IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Nov 1, 1982
The behavior of the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) can be described using four performa... more The behavior of the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) can be described using four performance measures, i.e., the probabilities of both types of error oo, CI,, and the average test lengths (or sample sires) E,, E, for the given decision problem. Whereas Bayes optimality of the SPRT is well-known from the work of Wald and Wolfowitz, there is no method to evaluate the performance measures except for Wald's approximations. We present a method to evaluate the performance measures given the thresholds of the SPRT.
Institute of Mathematics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic provides access to digi... more Institute of Mathematics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic provides access to digitized documents strictly for personal use. Each copy of any part of this document must contain these Terms of use.
Advances in intelligent systems and computing, 2019
The in-field econometric analysis with specific OLAP technology is of benefit to non-econometric ... more The in-field econometric analysis with specific OLAP technology is of benefit to non-econometric analysts for efficient analysis. Integration of the transformation of the econometric model (TEM) method with the software tool is useful for designing a multidimensional database. This research presents the design prototype of such software and its integration with an in-field TEM method to implement database specific for OLAP by a star schema. The prototype of the EM-OLAP Tool software was designed by a simple click-and-play menu using a graphical user interface and optimized to adapt the database design requirements. An algorithm for transformation of econometric models was developed to design a multidimensional schema of database according the TEM method.
Abstract Vrana et al. (2012a) presented the maximum-agreement-mean (MaxAgM) method, which aggrega... more Abstract Vrana et al. (2012a) presented the maximum-agreement-mean (MaxAgM) method, which aggregates expert opinions while focusing on points of agreement. Although MaxAgM can minimize Shannon entropy to optimize results, it has a high level of computational and conceptual complexity, yields difficult-to-interpret results, has no indicator of accuracy, and requires specialized software that is not widely available. In this paper, we present the best-compromise-mean (BeCoMe) method as a modified MaxAgM method. BeCoMe preserves the advantages of MaxAgM, but overcomes its limitations. To enable direct comparison, we applied the BeCoMe method to the same flood-prevention case study that was used to validate the original MaxAgM method. BeCoMe is a universal method, as it can be applied to evaluate environmental and educational measures, about pandemics, industries and resource issues. Here, we demonstrate the applicability of BeCoMe in real-life COVID-19 case study decisions which needed to be rapidly and efficiently made by the Czech government.
Harmful impacts of floods are the result of an interaction between extreme hydrological events an... more Harmful impacts of floods are the result of an interaction between extreme hydrological events and environmental, social, and economic processes. Flood management should consider many diverse aspects and influences and an integrated approach to flood management therefore plays an important role. In order to make an analysis and provide an adequate flood management, it is necessary to bring together a team comprising experts e.g. from the fields of hydrology and water resources, nature protection, risk management, human security, municipal administration, economics, and land use. Estimates by experts can serve finding solutions to given YES/NO problems, and estimating the value of specific attributes or parameters. It is not easy to adopt the solution which represents the best possible agreement among the participating experts, since experts and other participants can represent diverse standpoints. In particular, landowners and leaseholders upstream a catchment are often in a different position than the members of the municipal flood control committee downstream in a city with a high inhabitancy. In order to measure and evaluate the level of agreement between experts and landowners, a newly developed method for assessing the level of agreement and the τ-agreement value was applied. The aim of the present paper is to illustrate the use of a fuzzy-group-agreement decision-making procedure of this kind, involving a broad range of standpoints in a case study of the Zdravá Voda catchment, Žarošice, Czech Republic. This illustration has been made by comparison of hydrological model scenarios with the experts' decision. The method used in the paper applied towards aggregating expert proposals expressed as fuzzy quantities to propose a binary solution to estimate a decisive parameter numerical value. The decision achieved for the Zdravá Voda catchment was that the efficiency of structural measures (polder) was superior over the non-structural measures (replacement of the arable land by grassland).
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, May 1, 1993
An ambiguity problem arises if a distance is mea sured by observing a phase shift of signals wher... more An ambiguity problem arises if a distance is mea sured by observing a phase shift of signals where the range of the measured distance is greater then the wavelength of the siguals used. This ambiguity generally can be resolved by pumping extra information into the system. Then we obtain a classical estimation problem, but at the expense of reduced autonomy of the estimator due to the demand for external information not inherent to the system. The interval A of the unambiguous estimates can also be considerably extended using observations of several different wavelengths Ai. This yields A as the least common multiple of all Ai. A method of developing optimum estimation rnles for this case is introduced. Optimnm estimation rnles for some typical cases with Gaussian observation errors are ,also developed.
Institute of Mathematics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic provides access to digi... more Institute of Mathematics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic provides access to digitized documents strictly for personal use. Each copy of any part of this document must contain these Terms of use.
Business, economic, and agricultural YES-or-NO decision making problems often require multiple, d... more Business, economic, and agricultural YES-or-NO decision making problems often require multiple, different and specific expertises. This is due to the nature of such problems in which decisions may be influenced by multiple different, relevant aspects, and accordingly multiple corresponding expertises are required. Fuzzy expert systems (FESs) are widely used to model expertises due to its capability to model real world values, which are not always exact, but frequently vague or uncertain. In this research, different expertises, relevant to the decision solution, are modeled using several corresponding FESs. Every FES produces a crisp numerical output expressing the degree of bias toward "Yes" or "No" decision. A unified scale is standardized for numerical outputs of all FESs. This scale ranges from 0 to 10, where the value 0 represents a complete bias "No" decision and the value 10 represents a complete bias to "Yes" decision. Intermediate values reflect the degree of bias either to "Yes" or "No" decision. These systems are then integrated to comprehensibly judge the binary decision problem, which requires all such expertises. Practically, the main reasons for independency among the multiple FESs can be related to maintainability, decision responsibility, analyzability, knowledge cohesion and modularity, context flexibility, sensitivity of aggregate knowledge, decision consistency, etc. The proposed mechanism for realizing integration is a hierarchical fuzzy system (HFS) based model, which allows the utilization of the existing If-then knowledge about how to combine/aggregate the outputs of FESs.
Efficient modeling of the artificial intelligence tools has become a necessity in order to cut do... more Efficient modeling of the artificial intelligence tools has become a necessity in order to cut down the development and maintenance cost associated with building application systems in the business, industrial and agriculture sectors that are frequently amendable to sudden unexpected environmental and economic conditions changes. This can be accomplished through developing an efficient modeling language which exploits the beneficial features of the emerging object-oriented technology. This research is aimed at reviewing the recent scientific aspects of the research concerning conceptual modeling of fuzzy knowledge-based system, which exhibits a large extent of applicability in last few decades due to its capability to deal with vagueness, uncertainty and subjectivity, those are inherent in real world problems. The most recent researches and applications of fuzzy expert system are surveyed. The existing knowledge modeling techniques are reviewed and the prominent ones are pinpointed. This paper is intended to identify the main and common bottlenecks of the existing knowledge modeling tools to overcome it in developing a reliable conceptual model of fuzzy expert system.
The multiple, different and specific expertises are often needed in making YES-or-NO (YES/NO) dec... more The multiple, different and specific expertises are often needed in making YES-or-NO (YES/NO) decisions for treating a variety of business, economic, and agricultural decision problems. This is due to the nature of such problems in which decisions are influenced by multiple factors, and accordingly multiple corresponding expertises are required. Fuzzy expert systems (FESs) are widely used to model expertise due to its capability to model real world values which are not always exact, but frequently vague, or uncertain. In addition, they are able to incorporate qualitative factors. The problem of integrating multiple fuzzy expert systems involves several independent and autonomous fuzzy expert systems arranged synergistically to suit a varying problem context. Every expert system participates in judging the problem based on a predefined match between problem context and the required specific expertises. In this research, multiple FESs are integrated through combining their crisp numerical outputs, which reflect the degree of bias to the Yes/No subjective answers. The reasons for independency can be related to maintainability, decision responsibility, analyzability, knowledge cohesion and modularity, context flexibility, sensitivity of aggregate knowledge, decision consistency, etc. This article presents simple algorithms to integrate multiple parallel FES under specific requirements: preserving the extreme crisp output values, providing for null or non-participating expertises, and considering decision-related expert systems, which are true requirements of a currently held project. The presented results provides a theoretical framework, which can bring advantage to decision making is many disciplines, as e.g. new product launching decision, food quality tracking, monitoring of suspicious deviation of the business processes from the standard performance, tax and customs declaration issues, control and logistic of food chains/networks, etc.
This paper will focus on the development trends of enterprise information infrastructure which wi... more This paper will focus on the development trends of enterprise information infrastructure which will take into account an effective management of institution as well as integration of the existing technologies and systems. A special focus will aimed at the new Smart Enterprise Suites (SES), which should provide for convergence and integration of the originally single systems as portals, content management and collaboration. The author presented part of these results also at the Agrarian Perspectives Conference 2005 in the applied informatics session.
Advances in intelligent systems and computing, 2019
The complexity of current economic phenomena and their analysis requires increasingly complex met... more The complexity of current economic phenomena and their analysis requires increasingly complex methods of both statistical and mathematical nature. In this article, we present the idea of using a multi-agent paradigm to process an econometric analysis more efficiently. We present a conceptual model of multi-agent system (MAES) to support econometric tasks. This concept is shown on the procedure of verification of the prognostic properties in a multi-agent system. We consider three agents, which calculate the normalized deviations for each time series. In our case study, the agent sends the entire pivot table to the decision component in the multi-agent system and the result of the prognostic properties verification of its econometric model. Our MAES proposal has four additional components: econometric data component, sensing data component, data processing agent, decision-making component and environment.
AGRIS on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, Sep 30, 2017
This paper summarizes the current knowledge of business process modelling languages, which is inc... more This paper summarizes the current knowledge of business process modelling languages, which is increasingly important also in the agri-food industry. It describes the history of business process modelling, currently mostly used alternatives-UML, BPMN, EPC and recaps their strengths and features in which they outperform the others. As demonstrated all three notations can adequately model business processes. They do however differ in some specific features. In some aspects, each of the languages always outperforms the others. Important is that except of some general objective features where the languages differ, there is also a lot of subjective perception of how the single notations perform.
The reliance on experts' decision is considered a very efficient solution especially in case of i... more The reliance on experts' decision is considered a very efficient solution especially in case of ill-structured and vague decision making situations. This necessitates being able to identify the expert or experts group whose decision must be particularly assigned a greater weight or importance. This paper is concerned with a method of how to determine the weights of a group of expert decision makers, taking into account the vagueness associated with such evaluation.
Institute of Mathematics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic provides access to digi... more Institute of Mathematics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic provides access to digitized documents strictly for personal use. Each copy of any part of this document must contain these Terms of use.
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Nov 1, 1982
The behavior of the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) can be described using four performa... more The behavior of the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) can be described using four performance measures, i.e., the probabilities of both types of error oo, CI,, and the average test lengths (or sample sires) E,, E, for the given decision problem. Whereas Bayes optimality of the SPRT is well-known from the work of Wald and Wolfowitz, there is no method to evaluate the performance measures except for Wald's approximations. We present a method to evaluate the performance measures given the thresholds of the SPRT.
Institute of Mathematics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic provides access to digi... more Institute of Mathematics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic provides access to digitized documents strictly for personal use. Each copy of any part of this document must contain these Terms of use.
Advances in intelligent systems and computing, 2019
The in-field econometric analysis with specific OLAP technology is of benefit to non-econometric ... more The in-field econometric analysis with specific OLAP technology is of benefit to non-econometric analysts for efficient analysis. Integration of the transformation of the econometric model (TEM) method with the software tool is useful for designing a multidimensional database. This research presents the design prototype of such software and its integration with an in-field TEM method to implement database specific for OLAP by a star schema. The prototype of the EM-OLAP Tool software was designed by a simple click-and-play menu using a graphical user interface and optimized to adapt the database design requirements. An algorithm for transformation of econometric models was developed to design a multidimensional schema of database according the TEM method.
Abstract Vrana et al. (2012a) presented the maximum-agreement-mean (MaxAgM) method, which aggrega... more Abstract Vrana et al. (2012a) presented the maximum-agreement-mean (MaxAgM) method, which aggregates expert opinions while focusing on points of agreement. Although MaxAgM can minimize Shannon entropy to optimize results, it has a high level of computational and conceptual complexity, yields difficult-to-interpret results, has no indicator of accuracy, and requires specialized software that is not widely available. In this paper, we present the best-compromise-mean (BeCoMe) method as a modified MaxAgM method. BeCoMe preserves the advantages of MaxAgM, but overcomes its limitations. To enable direct comparison, we applied the BeCoMe method to the same flood-prevention case study that was used to validate the original MaxAgM method. BeCoMe is a universal method, as it can be applied to evaluate environmental and educational measures, about pandemics, industries and resource issues. Here, we demonstrate the applicability of BeCoMe in real-life COVID-19 case study decisions which needed to be rapidly and efficiently made by the Czech government.
Harmful impacts of floods are the result of an interaction between extreme hydrological events an... more Harmful impacts of floods are the result of an interaction between extreme hydrological events and environmental, social, and economic processes. Flood management should consider many diverse aspects and influences and an integrated approach to flood management therefore plays an important role. In order to make an analysis and provide an adequate flood management, it is necessary to bring together a team comprising experts e.g. from the fields of hydrology and water resources, nature protection, risk management, human security, municipal administration, economics, and land use. Estimates by experts can serve finding solutions to given YES/NO problems, and estimating the value of specific attributes or parameters. It is not easy to adopt the solution which represents the best possible agreement among the participating experts, since experts and other participants can represent diverse standpoints. In particular, landowners and leaseholders upstream a catchment are often in a different position than the members of the municipal flood control committee downstream in a city with a high inhabitancy. In order to measure and evaluate the level of agreement between experts and landowners, a newly developed method for assessing the level of agreement and the τ-agreement value was applied. The aim of the present paper is to illustrate the use of a fuzzy-group-agreement decision-making procedure of this kind, involving a broad range of standpoints in a case study of the Zdravá Voda catchment, Žarošice, Czech Republic. This illustration has been made by comparison of hydrological model scenarios with the experts' decision. The method used in the paper applied towards aggregating expert proposals expressed as fuzzy quantities to propose a binary solution to estimate a decisive parameter numerical value. The decision achieved for the Zdravá Voda catchment was that the efficiency of structural measures (polder) was superior over the non-structural measures (replacement of the arable land by grassland).
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, May 1, 1993
An ambiguity problem arises if a distance is mea sured by observing a phase shift of signals wher... more An ambiguity problem arises if a distance is mea sured by observing a phase shift of signals where the range of the measured distance is greater then the wavelength of the siguals used. This ambiguity generally can be resolved by pumping extra information into the system. Then we obtain a classical estimation problem, but at the expense of reduced autonomy of the estimator due to the demand for external information not inherent to the system. The interval A of the unambiguous estimates can also be considerably extended using observations of several different wavelengths Ai. This yields A as the least common multiple of all Ai. A method of developing optimum estimation rnles for this case is introduced. Optimnm estimation rnles for some typical cases with Gaussian observation errors are ,also developed.
Institute of Mathematics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic provides access to digi... more Institute of Mathematics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic provides access to digitized documents strictly for personal use. Each copy of any part of this document must contain these Terms of use.
Business, economic, and agricultural YES-or-NO decision making problems often require multiple, d... more Business, economic, and agricultural YES-or-NO decision making problems often require multiple, different and specific expertises. This is due to the nature of such problems in which decisions may be influenced by multiple different, relevant aspects, and accordingly multiple corresponding expertises are required. Fuzzy expert systems (FESs) are widely used to model expertises due to its capability to model real world values, which are not always exact, but frequently vague or uncertain. In this research, different expertises, relevant to the decision solution, are modeled using several corresponding FESs. Every FES produces a crisp numerical output expressing the degree of bias toward "Yes" or "No" decision. A unified scale is standardized for numerical outputs of all FESs. This scale ranges from 0 to 10, where the value 0 represents a complete bias "No" decision and the value 10 represents a complete bias to "Yes" decision. Intermediate values reflect the degree of bias either to "Yes" or "No" decision. These systems are then integrated to comprehensibly judge the binary decision problem, which requires all such expertises. Practically, the main reasons for independency among the multiple FESs can be related to maintainability, decision responsibility, analyzability, knowledge cohesion and modularity, context flexibility, sensitivity of aggregate knowledge, decision consistency, etc. The proposed mechanism for realizing integration is a hierarchical fuzzy system (HFS) based model, which allows the utilization of the existing If-then knowledge about how to combine/aggregate the outputs of FESs.
Efficient modeling of the artificial intelligence tools has become a necessity in order to cut do... more Efficient modeling of the artificial intelligence tools has become a necessity in order to cut down the development and maintenance cost associated with building application systems in the business, industrial and agriculture sectors that are frequently amendable to sudden unexpected environmental and economic conditions changes. This can be accomplished through developing an efficient modeling language which exploits the beneficial features of the emerging object-oriented technology. This research is aimed at reviewing the recent scientific aspects of the research concerning conceptual modeling of fuzzy knowledge-based system, which exhibits a large extent of applicability in last few decades due to its capability to deal with vagueness, uncertainty and subjectivity, those are inherent in real world problems. The most recent researches and applications of fuzzy expert system are surveyed. The existing knowledge modeling techniques are reviewed and the prominent ones are pinpointed. This paper is intended to identify the main and common bottlenecks of the existing knowledge modeling tools to overcome it in developing a reliable conceptual model of fuzzy expert system.
The multiple, different and specific expertises are often needed in making YES-or-NO (YES/NO) dec... more The multiple, different and specific expertises are often needed in making YES-or-NO (YES/NO) decisions for treating a variety of business, economic, and agricultural decision problems. This is due to the nature of such problems in which decisions are influenced by multiple factors, and accordingly multiple corresponding expertises are required. Fuzzy expert systems (FESs) are widely used to model expertise due to its capability to model real world values which are not always exact, but frequently vague, or uncertain. In addition, they are able to incorporate qualitative factors. The problem of integrating multiple fuzzy expert systems involves several independent and autonomous fuzzy expert systems arranged synergistically to suit a varying problem context. Every expert system participates in judging the problem based on a predefined match between problem context and the required specific expertises. In this research, multiple FESs are integrated through combining their crisp numerical outputs, which reflect the degree of bias to the Yes/No subjective answers. The reasons for independency can be related to maintainability, decision responsibility, analyzability, knowledge cohesion and modularity, context flexibility, sensitivity of aggregate knowledge, decision consistency, etc. This article presents simple algorithms to integrate multiple parallel FES under specific requirements: preserving the extreme crisp output values, providing for null or non-participating expertises, and considering decision-related expert systems, which are true requirements of a currently held project. The presented results provides a theoretical framework, which can bring advantage to decision making is many disciplines, as e.g. new product launching decision, food quality tracking, monitoring of suspicious deviation of the business processes from the standard performance, tax and customs declaration issues, control and logistic of food chains/networks, etc.
This paper will focus on the development trends of enterprise information infrastructure which wi... more This paper will focus on the development trends of enterprise information infrastructure which will take into account an effective management of institution as well as integration of the existing technologies and systems. A special focus will aimed at the new Smart Enterprise Suites (SES), which should provide for convergence and integration of the originally single systems as portals, content management and collaboration. The author presented part of these results also at the Agrarian Perspectives Conference 2005 in the applied informatics session.
Advances in intelligent systems and computing, 2019
The complexity of current economic phenomena and their analysis requires increasingly complex met... more The complexity of current economic phenomena and their analysis requires increasingly complex methods of both statistical and mathematical nature. In this article, we present the idea of using a multi-agent paradigm to process an econometric analysis more efficiently. We present a conceptual model of multi-agent system (MAES) to support econometric tasks. This concept is shown on the procedure of verification of the prognostic properties in a multi-agent system. We consider three agents, which calculate the normalized deviations for each time series. In our case study, the agent sends the entire pivot table to the decision component in the multi-agent system and the result of the prognostic properties verification of its econometric model. Our MAES proposal has four additional components: econometric data component, sensing data component, data processing agent, decision-making component and environment.
AGRIS on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, Sep 30, 2017
This paper summarizes the current knowledge of business process modelling languages, which is inc... more This paper summarizes the current knowledge of business process modelling languages, which is increasingly important also in the agri-food industry. It describes the history of business process modelling, currently mostly used alternatives-UML, BPMN, EPC and recaps their strengths and features in which they outperform the others. As demonstrated all three notations can adequately model business processes. They do however differ in some specific features. In some aspects, each of the languages always outperforms the others. Important is that except of some general objective features where the languages differ, there is also a lot of subjective perception of how the single notations perform.
The reliance on experts' decision is considered a very efficient solution especially in case of i... more The reliance on experts' decision is considered a very efficient solution especially in case of ill-structured and vague decision making situations. This necessitates being able to identify the expert or experts group whose decision must be particularly assigned a greater weight or importance. This paper is concerned with a method of how to determine the weights of a group of expert decision makers, taking into account the vagueness associated with such evaluation.
Institute of Mathematics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic provides access to digi... more Institute of Mathematics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic provides access to digitized documents strictly for personal use. Each copy of any part of this document must contain these Terms of use.
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