The contents of this site is subject to the French law on intellectual property and is the exclus... more The contents of this site is subject to the French law on intellectual property and is the exclusive property of the publisher. The works on this site can be accessed and reproduced on paper or digital media, provided that they are strictly used for personal, scientific or educational purposes excluding any commercial exploitation. Reproduction must necessarily mention the editor, the journal name, the author and the document reference. Any other reproduction is strictly forbidden without permission of the publisher, except in cases provided by legislation
A partir d'une reformulation du concept de l'unite de travail (en chinois danwei), cette ... more A partir d'une reformulation du concept de l'unite de travail (en chinois danwei), cette these analyse les evolutions de la societe urbaine chinoise entre 1978 et 2004. La danwei est posee comme constituee par des pratiques du Parti-Etat qui deploie son action en s'appuyant sur les lieux de travail plutot que sur son appareil administratif. Les reformes economiques ont conduit non pas a un affaiblissement de cette danwei, mais au contraire a son renforcement. Ce n'est qu'a la fin des annees 1990 que des tensions economiques et sociales ont conduit les autorites a demanteler les unites de travail, et a experimenter de nouvelles formes d'intervention sociale. Ces dernieres sont marquees par l'heritage de la danwei, le Parti-Etat tentant de s'appuyer sur de nouvelles communautes locales stables, les shequ, pour maintenir sa capacite a controler, reguler et organiser la societe urbaine. La these propose une etude de la societe chinoise a travers ces recon...
The emergence of the individual is one of the most profound and significant evolutions of Chinese... more The emergence of the individual is one of the most profound and significant evolutions of Chinese society that has accompanied economic reforms since the late 1970s. Existing research frequently uses a dual concept of ‘individualist’ versus ‘collectivist’ societies to approach the lives of urban Chinese. In the case of same‐sex attracted persons, as they often hide their sexual orientation in most of their social life and must respect social norms of filial piety and marriage, it is easy to conclude that today's urban China continues to be primarily a ‘collectivist’ society where the individual remains fragile. Using a long‐term ethnography of same‐sex attracted migrant men who gather in a public park to create a community of friends and invent some shared cultural and social traits, this paper proposes to deepen the analysis by borrowing the distinction between three different attitudes towards individualism developed by Michel Foucault. It will argue that these men actively co...
This study explores the way in which some Chinese gay men negotiate dance performances in parks a... more This study explores the way in which some Chinese gay men negotiate dance performances in parks and other public spaces in an attempt to invent and experiment with 'possible selves'. In most circumstances, these same men conceal their sexual orientation for fear of stigma and discrimination, experiencing in the process something of a 'divided self'. Little attention has been given to understanding the way such individuals negotiate and construct same-sex experiences, especially through the negotiation of specific and restricted social interactions and performances. Based on participant observation with a group of dancers practising in a Chinese public park, this paper analyses how these men explore same-sex relations and lifestyles through the circumscribed performance of collective public dance.
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2017
We examined the mediating roles of coping, depression, anxiety, and encountering difficult sexual... more We examined the mediating roles of coping, depression, anxiety, and encountering difficult sexual situations in explaining the association between stigma against men who have sex with men (MSM) and HIV risk. We conducted path analyses using longitudinal data collected from 493 Chinese MSM in Beijing at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months from 2011 to 2013. MSM stigma, specifically anticipations of stigma, had a marginally significant, protective total effect on unprotected anal intercourse at 12 months. This overall association, however, was the byproduct of 5 significant, indirect associations (3 risk enhancing, 2 protective) that routed through coping, anxiety, and difficult sexual situations. Of note, heavier use of avoidant coping principally had a protective effect on risk behavior by decreasing difficult sexual situations. Interventions to reduce avoidant coping would be an important tool for improving the emotional well-being of Chinese MSM. Such interventions, however, must be...
Ce livre est le fruit d’un travail de traduction mené de manière collective. Dès l’origine du pro... more Ce livre est le fruit d’un travail de traduction mené de manière collective. Dès l’origine du projet, nous avons cherché à concilier deux exigences : rester au plus près du texte pour donner à lire la pensée chinoise telle qu’elle s’organise, et dans le même temps assurer que le choix des termes et expressions permette l’échange et la discussion entre les deux cultures scientifiques. Ainsi, en ce qui concerne la traduction des objets, concepts et notions plus modernes, qui a représenté l’esse..
Asia’s trading and financial hubs have become global cities which frequently have more in common ... more Asia’s trading and financial hubs have become global cities which frequently have more in common and closer linkages with each other than with their corresponding hinterlands. As this book expounds, these global cities illustrate to what extent world trends deeply penetrate and permeate the national territorial interiors and processes that were otherwise presumed to be controlled by the State.
The emergence of the individual is one of the most profound and significant evolutions of Chinese... more The emergence of the individual is one of the most profound and significant evolutions of Chinese society that has accompanied economic reforms since the late 1970s. Existing research frequently uses a dual concept of ‘individualist’ versus ‘collectivist’ societies to approach the lives of urban Chinese. In the case of same-sex attracted persons, as they often hide their sexual orientation in most of their social life and must respect social norms of filial piety and marriage, it is easy to conclude that today’s urban China continues to be primarily a ‘collectivist’ society where the individual remains fragile. Using a long-term ethnography of same-sex attracted migrant men who gather in a public park to create a community of friends and invent some shared cultural and social traits, this paper proposes to deepen the analysis by borrowing the distinction between three different attitudes towards individualism developed by Michel Foucault. It will argue that these men actively construct specific spaces where they can live a private life, as well as experiment and explore their self. Therefore, these men display a more complex articulation between some aspects of a ‘collectivist’ ethos and the strengthening of individual traits.
This study explores the way in which some Chinese gay men negotiate dance performances in parks a... more This study explores the way in which some Chinese gay men negotiate dance performances in parks and other public spaces in an attempt to invent and experiment with ‘possible selves’. In most circumstances, these same men conceal their sexual orientation for fear of stigma and discrimination, experiencing in the process something of a ‘divided self’. Little attention has been given to understanding the way such individuals negotiate and construct same-sex experiences, especially through the negotiation of specific and restricted social interactions and performances. Based on participant observation with a group of dancers practising in a Chinese public park, this paper analyses how these men explore same-sex relations and lifestyles through the circumscribed performance of collective public dance.
ABSTRACT À partir d’entretiens menés auprès de jeunes homosexuels de Hefei (Anhui), cet article e... more ABSTRACT À partir d’entretiens menés auprès de jeunes homosexuels de Hefei (Anhui), cet article explore les modes précaires de socialisation de jeunes tongzhi, centrés autour de l’internet et de petits groupes d’amis. Leur difficulté à construire une identité fondée sur la sexualité apparaît dans le contexte de normes et de rôles sociaux qu’ils ne peuvent se résoudre à braver, avant tout en raison de sentiments de respect et de devoir envers leurs parents.
The direct link between stigma against sexual minorities and psychological distress is well estab... more The direct link between stigma against sexual minorities and psychological distress is well established. However, few studies have examined the potential mediating roles of avoidant and social support coping in the relationships between internalized and anticipated stigma associated with homosexuality and depressive symptoms and anxiety among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM). We recruited a longitudinal sample of 493 MSM in Beijing, China from 2011 to 2012. Participants completed computer-based questionnaires at baseline, 6, and 12 months. We found significant indirect effects of anticipated MSM stigma on symptoms of both depression and anxiety via avoidant coping: anticipated MSM stigma at baseline was significantly associated with avoidant coping (B = 0.523, p < 0.001) at 6 months and, conditional on anticipated MSM stigma, avoidant coping had a significant positive effect on depressive symptoms and anxiety at 12 months (B = 0.069, p = 0.001 and B = 0.071, p = 0.014). In contrast, no significant indirect effects of anticipated MSM stigma on either psychological distress outcome via social support coping were found. No significant indirect effects of internalized MSM stigma via either avoidant or social support coping were found. These results underscore the need for interventions that address anticipations of stigma and the use of avoidant coping techniques to manage such anticipations.
Introduction: Stigma constitutes a critical challenge to the rising rates of HIV among Chinese me... more Introduction: Stigma constitutes a critical challenge to the rising rates of HIV among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM). It reduces willingness to disclose one's sexual orientation and can lead to concurrent sexual partnerships. Disclosure decisions are also affected by cultural norms that place pressures on sons to marry. In this manuscript, we characterize how stigma and cultural factors influenced Chinese MSM's decisions around disclosure and marriage. We seek to show that MSM's actions were motivated by moral considerations, even when those choices posed HIV transmission risks.
Based on interviews with young homosexuals in Hefei, Anhui Province, this article examines the pr... more Based on interviews with young homosexuals in Hefei, Anhui Province, this article examines the precarious modes of socialisation of young tongzhi (a term often used by gay people to refer to themselves), centred on the Internet and small groups of friends. The difficulty they have in constructing an identity based on sexuality stands out in the context of social norms and roles they cannot resolve to defy, above all because of their feelings of respect and duty towards their parents.
This study is based on a large-scale household survey and in-depth interviews of key informants t... more This study is based on a large-scale household survey and in-depth interviews of key informants that was conducted in villages in three counties of two provinces in China. We assess the new decentralized service provision system for people living with HIV/AIDS in rural populations in China. Since 2003, new social assistance schemes, and, more importantly, decentralization of routine treatment and care to community health stations, were progressively implemented in rural areas most affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Though some problems remain, such as persistent discrimination towards infected patients and the lack of sufficient training of medical staff, the new decentralized pattern of service provision has lowered barriers to health access and alleviated economic pressure on affected households.
Background: A coordinated response to HIV/AIDS remains one of the 'grand challenges' facing polic... more Background: A coordinated response to HIV/AIDS remains one of the 'grand challenges' facing policymakers today. Global health initiatives (GHIs) have the potential both to facilitate and exacerbate coordination at the national and subnational level. Evidence of the effects of GHIs on coordination is beginning to emerge but has hitherto been limited to single-country studies and broad-brush reviews. To date, no study has provided a focused synthesis of the effects of GHIs on national and subnational health systems across multiple countries. To address this deficit, we review primary data from seven country studies on the effects of three GHIs on coordination of HIV/AIDS programmes: the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), and the World Bank's HIV/AIDS programmes including the Multi-country AIDS Programme (MAP).
The contents of this site is subject to the French law on intellectual property and is the exclus... more The contents of this site is subject to the French law on intellectual property and is the exclusive property of the publisher. The works on this site can be accessed and reproduced on paper or digital media, provided that they are strictly used for personal, scientific or educational purposes excluding any commercial exploitation. Reproduction must necessarily mention the editor, the journal name, the author and the document reference. Any other reproduction is strictly forbidden without permission of the publisher, except in cases provided by legislation
A partir d'une reformulation du concept de l'unite de travail (en chinois danwei), cette ... more A partir d'une reformulation du concept de l'unite de travail (en chinois danwei), cette these analyse les evolutions de la societe urbaine chinoise entre 1978 et 2004. La danwei est posee comme constituee par des pratiques du Parti-Etat qui deploie son action en s'appuyant sur les lieux de travail plutot que sur son appareil administratif. Les reformes economiques ont conduit non pas a un affaiblissement de cette danwei, mais au contraire a son renforcement. Ce n'est qu'a la fin des annees 1990 que des tensions economiques et sociales ont conduit les autorites a demanteler les unites de travail, et a experimenter de nouvelles formes d'intervention sociale. Ces dernieres sont marquees par l'heritage de la danwei, le Parti-Etat tentant de s'appuyer sur de nouvelles communautes locales stables, les shequ, pour maintenir sa capacite a controler, reguler et organiser la societe urbaine. La these propose une etude de la societe chinoise a travers ces recon...
The emergence of the individual is one of the most profound and significant evolutions of Chinese... more The emergence of the individual is one of the most profound and significant evolutions of Chinese society that has accompanied economic reforms since the late 1970s. Existing research frequently uses a dual concept of ‘individualist’ versus ‘collectivist’ societies to approach the lives of urban Chinese. In the case of same‐sex attracted persons, as they often hide their sexual orientation in most of their social life and must respect social norms of filial piety and marriage, it is easy to conclude that today's urban China continues to be primarily a ‘collectivist’ society where the individual remains fragile. Using a long‐term ethnography of same‐sex attracted migrant men who gather in a public park to create a community of friends and invent some shared cultural and social traits, this paper proposes to deepen the analysis by borrowing the distinction between three different attitudes towards individualism developed by Michel Foucault. It will argue that these men actively co...
This study explores the way in which some Chinese gay men negotiate dance performances in parks a... more This study explores the way in which some Chinese gay men negotiate dance performances in parks and other public spaces in an attempt to invent and experiment with 'possible selves'. In most circumstances, these same men conceal their sexual orientation for fear of stigma and discrimination, experiencing in the process something of a 'divided self'. Little attention has been given to understanding the way such individuals negotiate and construct same-sex experiences, especially through the negotiation of specific and restricted social interactions and performances. Based on participant observation with a group of dancers practising in a Chinese public park, this paper analyses how these men explore same-sex relations and lifestyles through the circumscribed performance of collective public dance.
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2017
We examined the mediating roles of coping, depression, anxiety, and encountering difficult sexual... more We examined the mediating roles of coping, depression, anxiety, and encountering difficult sexual situations in explaining the association between stigma against men who have sex with men (MSM) and HIV risk. We conducted path analyses using longitudinal data collected from 493 Chinese MSM in Beijing at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months from 2011 to 2013. MSM stigma, specifically anticipations of stigma, had a marginally significant, protective total effect on unprotected anal intercourse at 12 months. This overall association, however, was the byproduct of 5 significant, indirect associations (3 risk enhancing, 2 protective) that routed through coping, anxiety, and difficult sexual situations. Of note, heavier use of avoidant coping principally had a protective effect on risk behavior by decreasing difficult sexual situations. Interventions to reduce avoidant coping would be an important tool for improving the emotional well-being of Chinese MSM. Such interventions, however, must be...
Ce livre est le fruit d’un travail de traduction mené de manière collective. Dès l’origine du pro... more Ce livre est le fruit d’un travail de traduction mené de manière collective. Dès l’origine du projet, nous avons cherché à concilier deux exigences : rester au plus près du texte pour donner à lire la pensée chinoise telle qu’elle s’organise, et dans le même temps assurer que le choix des termes et expressions permette l’échange et la discussion entre les deux cultures scientifiques. Ainsi, en ce qui concerne la traduction des objets, concepts et notions plus modernes, qui a représenté l’esse..
Asia’s trading and financial hubs have become global cities which frequently have more in common ... more Asia’s trading and financial hubs have become global cities which frequently have more in common and closer linkages with each other than with their corresponding hinterlands. As this book expounds, these global cities illustrate to what extent world trends deeply penetrate and permeate the national territorial interiors and processes that were otherwise presumed to be controlled by the State.
The emergence of the individual is one of the most profound and significant evolutions of Chinese... more The emergence of the individual is one of the most profound and significant evolutions of Chinese society that has accompanied economic reforms since the late 1970s. Existing research frequently uses a dual concept of ‘individualist’ versus ‘collectivist’ societies to approach the lives of urban Chinese. In the case of same-sex attracted persons, as they often hide their sexual orientation in most of their social life and must respect social norms of filial piety and marriage, it is easy to conclude that today’s urban China continues to be primarily a ‘collectivist’ society where the individual remains fragile. Using a long-term ethnography of same-sex attracted migrant men who gather in a public park to create a community of friends and invent some shared cultural and social traits, this paper proposes to deepen the analysis by borrowing the distinction between three different attitudes towards individualism developed by Michel Foucault. It will argue that these men actively construct specific spaces where they can live a private life, as well as experiment and explore their self. Therefore, these men display a more complex articulation between some aspects of a ‘collectivist’ ethos and the strengthening of individual traits.
This study explores the way in which some Chinese gay men negotiate dance performances in parks a... more This study explores the way in which some Chinese gay men negotiate dance performances in parks and other public spaces in an attempt to invent and experiment with ‘possible selves’. In most circumstances, these same men conceal their sexual orientation for fear of stigma and discrimination, experiencing in the process something of a ‘divided self’. Little attention has been given to understanding the way such individuals negotiate and construct same-sex experiences, especially through the negotiation of specific and restricted social interactions and performances. Based on participant observation with a group of dancers practising in a Chinese public park, this paper analyses how these men explore same-sex relations and lifestyles through the circumscribed performance of collective public dance.
ABSTRACT À partir d’entretiens menés auprès de jeunes homosexuels de Hefei (Anhui), cet article e... more ABSTRACT À partir d’entretiens menés auprès de jeunes homosexuels de Hefei (Anhui), cet article explore les modes précaires de socialisation de jeunes tongzhi, centrés autour de l’internet et de petits groupes d’amis. Leur difficulté à construire une identité fondée sur la sexualité apparaît dans le contexte de normes et de rôles sociaux qu’ils ne peuvent se résoudre à braver, avant tout en raison de sentiments de respect et de devoir envers leurs parents.
The direct link between stigma against sexual minorities and psychological distress is well estab... more The direct link between stigma against sexual minorities and psychological distress is well established. However, few studies have examined the potential mediating roles of avoidant and social support coping in the relationships between internalized and anticipated stigma associated with homosexuality and depressive symptoms and anxiety among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM). We recruited a longitudinal sample of 493 MSM in Beijing, China from 2011 to 2012. Participants completed computer-based questionnaires at baseline, 6, and 12 months. We found significant indirect effects of anticipated MSM stigma on symptoms of both depression and anxiety via avoidant coping: anticipated MSM stigma at baseline was significantly associated with avoidant coping (B = 0.523, p < 0.001) at 6 months and, conditional on anticipated MSM stigma, avoidant coping had a significant positive effect on depressive symptoms and anxiety at 12 months (B = 0.069, p = 0.001 and B = 0.071, p = 0.014). In contrast, no significant indirect effects of anticipated MSM stigma on either psychological distress outcome via social support coping were found. No significant indirect effects of internalized MSM stigma via either avoidant or social support coping were found. These results underscore the need for interventions that address anticipations of stigma and the use of avoidant coping techniques to manage such anticipations.
Introduction: Stigma constitutes a critical challenge to the rising rates of HIV among Chinese me... more Introduction: Stigma constitutes a critical challenge to the rising rates of HIV among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM). It reduces willingness to disclose one's sexual orientation and can lead to concurrent sexual partnerships. Disclosure decisions are also affected by cultural norms that place pressures on sons to marry. In this manuscript, we characterize how stigma and cultural factors influenced Chinese MSM's decisions around disclosure and marriage. We seek to show that MSM's actions were motivated by moral considerations, even when those choices posed HIV transmission risks.
Based on interviews with young homosexuals in Hefei, Anhui Province, this article examines the pr... more Based on interviews with young homosexuals in Hefei, Anhui Province, this article examines the precarious modes of socialisation of young tongzhi (a term often used by gay people to refer to themselves), centred on the Internet and small groups of friends. The difficulty they have in constructing an identity based on sexuality stands out in the context of social norms and roles they cannot resolve to defy, above all because of their feelings of respect and duty towards their parents.
This study is based on a large-scale household survey and in-depth interviews of key informants t... more This study is based on a large-scale household survey and in-depth interviews of key informants that was conducted in villages in three counties of two provinces in China. We assess the new decentralized service provision system for people living with HIV/AIDS in rural populations in China. Since 2003, new social assistance schemes, and, more importantly, decentralization of routine treatment and care to community health stations, were progressively implemented in rural areas most affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Though some problems remain, such as persistent discrimination towards infected patients and the lack of sufficient training of medical staff, the new decentralized pattern of service provision has lowered barriers to health access and alleviated economic pressure on affected households.
Background: A coordinated response to HIV/AIDS remains one of the 'grand challenges' facing polic... more Background: A coordinated response to HIV/AIDS remains one of the 'grand challenges' facing policymakers today. Global health initiatives (GHIs) have the potential both to facilitate and exacerbate coordination at the national and subnational level. Evidence of the effects of GHIs on coordination is beginning to emerge but has hitherto been limited to single-country studies and broad-brush reviews. To date, no study has provided a focused synthesis of the effects of GHIs on national and subnational health systems across multiple countries. To address this deficit, we review primary data from seven country studies on the effects of three GHIs on coordination of HIV/AIDS programmes: the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), and the World Bank's HIV/AIDS programmes including the Multi-country AIDS Programme (MAP).
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