Recombinant dna

Process of Recombinant DNA Technology is the technique used for making artificial DNA by genetic modification using multiple sources. Process of Recombinant DNA Technology involves extraction of gene followed by cleaving it at special sites. Then it is put in a molecular vector for its setup in host. At last we need an expression system on which vector along with gene of interest is introduced for multiple copies.

Enzymes of Genetic Engineering or Recombinant DNA technology

Restriction Endonucleases enzymes that cleave DNA molecules at specific nucleotide sequences depending on the particular enzyme used. Enzyme recognition sites are usually 4 to 6 base pairs in length. Generally, the shorter the recognition sequence, the greater the number of fragments generated.

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In the laboratory, restriction enzymes (or restriction endonucleases) are used to cut DNA into smaller fragments. The cuts are always made at specific nucleotide sequences. Different restriction enzymes recognise and cut different DNA sequences.

How are Plasmids Used in Genetic Engineering? Plasmids are used in genetic engineering to transfer foreign genetic material into different types of cells.

The plasmid DNA is a bacterial smaller, circular and extrachromosomal DNA, replicate independently- used in the genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology.

RIBONUCLEIC ACID STRUCTURE & FUNCTION: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) functions as genetic messengers and builders of the cellular world. Here are the basics on this important biomolecule.

The main difference between DNA and RNA extraction is that DNA extraction is done under pH 8 whereas RNA extraction is done under pH 4.7. DNA tends to denature and move to the organic phase at acidic pH. At alkaline pH, RNA is subjected to alkaline hydrolysis due to the presence of 2' OH in the ribose sugar.