Chapter 1: Update on Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODSs) and Other Gases of Interest to the Montreal Protocol
Coordinating Lead Authors
Johannes C. Laube Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Energy and Climate Research: Stratosphere (IEK-7), Germany
Susann Tegtmeier University of Saskatchewan, Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, Canada
Co-Authors
Rafael Pedro Fernandez Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (ICB), National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
Jeremy Harrison National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), UK
Lei Hu University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, USA
Paul Krummel Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Oceans and Atmosphere, Climate Science Centre, Australia
Emmanuel Mahieu University of Liège, Belgium
Sunyoung Park Kyunpook National University, School of Earth System Sciences, Department of Oceanography, South Korea
Luke Western University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, UK
Contributing Authors
Elliot Atlas University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, USA
Peter Bernath Old Dominion University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, USA
Geoff Dutton NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, USA
Lucien Froidevaux NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA
Ryan Hossaini Lancaster University, UK
Timo Keber Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Germany
Theodore K. Koenig Peking University, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, China
Stephen A. Montzka NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, USA
Jens Mühle University of California San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, USA
Simon O’Doherty University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, UK
David E. Oram University of East Anglia, School of Environmental Sciences, UK
Klaus Pfeilsticker University of Heidelberg, Institut für Umweltphysik, Germany
Maxime Prignon Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Earth, Space and Environment, Sweden
Birgit Quack GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany
Matt Rigby University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, UK
Meike Rotermund University of Heidelberg, Institut für Umweltphysik, Germany
Takuya Saito National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
Isobel J. Simpson University of California Irvine, Department of Chemistry, USA
Dan Smale National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), New Zealand
Martin K. Vollmer Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Switzerland
Dickon Young University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, UK
Review Editors
Andreas Engel Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Frankfurt, Germany
Bo Yao Fudan University, China
Chapter 2: Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
Coordinating Lead Authors
Qing Liang NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA
Matt Rigby University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, UK
Co-Authors
Xuekun Fang Zhejiang University, China
Dave Godwin U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Stratospheric Protection Division, USA
Jens Mühle University of California San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, USA
Takuya Saito National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
Kieran Stanley Institute of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Germany
Guus J. M. Velders National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) & Utrecht University, Netherlands
Contributing Authors
Peter Bernath Old Dominion University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, USA
Nada Derek Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australiav
Stefan Reimann Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Switzerland
Isobel J. Simpson University of California Irvine, Department of Chemistry, USA
Luke Western University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, UK
Review Editors
Steven A. Montzka NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, USA
Martin K. Vollmer Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Switzerland
Chapter 3: Update on Global Ozone: Past, Present, and Future
Coordinating Lead Authors
Birgit Hassler Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Germany
Paul Young Lancaster University, UK
Co-Authors
William T. Ball Delft University of Technology, Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Netherlands
Robert Damadeo NASA Langley Research Center, USA
James Keeble National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), UK
Elaine Maillard Barras Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Switzerland
Viktoria F. Sofieva Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Finland
Guang Zeng National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), New Zealand
Contributing Authors
Matt Amos Lancaster University, Lancaster Environment Centre, UK
Niramson Azouz Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), France
Melanie Coldewey-Egbers Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR), Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Germany
Lawrence Coy Science Systems and Applications, Inc. (SSAI) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA
Simone Dietmüller Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Germany
Sandip S. Dhomse University of Leeds, School of Earth and Environment, UK
Sophie Godin-Beekman Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Centre National de la
Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne University, France
Daan Hubert Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Belgium
Mahesh Kovilakam Science Systems and Applications, Inc. (SSAI) at NASA Langley Research Center, USA
Paul A. Newman NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA
Clara Orbe NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA
Irina Petropavlovskikh University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, USA
William J. Randel National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), USA
Wolfgang Steinbrecht Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Germany
Monika E. Szelag Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Finland
Kleareti Tourpali Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Greecev
Corinne Vigouroux Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Belgium
Mark Weber Universität Bremen, Institute of Environmental Physics, Germany
Review Editors
Jessica Neu NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA
Wolfgang Steinbrecht Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Germany
Chapter 4: Polar Stratospheric Ozone: Past, Present, and Future
Coordinating Lead Authors
Martyn Chipperfield University of Leeds, UK
Michelle Santee NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA
Co-Authors
Simon P. Alexander Australian Antarctic Division, Australia
A. T. J. de Laat Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, Netherlands
Doug E. Kinnison National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), USA
Jayanarayanan Kuttippurath Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Services (CORAL), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
Ulrike Langematz Freie Universtät Berlin, Germany
Krzysztof Wargan Science Systems and Applications Inc. (SSAI) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA
Contributing Authors
Sandip S. Dhomse University of Leeds, UK
Jens-Uwe Grooß Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
James Keeble University of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, UK
Zachary D. Lawrence University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory and NorthWest Research Associates, USA
Gloria L. Manney NorthWest Research Associates and New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, USA
Rolf Müller Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
Eric Nash Science Systems and Applications, Inc. (SSAI), USA
Paul A. Newman NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA
David A. Plummer Environment and Climate Change Canada, Climate Research Branch, Canada
Sarah Safieddine Laboratoire Atmosphères, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS)/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France
Ines Tritscher Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
Peter von der Gathen Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Germany
Mark Weber Universität Bremen, Institute of Environmental Physics, Germany
Ingo Wohltmann Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Germany
Review Editors
Susan Solomon Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, USA
Mark Weber Universität Bremen, Institute of Environmental Physics, Germany
Chapter 5: Stratospheric Ozone Changes and Climate
Coordinating Lead Authors
Hella Garny Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Germany
Harry Hendon Bureau of Meteorology & Monash University, Australia
Co-Authors
Marta Abalos Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Department of Earth Physics and Astrophysics, Facultad de CC. Fisicas, Spain
Gabriel Chiodo ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Switzerland
Ariaan Purich ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes and Climate Change Research Centre, Australia
William J. Randel National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), USA
Karen L. Smith University of Toronto Scarborough, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Canada
David Thompson Colorado State University, USA
Contributing Authors
James A. Anstey Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Canada
Blanca Ayarzagüena Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
Antara Banerjee University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, USA
Ramiro Checa Garcia University of Vienna, Austria
Martyn P. Chipperfield University of Leeds, UK
Martin Dameris Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Germany
Rishav Goyal University of New South Wales, Climate Change Research Centre, Australia
Paul A. Newman NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA
Felix Plöger Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
Lorenzo Polvani Columbia University, Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, USA
Karen H. Rosenlof NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, USA
Anja Schmidt Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA); Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Meteorological Institute; and University of Cambridge, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Germany
William Seviour University of Exeter, UK
Keith Shine University of Reading, Department of Meteorology, UK
Neil Swart Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Canada
Paul J. Young Lancaster University, UK
Review Editors
Amy H. Butler NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory
Amanda Maycock University of Leeds, School of Earth and Environment, UK
Chapter 6: Stratospheric Aerosol Injection and its Potential Effect on the Stratospheric Ozone Layer
Coordinating Lead Authors
James Haywood University of Exeter and Met office Hadley Center, UK
Simone Tilmes National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling, USA
Co-Authors
Frank Keutsch Harvard University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, USA
Ulrike Niemeier Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Germany
Anja Schmidt Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA); Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Meteorological Institute; and University of Cambridge, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Germany
Daniele Visioni Cornell University, Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, USA
Pengfei Yu Jinan University, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, China
Contributing Authors
John Dykema Harvard University, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, USA
Anthony Crawford Jones Met Office, UK
Anton Laakso Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Atmospheric Research Centre of Eastern Finland, Finland
Catherine Anne Wilka Stanford University, USA
Review Editors
Valentina Aquila American University, Department of Environmental Science, USA
Karen H. Rosenlof NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, USA
Chapter 7: Scenarios and Information for Policymakers
Coordinating Lead Authors
John Daniel NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, USA
Stefan Reimann Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Switzerland
Co-Authors
Paul Ashford Anthesis Consulting Group, UK
Eric Fleming Science Systems and Applications, Inc. (SSAI) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA
Ryan Hossaini Lancaster University, UK
Megan Lickley Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
Robyn Schofield The University of Melbourne, Australia
Helen Walter-Terrinoni The Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) and Technology and Economic
Assessment Panel (TEAP) of the Montreal Protocol, USA
Contributing Authors
Laura McBride University of Maryland, College Park, USA
Sunyoung Park Kyungpook National University, School of Earth System Sciences, Department of Oceanography, South Korea
Martin N. Ross The Aerospace Corporation, USA
Ross J. Salawitch University of Maryland, College Park, USA
David Sherry NSA Ltd (Nolan Sherry & Associates), UK
Susann Tegtmeier University of Saskatchewan, Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, Canada
Guus J. M. Velders National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) & Utrecht University, Netherlands
Donald J. Wuebbles University of Illinois, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, USA
Annex: Summary of Abundances, Lifetimes, ODPs, REs, GWPs, and GTPs
Coordinating Lead Authors
James B. Burkholder NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, USA
Øivind Hodnebrog CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Norway
Contributing Authors
Brian McDonald NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, USA
Vladimir Orkin NIST Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, USA
Vassilis C. Papadimitriou University of Crete, Department of Chemistry and University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Greece
Daniel Van Hoomissen University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, USA
Twenty Questions & Answers about the Ozone Layer: 2022 Update
Lead Author
Ross J. Salawitch University of Maryland College Park, USA
Co-Authors
Sarah J. Doherty University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, USA
David W. Fahey NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, USA
Eric Fleming Science Systems and Applications, Inc. (SSAI) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA
Laura McBride University of Maryland, College Park, USA
Richard McKenzie National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), New Zealand
Karen H. Rosenlof NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, USA
Chelsea R. Thompson NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, USA
Hideharu Akiyoshi National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan
Mads P. Sulbaek Andersen California State University, Northridge, USA
Stephen O. Andersen Institute for Governance and Sustainable Development (IGSD), USA
Tim Arnold National Physical Laboratory and University of Edinburgh, UK
Alkiviadis F. Bais Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Physics, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Greece
Govindasamy Bala Indian Institute of Science, Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, India
Antara Banerjee University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, USA
Tina Birmpili UNEP Multilateral Fund Secretariat for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol, Canada
Adam Bourassa University of Saskatchewan, Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, Canada
Peter Braesicke Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Germany
Amy H. Butler NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, USA
Natalia Calvo Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Department of Earth Physics and Astrophysics, Spain
Long Cao Zhejiang University, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, China
Martin Dameris Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR), Germany
Sean Davis NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, USA
Anne Douglass NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (emeritus), USA
Vitali Fioletov Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada
Paul Fraser Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Oceans and Atmosphere, Australia
Lucien Froidevaux NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA
Jan Fuglestvedt Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research (CICERO), Norway
Rolando Garcia National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), USA
Chaim Garfinkel Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
Nathan P. Gillett Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada
Sophie Godin-Beekman Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne University, France
William Goetzler Guidehouse, USA
Neil Harris Cranfield University, USA
Peter Hitchcock Cornell University, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, USA
Peter Irvine University College London, Department of Earth Sciences, UK
Martin Jucker Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia
David Karoly Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia
Alexey Yu. Karpechko Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Finland
Jooil Kim University of California San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, USA
Andrew Klekociuk Australian Antarctic Division, Australia
Susan Gabriela Lakkis Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional Buenos, Argentina
Jean-Francois Lamarque National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), USA
Sunday Leonard UN Environment Programme (UNEP) Scientific & Technical Advisory Panel to the Global Environment Facility (STAP-GEF), Kenya
Eun-pa Lim Bureau of Meteorology, Australia
Jintai Lin Peking University, School of Physics, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, China
Pu Lin Princeton University, Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, USA
Nathaniel Livesey NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA
Diego Loyola Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR), Germany
Doug MacMartin Cornell University, USA
Sasha Madronich National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), USA
Michela Maione University of Urbino, Department of Pure and Applied Sciences and National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, Italy
Archie McCulloch University of Bristol, Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group (retired), UK
Sophia Mylona UN Environment Programme (UNEP) Ozone Secretariat, Kenya
Hiroaki Naoe Meteorological Research Institute (MRI), Japan
Simon O’Doherty University of Bristol, UK
David Oram University of East Anglia, UK
Marisol Osman Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Germmnay
Prabir Patra Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Japan
Andrea Pazmiño Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Staint Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), France
Thomas Peter ETH Zürich, Switzerland
Damaris Kirsch Pinheiro Federal Univeristy of Santa Maria, Chemical Engineering Department, Center of Technology, Brazil
Marta Pizano Consultant, Colombia
Felix Plöger Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
Michael Prather University of California Irvine, Earth System Science Department, USA
A.R. Ravishankara Colorado State University, USA
Claire Reeves University of East Anglia (emeritus), UK
Laura Revell University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Rob Rhew University of California, Berkeley, USA
Jadwiga Richter National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), USA
Harald Rieder University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
Martin Riese Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
Alan Robock Rutgers University, USA
Alfonso Saiz-Lopez Spanish National Research Council, Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Spain
Nihar Shah Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA
Jonathan Shanklin British Antarctic Survey (BAS) (Emeritus Fellow), UK
Keith Shine University of Reading, Department of Meteorology, UK
Michael Sigmond Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Canada
Björn-Martin Sinnuber Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Germany
Keith Solomon University of Guelph, Center for Toxicology, Canada
Gabi Stiller Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), IMK-ASF, Germany
Kane Stone Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, USA
Susan Strahan University of Maryland, Baltimore County and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA
William Sturges University of East Anglia, UK
Matt Tully Bureau of Meteorology, Australia
Jean-Paul Vernier National Institute of Aerospace and NASA Langley Research Center, USA
Timothy Wallington Ford Motor Company, Research & Advanced Engineering, USA
Shingo Watanabe Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Japan
Ray Weiss University of California San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, USA
David Wilmouth Harvard University, USA
Shigeo Yoden Kyoto University, Japan
Durwood Zaelke Institute for Governance and Sustainable Development (IGSD), USA
Yanli Zhang Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry (GIG), China
Catherine Burgdorf Rasco University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, USA
Ronda Knott NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, USA
Douglas Ohlhorst NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, USA
Albert Romero NOAA Office of the Chief Administrative Officer, USA
Kathy A. Thompson Science Systems and Applications, Inc. (SSAI), USA
Richard Tisinai University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, USA
Catherine Weable NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, USA