of egg layer and degree of scale density) in a no-choice and choice tests, under laboratory conditions. Also, the parasitoids' fitness in terms of parasitism percentage, developmental period, adults' emergence percentage, female offspring percentage, and longevity were investigated. The results revealed that T. bactrae wasps had a great ability to parasitize S. littoralis egg masses, but with different rates, related to their layers and scales' thickness in both tests. The highest parasitism percentage was observed on one-layer eggs, followed by two layers. However, 3-layer eggs were the least preferable one. High numbers of adult emergencies (> 80%) were observed in all tested egg masses, except in the case of 3 layers with high scales. Furthermore, female-biased sex ratios were noticed at all examined eggs, with only the exception of high-scaly eggs with a single layer that recorded the lowest rate (≤ 45%). Besides, the survival of adult female parasitoids was not significantly affected in both tests. Conclusions: T. bactrae could be used as a bio-control agent against S. littoralis egg masses with different physical characteristics based on the achieved results.
Background Faba bean, Vicia faba is one of the main popular legume crops in the world. Their seed... more Background Faba bean, Vicia faba is one of the main popular legume crops in the world. Their seeds are the best source of proteins, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins for human food and animal consumption. For these reasons, improving and increasing the cultivated area of faba beans are essentially needed to achieve self-sufficiency. Therefore, this study is focused on the diversity of harmful and beneficial insects on this crop in Assiut Governorate. Results The Survey of harmful and beneficial insects on faba bean crop registered 44 insect species divided into (21 pests, 4 parasitoids, 11 predators, and 8 pollinators and visitors) belonging to 10 orders and 27 families. The most common pest species were green leafhopper, Empoasca decipiens (42.28%), followed by bean fly, Ophiomyia phaseoli(17.16%); American serpentine leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (16.45%); sugar beet fly, Pegomya mixta (9.20%); campyloma bug, Campylomma sp. (7.61%); bean seed fly, Delia sp. (3.17%). Besides, 4 ...
Faba bean, Vicia faba, is one of the main popular legume crops in the world. Their seeds are rich... more Faba bean, Vicia faba, is one of the main popular legume crops in the world. Their seeds are rich sources of proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins for human food and animal consumption. For these reasons, improving and increasing the cultivated area of faba beans are essentially needed to achieve self-sufficiency. Therefore, this study is focused on the diversity of harmful and beneficial insects on this crop in Assiut Governorate, Upper Egypt. The Survey of harmful and beneficial insects on faba bean crop registered 44 insect species (21 pests, 4 parasitoids, 11 predators, and 8 pollinators and visitors) belonging to 9 orders and 27 families. The most common pest species were green leafhopper, Empoasca decipiens (42.28%), followed by bean fly, Ophiomyia phaseoli (17.16%); American serpentine leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii (16.45%); sugar beet fly, Pegomya mixta (9.20%); campyloma bug, Campylomma sp. (7.61%); and bean seed fly, Delia sp. (3.17%). Besides, four native parasitoid species were recorded (Chelonus sp., Opius nitidulator, Dirhinus excavatus, and Trichogramma sp.). The most abundant and predominant predators’ species during the season were the eleven-spotted ladybird beetles, Coccinella undecimpunctata (44.27%) and Scymnusnubilus (35.5%). While, minute pirate bug, Orius insidiosus (6.51%) and common green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (5.52%) were found in a moderate dominant. Moreover, honeybees, Apis mellifera were the main pollinators of this vital crop that was observed in high numbers through the growing season. Ultimately, this study will be essential for developing and improving the control technique of common insects in faba bean fields.
Background Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is ... more Background Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the new alien destructive pests of maize and other 350 economic crops. The majority of farmers are still depended upon chemical insecticides to suppress the pest, but S. frugiperda has succeeded to develop resistance against most of the chemical families. Improving an effective environmentally-friendly approach is highly recommended. Therefore, the egg parasitoids are the best weapon for managing the FAW in the early egg stage due to the feeding behavior of their larvae. In this regard, the impact of FAW egg mass layers and scale thicknesses, as physical barriers, on the parasitic performance of the egg-parasitoid species, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), in non-choice and choice tests was assessed. Besides, the efficacy of FAW-produced adult wasps on the next generation based on the rates of parasitism, adults' emergence, and female progen...
International Journal of Entomology Research , 2022
Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the m... more Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the main threats to food security and farmers' livelihoods worldwide. For developing an effective management against this pest, improving the rearing technique and basic information on its biology is required. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the cohort rearing on each developmental stage and reproductive behavior of FAW feeding on castor oil leaves under laboratory conditions. Results revealed that the larval development lasted (12-19 days) while suffered (13%) mortality in their early instars. The percentage of larvae succeeded to pupal stage was (68%). When larvae reared in cohorts, about (3%) cannibalism only were recorded. The period required for adult emergency was (7.70 days) with (68.04 %) survival. Moreover, the average male to female sex ratio was (1: 1.06) with non-significantly difference. The wing malformation in females (15.67%) was significantly higher than males (1.82%), while the longevity was insignificantly affected. Females emerged earlier and began to lay their eggs through (3.33 days) and the oviposition continued up to (4-7 days). Single fertile female laid about (1225-2363 eggs) throughout its lifespan. The incubation period of egg stage was (2.19 days) with (97.92 %) of hatchability. Eventually, the total life period lasted about (23-30 days). Therefore, Cohort-based method is recommended for rearing FAW in laboratory without mandatory effect on their larval cannibalism, survival and hence adult fecundity.
First record of the exotic pest fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda on sorghum , 2021
Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a new invasi... more Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a new invasive destructive insect pest; causing a huge threat to the food security and livelihoods of millions' smallholder farmers worldwide. Recently, it was first recorded on maize fields in 2019 at Aswan Governorate, Upper Egypt and spread to the north so fast to Luxor, Qena, and Sohag Governorates. Later, it was recorded invading the maize crop at Assuit Governorate in 2021. Afterwards, the first appearance of FAW damage on sorghum crops was recorded on the 6th of August. Identification was done by the morphological characteristics as well as laboratory rearing of the pest for confirmation. Besides, the damage symptoms were observed by naked eyes as transparent elongated patches, irregular holes-like windows on the leaves, holes in stems and sawdust-like larval feces. Moreover, larvae have distinctive morphological marks of inverted "white Y-shape" on the head, 4 large black spots arranged in a square on the 8-segment and 4 small dots on the dorsal surface of all other segments. This is the first record of FAW infestation on sorghum plants in Assuit Governorate, Upper Egypt. This information and prediction could be helpful to restrict its further spread to different cultivated crops with proper management.
BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access t... more BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.
Background Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodopterafrugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is th... more Background Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodopterafrugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the new invasive pest of different economic crops, threatening the agricultural economy worldwide. Chemical insecticides are the main control management strategy applied by almost farmers. As the adverse effect of these chemicals on the environment and human health, improving alternative environmentally friendly control against this pest is urgently needed. In this response, the pathogenicity bioassays of 2 entomopathogenic nematode species (EPNs), Steinernemacarpocapsae (All) and Heterorhabditisindica (EGAZ2), on different FAW larval instars (2nd to 6th instars) were assessed under laboratory conditions. Results The results cleared that FAW larval mortality rate was varied significantly related to nematode species, post-exposure times and developmental instar stages. S.carpocapsae application was more virulent and effective against all tested instars larvae, registering 100% mortality aft...
Background The greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is the major ... more Background The greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is the major devastating insect pest of beekeeping industry all over the world; however their larvae were valuable to be the most favorable alternative invertebrate model. For this purpose, new-hatched larvae were reared on five different nutritional diets based on: old wax-comb (natural food); wheat flour diet (Triticum aestivum L.); soybean diet (Glycine max); wheat germ diet; and date syrup diet (Phoenix dactylifera L.) till reaching the fully grown 6th instars to evaluate their fitness and hemocytic responses. Results Fully grown larvae from soybean diet had the highest rates of fresh (280 mg) and dry weights (104 mg), water contents (175.6 mg), carbohydrates (1.97%), total hemocyte count (THC) (4746/mm3), total soluble solid (TSS) (21.7%), hemolymph protein concentration (HPC) (1662.5 mg/100 ml), and hemolymph content (density 3.82 mg/µl and volume 70.35 µl/larva), followed by wheat germ diet in...
The biggest threat to maize production in recent years is the invasion of a new exotic pest fall ... more The biggest threat to maize production in recent years is the invasion of a new exotic pest fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the damage characteristics, development, and reproductive preferences of this pest when its larvae fed on fodder maize and cobs. In this context, weights (g) of larvae, pupae and adults, pupal period (days), sex ratio (%), longevity (days), oviposition preferences, fecundity (%), egg incubation period (days), and hatchability (%) on fodder and cobs were assessed. Results exhibited that FAW larvae were able to feed and infest both fodder and cobs, causing significant damage particularly on cobs by making them unsuitable for marketing and human consumption. Moreover, larvae and pupae from cobs had the greatest weight and were significantly affected by food items. However, the pupal period was shorter in cobs (7.76 days). Regardless of the type of larval feeding, emergency of females (>62%) was more than that of males. On the contrary, the longevity of adults from larvae fed on fodder (7 days) was shorter than that of cobs. Feeding larvae on fodder or cob didn’t influence significantly the reproductive performance of females (pre-oviposition, oviposition, post-oviposition periods, fecundity, and egg hatching rate). However, the larval diet greatly affected the egg hatching which was long in cob. This study could play a significant role in predicting the damage and reproductive performance of FAW in maize fields during their developmental growth, which will further help in developing effective integrated management against this pest.
The biggest threat to maize production in recent years is the invasion of a new exotic pest fall ... more The biggest threat to maize production in recent years is the invasion of a new exotic pest fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the damage characteristics, development, and reproductive preferences of this pest when its larvae fed on fodder maize and cobs. In this context, weights (g) of larvae, pupae and adults, pupal period (days), sex ratio (%), longevity (days), oviposition preferences, fecundity (%), egg incubation period (days), and hatchability (%) on fodder and cobs were assessed. Results exhibited that FAW larvae were able to feed and infest both fodder and cobs, causing significant damage particularly on cobs by making them unsuitable for marketing and human consumption. Moreover, larvae and pupae from cobs had the greatest weight and were significantly affected by food items. However, the pupal period was shorter in cobs (7.76 days). Regardless of the type of larval feeding, emergency of females (>62%) was more than that of males. On the contrary, the longevity of adults from larvae fed on fodder (7 days) was shorter than that of cobs. Feeding larvae on fodder or cob didn’t influence significantly the reproductive performance of females (pre-oviposition, oviposition, post-oviposition periods, fecundity, and egg hatching rate). However, the larval diet greatly affected the egg hatching which was long in cob. This study could play a significant role in predicting the damage and reproductive performance of FAW in maize fields during their developmental growth, which will further help in developing effective integrated management against this pest.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control, Sep 1, 2016
The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Acad... more The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, and is devoted to publication of original papers related to the interaction between insects and their environment. The goal of the journal is to advance the scientific understanding of mechanisms of toxicity. Emphasis will be placed on toxic effects observed at relevant exposures, which have direct impact on safety evaluation and risk assessment. The journal therefore welcomes papers on biology ranging from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology. www.eajbs.eg.net Provided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use.
This study was designed to find out the optimum cold storage temperature (4, 7, and 10°C) and sto... more This study was designed to find out the optimum cold storage temperature (4, 7, and 10°C) and storage period (1-16 weeks) of 3 different immature developmental stages (2, 4, 6 days post parasitism) of the egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to produce high-quality individuals to be utilized. Also, the effects of cold storage on parasitoids' fitness in terms of parasitism percentage, developmental period, adults' emergence percentage, female percentage, and longevity (fed and un-fed) of parents and F 1 progeny were investigated. The obtained results revealed that T. bactrae larvae (2-day post parasitism) could be stored for at least 7 weeks at 10°C, with least changes in their fitness in both the parents and F 1 progeny, followed by 7°C, whereas storage at 4°C was the fatal temperature in this early stage of parasitoid with a maximum mortality rate that extended to the next generation (F 1). Furthermore, female biased sex ratios were observed at all storage temperatures in the parental and F 1 generations but with different values. After a cold exposure of pre-and pupal stages (4, 6 days post parasitism) of the parasitoid at 7°C, adults' emergence percentage in the parents was low, but the biological performance in progeny was great. In addition, these late stages could be stored for a short period up to 4 weeks at 10°C with highest performances in both generations, followed by 7°C. Ten degrees Celsius proved to be the most suitable storage temperature at different parasitoid ages (larvae, pre-pupae, and pupae). Only the larval stage could continue up to 16 weeks of cold storage, and hence, it can be recommended for a short-and/or a long-term storage period.
Effect of mating disruption technique, at the rate of 300 PB-Rope dispensers/feddan for suppressi... more Effect of mating disruption technique, at the rate of 300 PB-Rope dispensers/feddan for suppressing the population and percentage of infestation with the pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) was investigated in cotton fields at Assuit Governorate (Upper Egypt), throughout the two successive cotton growing seasons 2013-2014. Catches of PBW moths in the sex pheromone traps and the damage in green bolls were recorded in both treated and control fields. Data showed that moth catches were highly suppressed (near 100%) in the treated field by installation of the dispensers during the 50% flowering growth stage. In addition, % of average infestation in the cotton green bolls was significantly decreased in the treated (0.89&1.51) compared with the control field (20.54 &12.33%) in both seasons, respectively. A significant difference was found in the average yield/feddan estimated at the plot treated with pheromones (10.25 Kent.) compared with the control (6.37 Kent.). Thi...
This study was designed to find out the optimum cold storage temperature (4, 7, and 10°C) and sto... more This study was designed to find out the optimum cold storage temperature (4, 7, and 10°C) and storage period (1-16 weeks) of 3 different immature developmental stages (2, 4, 6 days post parasitism) of the egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to produce high-quality individuals to be utilized. Also, the effects of cold storage on parasitoids' fitness in terms of parasitism percentage, developmental period, adults' emergence percentage, female percentage, and longevity (fed and un-fed) of parents and F 1 progeny were investigated. The obtained results revealed that T. bactrae larvae (2-day post parasitism) could be stored for at least 7 weeks at 10°C, with least changes in their fitness in both the parents and F 1 progeny, followed by 7°C, whereas storage at 4°C was the fatal temperature in this early stage of parasitoid with a maximum mortality rate that extended to the next generation (F 1). Furthermore, female biased sex ratio...
Field trials were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of releasing the egg parasitoid, Trichogra... more Field trials were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of releasing the egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) at two different application dates (flowering and boll formation cotton plant growth stages) and at different rates of releases (one to four releases) for suppressing the cotton bollworms; the pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) and the spiny boll worm (SBW), Earias insulana (Boisd.) infestations in two successive cotton growing seasons; 2013 and 2014 at Elwan district, Assuit Governorate (Upper Egypt). Additionally, the average weight of cotton green boll/gm at each treatment plus control was estimated. Generally, data revealed that different rates of releases at the two different application dates showed a significant reduction in % of infestation in green bolls; with PBW (12.54 to 66.36 and 43.74 to 90.03%) and (18.95 to 62.17 and 59.1 to 93.03%) with SBW as compared to control (untreated) in 2013 and 201...
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, 2020
The present study is the first attempt in Egypt which focused on determining the development rate... more The present study is the first attempt in Egypt which focused on determining the development rate of Spodoptera frugiperda at different constant temperatures, the number of degree-days (DD’s) required for each stage to complete development, as well as the degree-days required for overall egg-to-adult development. The study was conducted under three constant temperatures (20, 25, and 30 °C at the Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Vally University, Qena Governorate, Egypt. The aim of this study was to determine the development rate of S. frugiperda at different temperatures and to calculate the number of degree-days (DD’s) required for each stage to complete its development. The study showed that the mean incubation period was6.9, 3.4, and 2.1 days at 20, 25, and 30 °C, respectively, and the larval duration were 38.5, 23.7, and 18.6 days at the same temperatures, respectively. On the other hand, The average pupal durations were 22.5 at 20, 9.4 at 25, and 7.7days at 3...
Background The Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) ... more Background The Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the major insect pests, causing a significant damage on different cultivated agricultural crops. Developing an alternative non-chemical tool, an effective and environmentally friendly method to suppress pest's infestation is essentially needed. Therefore, biological control by releasing the egg parasitoids could be the most promising tool for integrated pest management. Results This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) as a bio-control agent against S. littoralis egg masses with different physical characteristics (number of egg layer and degree of scale density) in a no-choice and choice tests, under laboratory conditions. Also, the parasitoids’ fitness in terms of parasitism percentage, developmental period, adults’ emergence percentage, female offspring percentage, and longe...
Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, Jan 19, 2021
Background: The Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)... more Background: The Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the major insect pests, causing a significant damage on different cultivated agricultural crops. Developing an alternative non-chemical tool, an effective and environmentally friendly method to suppress pest's infestation is essentially needed. Therefore, biological control by releasing the egg parasitoids could be the most promising tool for integrated pest management. Results: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) as a bio-control agent against S. littoralis egg masses with different physical characteristics (number of egg layer and degree of scale density) in a no-choice and choice tests, under laboratory conditions. Also, the parasitoids' fitness in terms of parasitism percentage, developmental period, adults' emergence percentage, female offspring percentage, and longevity were investigated. The results revealed that T. bactrae wasps had a great ability to parasitize S. littoralis egg masses, but with different rates, related to their layers and scales' thickness in both tests. The highest parasitism percentage was observed on one-layer eggs, followed by two layers. However, 3-layer eggs were the least preferable one. High numbers of adult emergencies (> 80%) were observed in all tested egg masses, except in the case of 3 layers with high scales. Furthermore, female-biased sex ratios were noticed at all examined eggs, with only the exception of high-scaly eggs with a single layer that recorded the lowest rate (≤ 45%). Besides, the survival of adult female parasitoids was not significantly affected in both tests. Conclusions: T. bactrae could be used as a bio-control agent against S. littoralis egg masses with different physical characteristics based on the achieved results.
Background Faba bean, Vicia faba is one of the main popular legume crops in the world. Their seed... more Background Faba bean, Vicia faba is one of the main popular legume crops in the world. Their seeds are the best source of proteins, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins for human food and animal consumption. For these reasons, improving and increasing the cultivated area of faba beans are essentially needed to achieve self-sufficiency. Therefore, this study is focused on the diversity of harmful and beneficial insects on this crop in Assiut Governorate. Results The Survey of harmful and beneficial insects on faba bean crop registered 44 insect species divided into (21 pests, 4 parasitoids, 11 predators, and 8 pollinators and visitors) belonging to 10 orders and 27 families. The most common pest species were green leafhopper, Empoasca decipiens (42.28%), followed by bean fly, Ophiomyia phaseoli(17.16%); American serpentine leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (16.45%); sugar beet fly, Pegomya mixta (9.20%); campyloma bug, Campylomma sp. (7.61%); bean seed fly, Delia sp. (3.17%). Besides, 4 ...
Faba bean, Vicia faba, is one of the main popular legume crops in the world. Their seeds are rich... more Faba bean, Vicia faba, is one of the main popular legume crops in the world. Their seeds are rich sources of proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins for human food and animal consumption. For these reasons, improving and increasing the cultivated area of faba beans are essentially needed to achieve self-sufficiency. Therefore, this study is focused on the diversity of harmful and beneficial insects on this crop in Assiut Governorate, Upper Egypt. The Survey of harmful and beneficial insects on faba bean crop registered 44 insect species (21 pests, 4 parasitoids, 11 predators, and 8 pollinators and visitors) belonging to 9 orders and 27 families. The most common pest species were green leafhopper, Empoasca decipiens (42.28%), followed by bean fly, Ophiomyia phaseoli (17.16%); American serpentine leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii (16.45%); sugar beet fly, Pegomya mixta (9.20%); campyloma bug, Campylomma sp. (7.61%); and bean seed fly, Delia sp. (3.17%). Besides, four native parasitoid species were recorded (Chelonus sp., Opius nitidulator, Dirhinus excavatus, and Trichogramma sp.). The most abundant and predominant predators’ species during the season were the eleven-spotted ladybird beetles, Coccinella undecimpunctata (44.27%) and Scymnusnubilus (35.5%). While, minute pirate bug, Orius insidiosus (6.51%) and common green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (5.52%) were found in a moderate dominant. Moreover, honeybees, Apis mellifera were the main pollinators of this vital crop that was observed in high numbers through the growing season. Ultimately, this study will be essential for developing and improving the control technique of common insects in faba bean fields.
Background Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is ... more Background Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the new alien destructive pests of maize and other 350 economic crops. The majority of farmers are still depended upon chemical insecticides to suppress the pest, but S. frugiperda has succeeded to develop resistance against most of the chemical families. Improving an effective environmentally-friendly approach is highly recommended. Therefore, the egg parasitoids are the best weapon for managing the FAW in the early egg stage due to the feeding behavior of their larvae. In this regard, the impact of FAW egg mass layers and scale thicknesses, as physical barriers, on the parasitic performance of the egg-parasitoid species, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), in non-choice and choice tests was assessed. Besides, the efficacy of FAW-produced adult wasps on the next generation based on the rates of parasitism, adults' emergence, and female progen...
International Journal of Entomology Research , 2022
Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the m... more Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the main threats to food security and farmers' livelihoods worldwide. For developing an effective management against this pest, improving the rearing technique and basic information on its biology is required. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the cohort rearing on each developmental stage and reproductive behavior of FAW feeding on castor oil leaves under laboratory conditions. Results revealed that the larval development lasted (12-19 days) while suffered (13%) mortality in their early instars. The percentage of larvae succeeded to pupal stage was (68%). When larvae reared in cohorts, about (3%) cannibalism only were recorded. The period required for adult emergency was (7.70 days) with (68.04 %) survival. Moreover, the average male to female sex ratio was (1: 1.06) with non-significantly difference. The wing malformation in females (15.67%) was significantly higher than males (1.82%), while the longevity was insignificantly affected. Females emerged earlier and began to lay their eggs through (3.33 days) and the oviposition continued up to (4-7 days). Single fertile female laid about (1225-2363 eggs) throughout its lifespan. The incubation period of egg stage was (2.19 days) with (97.92 %) of hatchability. Eventually, the total life period lasted about (23-30 days). Therefore, Cohort-based method is recommended for rearing FAW in laboratory without mandatory effect on their larval cannibalism, survival and hence adult fecundity.
First record of the exotic pest fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda on sorghum , 2021
Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a new invasi... more Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a new invasive destructive insect pest; causing a huge threat to the food security and livelihoods of millions' smallholder farmers worldwide. Recently, it was first recorded on maize fields in 2019 at Aswan Governorate, Upper Egypt and spread to the north so fast to Luxor, Qena, and Sohag Governorates. Later, it was recorded invading the maize crop at Assuit Governorate in 2021. Afterwards, the first appearance of FAW damage on sorghum crops was recorded on the 6th of August. Identification was done by the morphological characteristics as well as laboratory rearing of the pest for confirmation. Besides, the damage symptoms were observed by naked eyes as transparent elongated patches, irregular holes-like windows on the leaves, holes in stems and sawdust-like larval feces. Moreover, larvae have distinctive morphological marks of inverted "white Y-shape" on the head, 4 large black spots arranged in a square on the 8-segment and 4 small dots on the dorsal surface of all other segments. This is the first record of FAW infestation on sorghum plants in Assuit Governorate, Upper Egypt. This information and prediction could be helpful to restrict its further spread to different cultivated crops with proper management.
BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access t... more BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.
Background Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodopterafrugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is th... more Background Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodopterafrugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the new invasive pest of different economic crops, threatening the agricultural economy worldwide. Chemical insecticides are the main control management strategy applied by almost farmers. As the adverse effect of these chemicals on the environment and human health, improving alternative environmentally friendly control against this pest is urgently needed. In this response, the pathogenicity bioassays of 2 entomopathogenic nematode species (EPNs), Steinernemacarpocapsae (All) and Heterorhabditisindica (EGAZ2), on different FAW larval instars (2nd to 6th instars) were assessed under laboratory conditions. Results The results cleared that FAW larval mortality rate was varied significantly related to nematode species, post-exposure times and developmental instar stages. S.carpocapsae application was more virulent and effective against all tested instars larvae, registering 100% mortality aft...
Background The greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is the major ... more Background The greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is the major devastating insect pest of beekeeping industry all over the world; however their larvae were valuable to be the most favorable alternative invertebrate model. For this purpose, new-hatched larvae were reared on five different nutritional diets based on: old wax-comb (natural food); wheat flour diet (Triticum aestivum L.); soybean diet (Glycine max); wheat germ diet; and date syrup diet (Phoenix dactylifera L.) till reaching the fully grown 6th instars to evaluate their fitness and hemocytic responses. Results Fully grown larvae from soybean diet had the highest rates of fresh (280 mg) and dry weights (104 mg), water contents (175.6 mg), carbohydrates (1.97%), total hemocyte count (THC) (4746/mm3), total soluble solid (TSS) (21.7%), hemolymph protein concentration (HPC) (1662.5 mg/100 ml), and hemolymph content (density 3.82 mg/µl and volume 70.35 µl/larva), followed by wheat germ diet in...
The biggest threat to maize production in recent years is the invasion of a new exotic pest fall ... more The biggest threat to maize production in recent years is the invasion of a new exotic pest fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the damage characteristics, development, and reproductive preferences of this pest when its larvae fed on fodder maize and cobs. In this context, weights (g) of larvae, pupae and adults, pupal period (days), sex ratio (%), longevity (days), oviposition preferences, fecundity (%), egg incubation period (days), and hatchability (%) on fodder and cobs were assessed. Results exhibited that FAW larvae were able to feed and infest both fodder and cobs, causing significant damage particularly on cobs by making them unsuitable for marketing and human consumption. Moreover, larvae and pupae from cobs had the greatest weight and were significantly affected by food items. However, the pupal period was shorter in cobs (7.76 days). Regardless of the type of larval feeding, emergency of females (>62%) was more than that of males. On the contrary, the longevity of adults from larvae fed on fodder (7 days) was shorter than that of cobs. Feeding larvae on fodder or cob didn’t influence significantly the reproductive performance of females (pre-oviposition, oviposition, post-oviposition periods, fecundity, and egg hatching rate). However, the larval diet greatly affected the egg hatching which was long in cob. This study could play a significant role in predicting the damage and reproductive performance of FAW in maize fields during their developmental growth, which will further help in developing effective integrated management against this pest.
The biggest threat to maize production in recent years is the invasion of a new exotic pest fall ... more The biggest threat to maize production in recent years is the invasion of a new exotic pest fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the damage characteristics, development, and reproductive preferences of this pest when its larvae fed on fodder maize and cobs. In this context, weights (g) of larvae, pupae and adults, pupal period (days), sex ratio (%), longevity (days), oviposition preferences, fecundity (%), egg incubation period (days), and hatchability (%) on fodder and cobs were assessed. Results exhibited that FAW larvae were able to feed and infest both fodder and cobs, causing significant damage particularly on cobs by making them unsuitable for marketing and human consumption. Moreover, larvae and pupae from cobs had the greatest weight and were significantly affected by food items. However, the pupal period was shorter in cobs (7.76 days). Regardless of the type of larval feeding, emergency of females (>62%) was more than that of males. On the contrary, the longevity of adults from larvae fed on fodder (7 days) was shorter than that of cobs. Feeding larvae on fodder or cob didn’t influence significantly the reproductive performance of females (pre-oviposition, oviposition, post-oviposition periods, fecundity, and egg hatching rate). However, the larval diet greatly affected the egg hatching which was long in cob. This study could play a significant role in predicting the damage and reproductive performance of FAW in maize fields during their developmental growth, which will further help in developing effective integrated management against this pest.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control, Sep 1, 2016
The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Acad... more The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, and is devoted to publication of original papers related to the interaction between insects and their environment. The goal of the journal is to advance the scientific understanding of mechanisms of toxicity. Emphasis will be placed on toxic effects observed at relevant exposures, which have direct impact on safety evaluation and risk assessment. The journal therefore welcomes papers on biology ranging from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology. www.eajbs.eg.net Provided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use.
This study was designed to find out the optimum cold storage temperature (4, 7, and 10°C) and sto... more This study was designed to find out the optimum cold storage temperature (4, 7, and 10°C) and storage period (1-16 weeks) of 3 different immature developmental stages (2, 4, 6 days post parasitism) of the egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to produce high-quality individuals to be utilized. Also, the effects of cold storage on parasitoids' fitness in terms of parasitism percentage, developmental period, adults' emergence percentage, female percentage, and longevity (fed and un-fed) of parents and F 1 progeny were investigated. The obtained results revealed that T. bactrae larvae (2-day post parasitism) could be stored for at least 7 weeks at 10°C, with least changes in their fitness in both the parents and F 1 progeny, followed by 7°C, whereas storage at 4°C was the fatal temperature in this early stage of parasitoid with a maximum mortality rate that extended to the next generation (F 1). Furthermore, female biased sex ratios were observed at all storage temperatures in the parental and F 1 generations but with different values. After a cold exposure of pre-and pupal stages (4, 6 days post parasitism) of the parasitoid at 7°C, adults' emergence percentage in the parents was low, but the biological performance in progeny was great. In addition, these late stages could be stored for a short period up to 4 weeks at 10°C with highest performances in both generations, followed by 7°C. Ten degrees Celsius proved to be the most suitable storage temperature at different parasitoid ages (larvae, pre-pupae, and pupae). Only the larval stage could continue up to 16 weeks of cold storage, and hence, it can be recommended for a short-and/or a long-term storage period.
Effect of mating disruption technique, at the rate of 300 PB-Rope dispensers/feddan for suppressi... more Effect of mating disruption technique, at the rate of 300 PB-Rope dispensers/feddan for suppressing the population and percentage of infestation with the pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) was investigated in cotton fields at Assuit Governorate (Upper Egypt), throughout the two successive cotton growing seasons 2013-2014. Catches of PBW moths in the sex pheromone traps and the damage in green bolls were recorded in both treated and control fields. Data showed that moth catches were highly suppressed (near 100%) in the treated field by installation of the dispensers during the 50% flowering growth stage. In addition, % of average infestation in the cotton green bolls was significantly decreased in the treated (0.89&1.51) compared with the control field (20.54 &12.33%) in both seasons, respectively. A significant difference was found in the average yield/feddan estimated at the plot treated with pheromones (10.25 Kent.) compared with the control (6.37 Kent.). Thi...
This study was designed to find out the optimum cold storage temperature (4, 7, and 10°C) and sto... more This study was designed to find out the optimum cold storage temperature (4, 7, and 10°C) and storage period (1-16 weeks) of 3 different immature developmental stages (2, 4, 6 days post parasitism) of the egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to produce high-quality individuals to be utilized. Also, the effects of cold storage on parasitoids' fitness in terms of parasitism percentage, developmental period, adults' emergence percentage, female percentage, and longevity (fed and un-fed) of parents and F 1 progeny were investigated. The obtained results revealed that T. bactrae larvae (2-day post parasitism) could be stored for at least 7 weeks at 10°C, with least changes in their fitness in both the parents and F 1 progeny, followed by 7°C, whereas storage at 4°C was the fatal temperature in this early stage of parasitoid with a maximum mortality rate that extended to the next generation (F 1). Furthermore, female biased sex ratio...
Field trials were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of releasing the egg parasitoid, Trichogra... more Field trials were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of releasing the egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) at two different application dates (flowering and boll formation cotton plant growth stages) and at different rates of releases (one to four releases) for suppressing the cotton bollworms; the pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) and the spiny boll worm (SBW), Earias insulana (Boisd.) infestations in two successive cotton growing seasons; 2013 and 2014 at Elwan district, Assuit Governorate (Upper Egypt). Additionally, the average weight of cotton green boll/gm at each treatment plus control was estimated. Generally, data revealed that different rates of releases at the two different application dates showed a significant reduction in % of infestation in green bolls; with PBW (12.54 to 66.36 and 43.74 to 90.03%) and (18.95 to 62.17 and 59.1 to 93.03%) with SBW as compared to control (untreated) in 2013 and 201...
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, 2020
The present study is the first attempt in Egypt which focused on determining the development rate... more The present study is the first attempt in Egypt which focused on determining the development rate of Spodoptera frugiperda at different constant temperatures, the number of degree-days (DD’s) required for each stage to complete development, as well as the degree-days required for overall egg-to-adult development. The study was conducted under three constant temperatures (20, 25, and 30 °C at the Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Vally University, Qena Governorate, Egypt. The aim of this study was to determine the development rate of S. frugiperda at different temperatures and to calculate the number of degree-days (DD’s) required for each stage to complete its development. The study showed that the mean incubation period was6.9, 3.4, and 2.1 days at 20, 25, and 30 °C, respectively, and the larval duration were 38.5, 23.7, and 18.6 days at the same temperatures, respectively. On the other hand, The average pupal durations were 22.5 at 20, 9.4 at 25, and 7.7days at 3...
Background The Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) ... more Background The Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the major insect pests, causing a significant damage on different cultivated agricultural crops. Developing an alternative non-chemical tool, an effective and environmentally friendly method to suppress pest's infestation is essentially needed. Therefore, biological control by releasing the egg parasitoids could be the most promising tool for integrated pest management. Results This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) as a bio-control agent against S. littoralis egg masses with different physical characteristics (number of egg layer and degree of scale density) in a no-choice and choice tests, under laboratory conditions. Also, the parasitoids’ fitness in terms of parasitism percentage, developmental period, adults’ emergence percentage, female offspring percentage, and longe...
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