Albinism

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English: Albinism (from Latin albus, meaning "white") is a lack of pigmentation in the eyes, skin and hair. It is an inherited condition resulting from the combination of recessive genes passed from both parents of an individual. This condition is known to affect mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians.
Español: El albinismo es una condición natural genética en la que hay una ausencia congénita de pigmentación de ojos, piel y pelo en los animales. También aparece en los vegetales, donde faltan otros compuestos como los carotenos. Es hereditario; aparece con la combinación de los dos padres portadores del gen recesivo.
Deutsch: Albinismus (lat. albus : weiß) ist eine Sammelbezeichnung für angeborene Störungen in der Biosynthese der Melanine und dem daraus resultierenden Mangel an Pigmenten in Haut, Haaren und Augen (Rotfärbung der Iris aufgrund des durchschimmerndes Blutes). Die Betroffenen nennt man Albinos oder Dondos.
Português: Albinismo (do latim albus, que significa branco) é uma deficiência de melanina nos olhos, pele e cabelo. Essa doença é uma condição hereditária, resultada da combinação de genes recessivos passados por ambos os pais ou por apenas um dos dois. É conhecida por afetar mamíferos, peixes, aves, répteis e anfíbios.

People

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  • A young lady with albinism at Taiwan Pride 2005
    A young lady with albinism at Taiwan Pride 2005
  • Albino family (Rudolph Lucasie) ca. 1865
    Albino family (Rudolph Lucasie) ca. 1865
  • Eyes of a person with complete OCA1 (Albinism)
    Eyes of a person with complete OCA1 (Albinism)

Animals

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Some of these animals may be leucistic

  • Albino Alligator
    Albino Alligator
  • Albino Alligator
    Albino Alligator
  • Snowdrop in close up, an albino African Penguin, at Bristol Zoo, England
    Snowdrop in close up, an albino African Penguin, at Bristol Zoo, England
  • Snowdrop, an albino African Penguin, at Bristol Zoo, England
    Snowdrop, an albino African Penguin, at Bristol Zoo, England
  • reindeer
    reindeer
  • alligator
    alligator
  • Präparate im Carl-Schweizer-Museum in Murrhardt
    Präparate im Carl-Schweizer-Museum in Murrhardt
  • white squirrel
    white squirrel
  • Axolotl
    Axolotl
  • Chelonia mydas
    Chelonia mydas
  • Kangaroo
    Kangaroo

Variations of Albinism

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For these animals is known that they are albinotic and not Leucistic.


OCA1 (Oculocutaneous Albinism Type 1) - Albinism-Locus (C)

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Siamese, Colorpoint, Himlayan

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  • English: Animals with temperature-sensitive tyrosinase, OCA1
  • Deutsch: Tiere mit temperaturempfindlicher Thyrosinase, OCA1

OCA2 - Pink Eye Dilution (P)

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OCA3 - Brown-Locus

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OCA4 - Cream gene mutation of the horse

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  • Erdfarbenes/Buckskin (Brauner mit Cremegen)
    Erdfarbenes/Buckskin (Brauner mit Cremegen)
  • Cremello (Fuchs mit doppeltem Cremegen)
    Cremello (Fuchs mit doppeltem Cremegen)
  • Fohlen mit dem Cream-Gen werden hell geboren
    Fohlen mit dem Cream-Gen werden hell geboren
  • Isabell/Palomino bei einem American Quarter Horse
    Isabell/Palomino bei einem American Quarter Horse
English: For additional examples see: Cream gene of the horse
Deutsch: Weitere Beispiele unter Cream Gen des Pferdes
  • Source: Denis Mariat, Sead Taourit, and Gérard Guérin; "A mutation in the MATP gene causes the cream coat colour in the horse"; Genet. Sel. Evol. 35 (2003) pp. 119–133, INRA, EDP Sciences, 2003 DOI: 10.1051/gse:2002039

Amelanism - Eumelanin and Pheomelanin absent

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See also: Category:Amelanism

This form of albino lacks black pigment and red pigment, but possesses yellow pigment. Animals shown are also Tyrosinase negative, lacking brown pigment. T-positive forms also exist.

  • Burmese pythons
    Burmese pythons
  • Ball (royal) python
    Ball (royal) python

Hypomelanism - Eumelanin diluted

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This form has melanin noticeably diluted, resulting in a very faded appearance.

  • 'Orange ghost' ball (royal) python
    'Orange ghost' ball (royal) python

Only or mainly Pheomelanin diluted

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  • English: Animals, where only oder mainly phäomelanin is diluted as in "chinchilla" color variation of rabbits.
    Deutsch: Tiere, bei denen hauptsächlich oder ausschließlich Phäomelanin aufgehellt ist, wie beispielsweise bei der Chinchillafärbung des Kanainchens.
  • Category:White tigers -
    Deutsch: weiße Tiger sind nicht leuzistisch. Leuzistische Tiger hätten kein durchgehend vorhandenes Streifenmuster, da ihnen an einigen Stellen die Melanozyten fehlen würden.
    English: white tigers are not leucistic, they have a similar form of albinism as rats or rabbits with the coat color called "chinchilla". In leucistic tigers the stripes would miss in some places, because of melanocytes missing there.
  • Deutsch: Rasse: Großchinchilla Hauskaninchen English: breed: chinchilla-colored rabbit
    Deutsch: Rasse: Großchinchilla Hauskaninchen
    English: breed: chinchilla-colored rabbit
  • A black and tan dog diluted to black and white - the white color of this markings is due to canine I-Locus which dilutes only phäomelanin.
    A black and tan dog diluted to black and white - the white color of this markings is due to canine I-Locus which dilutes only phäomelanin.
  • White Shepherd Dog - the white Color of this breed is due to canine I-Locus which dilutes only phäomelanin.
    White Shepherd Dog - the white Color of this breed is due to canine I-Locus which dilutes only phäomelanin.
  • Category:White tigers
    Category:White tigers

Only or mainly Eumelanin diluted

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Refereces

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  1. ↑ Protas ME, Hersey C, Kochanek D, Zhou Y, Wilkens H, Jeffery WR, Zon LI, Borowsky R, Tabin CJ: Genetic analysis of cavefish reveals molecular convergence in the evolution of albinism. Nat Genet. 2006 Jan;38(1):107-11. Epub 2005 Dec 11. PMID 16341223
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