Papers by Randall O'Reilly
2018 Conference on Cognitive Computational Neuroscience
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2016
Decades of animal and human neuroimaging research have identified distinct, but overlapping, stri... more Decades of animal and human neuroimaging research have identified distinct, but overlapping, striatal zones, which are interconnected with separable corticostriatal circuits, and are crucial for the organization of functional systems. Despite continuous efforts to subdivide the human striatum based on anatomical and resting-state functional connectivity, characterizing the different psychological processes related to each zone remains a work in progress. Using an unbiased, data-driven approach, we analyzed large-scale coactivation data from 5,809 human imaging studies. We (i) identified five distinct striatal zones that exhibited discrete patterns of coactivation with cortical brain regions across distinct psychological processes and (ii) identified the different psychological processes associated with each zone. We found that the reported pattern of cortical activation reliably predicted which striatal zone was most strongly activated. Critically, activation in each functional zone...
Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN, Jan 2, 2016
Previous research in patients with anorexia nervosa showed heightened brain response during a tas... more Previous research in patients with anorexia nervosa showed heightened brain response during a taste reward conditioning task and heightened sensitivity to rewarding and punishing stimuli. Here we tested the hypothesis that individuals recovered from anorexia nervosa would also experience greater brain activation during this task as well as higher sensitivity to salient stimuli than controls. Women recovered from restricting-type anorexia nervosa and healthy control women underwent fMRI during application of a prediction error taste reward learning paradigm. Twenty-four women recovered from anorexia nervosa (mean age 30.3 ± 8.1 yr) and 24 control women (mean age 27.4 ± 6.3 yr) took part in this study. The recovered anorexia nervosa group showed greater left posterior insula activation for the prediction error model analysis than the control group (family-wise error- and small volume-corrected p < 0.05). A group × condition analysis found greater posterior insula response in women ...
We tested a parallel neural network model of visual search, and found that it located targets mor... more We tested a parallel neural network model of visual search, and found that it located targets more quickly when allowed to take several fast guesses. We suggest that this serially iterated parallel search may be the mode used by the visual system, in accord with theories such as the Guided Search model. Furthermore, in our model the most efficient mode
Procedures were approved by the HealthONE Institutional Review Board and the University of Colora... more Procedures were approved by the HealthONE Institutional Review Board and the University of Colorado Human Research Committee. We tested 30 PD patients and 19 healthy seniors matched for age, education, and scores on the North American Adult Reading Test (NAART), an estimate of premorbid verbal IQ (1). The demographics of seniors and PD patients are shown in Table 1.PD patients
Press. 3. Control that emerges from interacting systems (PFC, HCMP and PMC). 4. Dimensions that d... more Press. 3. Control that emerges from interacting systems (PFC, HCMP and PMC). 4. Dimensions that define continua of specialization in different brain systems: e.g., robust active maintenance, fast vs slow learning. 5. Integration of biological and computational principles.
Computational models are important for guiding and interpreting molecular studies of learning and... more Computational models are important for guiding and interpreting molecular studies of learning and memory,because they provide a bridge between,biological and behavioral levels of analysis. These models facilitate the identification of central underlying principles that span different levels, and they can accommodate the many complexities of each of these levels and their interrelationships. We present an overview of our computational
Rethinking Fodor and Pylyshyn's Systematicity Challenge, 2014
Models of working memory: mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control, Apr 13, 1999
This final chapter starts where the previous chapter left off (Kintsch, Healy, Hegarty, Penningto... more This final chapter starts where the previous chapter left off (Kintsch, Healy, Hegarty, Pennington, & Salthouse, Chapter 12). The main goal of the current chapter is to offer some thoughts we have about the future directions of working memory research. In particular, we present our own view of where the field stands and where it may be going in the belief that such reflection on the" big picture" is something this field needs. The organization of the chapter is as follows. We will first present six points of general theoretical consensus that ...
Minerva psichiatrica, 2003
Résumé/Abstract We review a set of principles, derived from converging biological, psychological,... more Résumé/Abstract We review a set of principles, derived from converging biological, psychological, and computational constraints, for understanding the differential contributions of the neocortex and hippocampus to learning and memory. For example, we argue that the neocortex employs a slow learning rate and overlapping distributed representations to extract generalities (eg, prototypes) from the environment. In contrast, the hippocampus learns rapidly using separated representations to encode the conjunctive details of ...
Cognitive Science, 2002
Résumé: The prefrontal cortex is widely believed to play an important role in facilitating people... more Résumé: The prefrontal cortex is widely believed to play an important role in facilitating people's ability to switch performance between different tasks. We present a biologically-based computational model of prefrontal cortex (PFC) that explains its role in task switching in terms of the greater flexibility conferred by activation-based working memory representations in PFC, as compared with more slowly adapting weight-based memory mechanisms. Specifically we show that PFC representations can be rapidly updated when ...
Learning & Memory, 2008
Three experiments explored the contribution of the cortico-striatal system and the hippocampus sy... more Three experiments explored the contribution of the cortico-striatal system and the hippocampus system to the acquisition of solutions to simultaneous instrumental odor discriminations. Inactivation of the dorsal striatum after rats had reached criterion on a three problem probabilistic set of discriminations--A (80%) vs. B (20%), C (67%) vs. D (33%), E(67%) vs. F(33%)--impaired test performance and disrupted performance when the rats were tested with novel cue combinations (C vs. F and E vs. D), where control animals chose C and F. In contrast, inactivating the dorsal hippocampus enhanced performance on this task and on a deterministic discrimination A (100%) vs. B (0%). These results are consistent with the complementary learning systems view, which assumes that the cortico-striatal and hippocampal system capture information in parallel. How this information combines to influence task performance depends on the compatibility of the content captured by each system. These results suggest that the trial-specific information captured by the hippocampal system can be incompatible with the across-trial integration of trial outcomes captured by the cortico-striatal system.
Frontiers in computational neuroscience, 2015
We present a cerebellar architecture with two main characteristics. The first one is that complex... more We present a cerebellar architecture with two main characteristics. The first one is that complex spikes respond to increases in sensory errors. The second one is that cerebellar modules associate particular contexts where errors have increased in the past with corrective commands that stop the increase in error. We analyze our architecture formally and computationally for the case of reaching in a 3D environment. In the case of motor control, we show that there are synergies of this architecture with the Equilibrium-Point hypothesis, leading to novel ways to solve the motor error and distal learning problems. In particular, the presence of desired equilibrium lengths for muscles provides a way to know when the error is increasing, and which corrections to apply. In the context of Threshold Control Theory and Perceptual Control Theory we show how to extend our model so it implements anticipative corrections in cascade control systems that span from muscle contractions to cognitive o...
Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures, 2013
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015
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Papers by Randall O'Reilly