Secondary woodlands in South Korea cover most mountains from low to middle elevations. While gene... more Secondary woodlands in South Korea cover most mountains from low to middle elevations. While general patterns of forest succession are well understood, little is known about mechanisms of stand recovery after disturbance. We examined the spatio-temporal variations in establishment, growth, size inequality, and mode of competition among trees in a 50-year-old post-logging Quercus mongolica-dominated stand. We further compared the growth and stem allometry of single trees, presumably of seed origin, with multi-stemmed trees resprouting from stumps. Q. mongolica formed the upper canopy 16–22 m tall, 88.3% of total stand basal area, and 36.2% of total stem density, with most trees established during the first post-logging decade (51.2% were resprouts). During the first three decades, the Q. mongolica recruits grew exponentially, and disproportionately more in diameter than few older reserved trees left after the last cutting. This substantially decreased size inequality. The reverse trend was observed from 1994 to 2004: larger trees grow more, indicating an increasing asymmetry of competition for light. Neighborhood analysis revealed that when target trees had more or larger neighbors, their exponential phase of growth was reduced and maximum size was decreased. After the 50 years of stand development, more than 70% of Q. mongolica showed growth decline as a result of competitive stress, and mortality was about 30%, concentrated in smaller size classes. Compared to single stems, resprouts within clones do not seem to compete less asymmetric as might be expected based on studies of clonal herbaceous plants and physiological integration within genets. As Q. mongolica was also negatively affected by competition from woody species currently prevailing in the lower tree stratum (Tilia amurensis, Acer mono, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Acer pseudosieboldianum), we predict the stand will become increasingly dominated by these more shade-tolerant trees.
New phytosociological material of xero-and psammophytic vegetation dominated by the annual grass ... more New phytosociological material of xero-and psammophytic vegetation dominated by the annual grass Aira praecox is presented for the Czech Republic. Such vegetation type has not been yet published in the Czech Republic, however Airetum praecocis has already been reported in the national checklists. For the correct syntaxonomical evaluation, the relevant data dealing with similar vegetation from the centre of its distribution range in north-western Europe were selected. In the Czech Republic, only the Airetum praecocis and the Vulpietum myuri can be distinguished. Within the Airetum praecocis, two subassociations (typicum and plantaginetosum lanceolatae) are distinguished, differing by their successional age. The Vulpietum myuri is broadly distributed in the Czech Republic representing only a marginal vegetation type with populations of Aira praecox. Based on the European review, six associations were distinguished within alliances Corynephorion canescentis, Thero-Airion and Armerion elongatae. The structure, composition, ecology, and distribution of these associations are discussed. Successional age of sand swards and soil mineral content are the main ecological gradients responsible for the vegetation variability. The Airetum praecocis prefers the centre of these environmental gradients. Its floristic composition is poor on the proportion of psammophytes, conversely, it shares common meadow species.
Vegetation with Cardaminopsis petraea was sampled by phytosociological relevés at almost all the ... more Vegetation with Cardaminopsis petraea was sampled by phytosociological relevés at almost all the known Czech sites, and characterized by indicator values, influence of potential direct solar irradiation, and bedrock type with the aid of multivariate methods. It has been declared that C. petraea prefers open natural or seminatural drier to mesophilous habitats without some preference to the bedrock. It occupies habitats with various slopes, but it prefers more extreme slants and northerly exposed slopes. The classification and ordination methods showed clear distinction between Moravian and Bohemian habitats. Apart from other types, in Bohemia this species occurs uniquely in acidophilous rock communities, whereas in Moravia it grows uniquely within calcareous grasslands. Relictness of the species was discussed in relation to the specific site conditions (light supply, disturbance regime, and geographical isolation) and to the occurrence of other rare taxa and habitats. Occurrence on some man-made habitats was also observed.
New phytosociological material of xero-and psammophytic vegetation dominated by the annual grass ... more New phytosociological material of xero-and psammophytic vegetation dominated by the annual grass Aira praecox is presented for the Czech Republic. Such vegetation type has not been yet published in the Czech Republic, however Airetum praecocis has already been reported in the national checklists. For the correct syntaxonomical evaluation, the relevant data dealing with similar vegetation from the centre of its distribution range in north-western Europe were selected. In the Czech Republic, only the Airetum praecocis and the Vulpietum myuri can be distinguished. Within the Airetum praecocis, two subassociations (typicum and plantaginetosum lanceolatae) are distinguished, differing by their successional age. The Vulpietum myuri is broadly distributed in the Czech Republic representing only a marginal vegetation type with populations of Aira praecox. Based on the European review, six associations were distinguished within alliances Corynephorion canescentis, Thero-Airion and Armerion elongatae. The structure, composition, ecology, and distribution of these associations are discussed. Successional age of sand swards and soil mineral content are the main ecological gradients responsible for the vegetation variability. The Airetum praecocis prefers the centre of these environmental gradients. Its floristic composition is poor on the proportion of psammophytes, conversely, it shares common meadow species.
Secondary woodlands in South Korea cover most mountains from low to middle elevations. While gene... more Secondary woodlands in South Korea cover most mountains from low to middle elevations. While general patterns of forest succession are well understood, little is known about mechanisms of stand recovery after disturbance. We examined the spatio-temporal variations in establishment, growth, size inequality, and mode of competition among trees in a 50-year-old post-logging Quercus mongolica-dominated stand. We further compared the growth and stem allometry of single trees, presumably of seed origin, with multi-stemmed trees resprouting from stumps. Q. mongolica formed the upper canopy 16–22 m tall, 88.3% of total stand basal area, and 36.2% of total stem density, with most trees established during the first post-logging decade (51.2% were resprouts). During the first three decades, the Q. mongolica recruits grew exponentially, and disproportionately more in diameter than few older reserved trees left after the last cutting. This substantially decreased size inequality. The reverse trend was observed from 1994 to 2004: larger trees grow more, indicating an increasing asymmetry of competition for light. Neighborhood analysis revealed that when target trees had more or larger neighbors, their exponential phase of growth was reduced and maximum size was decreased. After the 50 years of stand development, more than 70% of Q. mongolica showed growth decline as a result of competitive stress, and mortality was about 30%, concentrated in smaller size classes. Compared to single stems, resprouts within clones do not seem to compete less asymmetric as might be expected based on studies of clonal herbaceous plants and physiological integration within genets. As Q. mongolica was also negatively affected by competition from woody species currently prevailing in the lower tree stratum (Tilia amurensis, Acer mono, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Acer pseudosieboldianum), we predict the stand will become increasingly dominated by these more shade-tolerant trees.
New phytosociological material of xero-and psammophytic vegetation dominated by the annual grass ... more New phytosociological material of xero-and psammophytic vegetation dominated by the annual grass Aira praecox is presented for the Czech Republic. Such vegetation type has not been yet published in the Czech Republic, however Airetum praecocis has already been reported in the national checklists. For the correct syntaxonomical evaluation, the relevant data dealing with similar vegetation from the centre of its distribution range in north-western Europe were selected. In the Czech Republic, only the Airetum praecocis and the Vulpietum myuri can be distinguished. Within the Airetum praecocis, two subassociations (typicum and plantaginetosum lanceolatae) are distinguished, differing by their successional age. The Vulpietum myuri is broadly distributed in the Czech Republic representing only a marginal vegetation type with populations of Aira praecox. Based on the European review, six associations were distinguished within alliances Corynephorion canescentis, Thero-Airion and Armerion elongatae. The structure, composition, ecology, and distribution of these associations are discussed. Successional age of sand swards and soil mineral content are the main ecological gradients responsible for the vegetation variability. The Airetum praecocis prefers the centre of these environmental gradients. Its floristic composition is poor on the proportion of psammophytes, conversely, it shares common meadow species.
Vegetation with Cardaminopsis petraea was sampled by phytosociological relevés at almost all the ... more Vegetation with Cardaminopsis petraea was sampled by phytosociological relevés at almost all the known Czech sites, and characterized by indicator values, influence of potential direct solar irradiation, and bedrock type with the aid of multivariate methods. It has been declared that C. petraea prefers open natural or seminatural drier to mesophilous habitats without some preference to the bedrock. It occupies habitats with various slopes, but it prefers more extreme slants and northerly exposed slopes. The classification and ordination methods showed clear distinction between Moravian and Bohemian habitats. Apart from other types, in Bohemia this species occurs uniquely in acidophilous rock communities, whereas in Moravia it grows uniquely within calcareous grasslands. Relictness of the species was discussed in relation to the specific site conditions (light supply, disturbance regime, and geographical isolation) and to the occurrence of other rare taxa and habitats. Occurrence on some man-made habitats was also observed.
New phytosociological material of xero-and psammophytic vegetation dominated by the annual grass ... more New phytosociological material of xero-and psammophytic vegetation dominated by the annual grass Aira praecox is presented for the Czech Republic. Such vegetation type has not been yet published in the Czech Republic, however Airetum praecocis has already been reported in the national checklists. For the correct syntaxonomical evaluation, the relevant data dealing with similar vegetation from the centre of its distribution range in north-western Europe were selected. In the Czech Republic, only the Airetum praecocis and the Vulpietum myuri can be distinguished. Within the Airetum praecocis, two subassociations (typicum and plantaginetosum lanceolatae) are distinguished, differing by their successional age. The Vulpietum myuri is broadly distributed in the Czech Republic representing only a marginal vegetation type with populations of Aira praecox. Based on the European review, six associations were distinguished within alliances Corynephorion canescentis, Thero-Airion and Armerion elongatae. The structure, composition, ecology, and distribution of these associations are discussed. Successional age of sand swards and soil mineral content are the main ecological gradients responsible for the vegetation variability. The Airetum praecocis prefers the centre of these environmental gradients. Its floristic composition is poor on the proportion of psammophytes, conversely, it shares common meadow species.
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Papers by Tomáš Černý