Nutrição

Globally, in 2018, 49 million (7.3%) children under 5 years presented acute malnutrition (wasting), and 149 million (21.9%) children under 5 years suffered from stunting (1). Malnutrition remains a leading cause of childhood mortality. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013, the number of deaths for protein-energy malnutrition, agestandardized, was 9.8/1,000,000 in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years in the 50 most populous countries. Considering the level of development, malnutrition-related death was 11/100,000 in developing and 0.1/100,000 in developed countries (2). Malnutrition is common, but underreported, among hospitalized children. Poor nutritional status (NS) at admission or worsening of NS during hospitalization is recognized to adversely affect clinical outcomes and increase healthcare costs. Thus, there is a need for better identification, documentation, and coding of pediatric malnutrition (3-5). Mehta and colleagues suggest a new paradigm for defining pediatric malnutrition that includes the chronicity, etiology, mechanisms, severity, and the impact on the outcomes. In addition, obesity and excess energy intake can

This study presents an Ilex paraguariensis leaf infusion with important potential as natural ironchelating. The impact of infusion time and the water volume to obtain an Ilex paraguariensis leaf infusion with high phenolic content and iron chelating activity, such as the stability of these proprieties in the storage time and temperature (immediately and after 24 h at 8 and 25 C) were assessed. The acute consumption effect of this infusion to reduce iron absorption in vivo was also evaluated. A preliminary crossover trial with volunteers that ingested a meal containing non-haem iron (11.4 mg) with the treatments: Ilex paraguariensis leaf infusion with the highest phenolic content and iron chelating activity (200 mL) or control (200 mL water). Blood samples were withdrawn before and 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after the meal for serum iron measurement. The highest phenolic content (18.1 mg/mL) and iron chelating activity (100%) were observed for 10 min infusion time using 30 g leaves/300 mL wat...

Introduction: Pediatric critically ill patients admitted for surgical reasons may differ from medical patients. However, guidelines for nutritional therapy (NT) include both medical and surgical patients. The aim of this study was to describe the NT practices of critically ill children admitted for medical and surgical reasons. Methods: Prospective cohort study conducted with critically ill children, between 1 month and 15 years old, admitted in a pediatric intensive care unit. Patients who were discharged within the first 48 hours, died within the first 72 hours or who received oral NT were excluded. Clinical and demographic were collected. Nutritional status was assessed at admission and NT data from the first 7 days was collected. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were applied and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 201 patients were included, with a median age of 2.2 years, 154 (76.6%) were admitted for medical reasons and 47 (23.4%) for surgical reasons. C...

Purpose Whey protein has antioxidant properties through its amino acid cysteine, which enhances the biosynthesis of glutathione, the most abundant antioxidant non-protein in mammalians. Glutathione influences vitamin C recycling and increases its protective effect on oxidative stress (OS). The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of whey protein and vitamin C supplementation on OS biomarkers in chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods This pioneer trial was a randomised, double-blind, pilot study in patients from a dialysis clinic. Patients were randomised into three groups (1:1:1) and stratified by HD frequency (2 or 3 times/week). Sachets containing protein powder (20.0 g) with/without vitamin C (0.25 g) or placebo (20.0 g of white rice flour) with vitamin C (0.25 g) were supplemented after each HD session, 3 times/week for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected at the baseline period and after 8 weeks for the measurement of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidised glutathione (GSSG), the GSH:GSSG ratio, malondialdehyde, vitamin C, and glutathione peroxidase-1. Results Twenty-two patients were enrolled, of which 18 concluded the trial, 6 per group (18.2%, n = 4 losses during followup). The vitamin C group presented decreased GSH levels after supplementation (p = 0.053) and a decreasing tendency in the GSH:GSSG ratio (non-statistically significant), while MDA levels significantly decreased only in the whey proteinsupplemented groups (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion The results suggest a pro-oxidant effect of 0.25 g of vitamin C alone in chronic HD patients. Clinical trial registration https:// ensai oscli nicos. gov. br/, RBR-65b8f4.