Background/Aims: The Saudi Vision 2030 program has introduced midwifery-led maternity care in Sau... more Background/Aims: The Saudi Vision 2030 program has introduced midwifery-led maternity care in Saudi Arabia, which includes facilitating planned home births. This study aimed to investigate Saudi midwives' attitudes to planned home birth and the opportunities and challenges associated with its implementation. Methods: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study design, including all hospitals of the Saudi Ministry of Health and primary healthcare centers in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected concurrently from 301 midwives through the provider attitude toward planned home birth questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and inferential statistical analyses were used for quantitative data. Results: The midwives had a neutral attitude to planned home birth. There were significant differences in attitude according to age, education and health region. Seven major themes emerged: midwives as care providers, health institutions, academic institutions, national policy, women's health, the socioeconomic and physical environment and maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Conclusion: Saudi midwives are likely to have a favorable attitude to planned home births if the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education decision-makers eliminate the associated challenges and promote opportunities for providers, organizations and the population.
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization released a statement indicating that women can choose t... more BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization released a statement indicating that women can choose to give birth at home if their pregnancy is low risk and they receive the appropriate level of care during labor and childbirth. Additionally, there needs to be a contingency plan for transfer to a properly staffed and equipped birthing unit in case of problems. The Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health “Safe Birth Model of Care” by 2030 aims to have a midwifery-led continuity of maternity care as standard: low-risk births are to take place at home or at a birth center, depending on the preference of the woman and her family. Low-risk pregnant women will be expected to receive antenatal care from an appropriately trained and experienced primary care physician or midwife, as appropriate, with the option to refer to the comprehensive obstetrics service as necessary. This midwifery-led continuity of care has yet to be implemented in Saudi Arabia (Altaweli et al., 2020).RESEARCH PURPOSES: The purposes of this study were to assess the community of respondents to an online survey and perspectives regarding home birth and determine challenges to initiation of a policy and practice of home birth in Saudi Arabia.METHODS: A cross-sectional design using an online 14-item online survey instrument was used to collect data from 5,930 respondents who provided their views on home birth in Saudi Arabia.FINDINGS: A total of 53.4% of respondents were interested in the concept of home birth, with the COVID-19 pandemic as the reason for this interest in slightly more than one-third of respondents (37.4%). Additionally, 14.3% hoped to avoid unnecessary medical interventions in a hospital setting. It was also found that 46.6% of the respondents were not interested in the potential for a home birth, and of those, 98.8% attributed their disinterest in the safety of hospitals to their preference of a home birth.CONCLUSIONS: There was significant interest in the concept of home birth in Saudi Arabia due to the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions. This interest was related to a desire of women to have a more positive birth experience and avoid unnecessary medical interventions. The findings suggest a clear need for a fully developed home birth policy, fully integrated with existing maternity care services in Saudi Arabia, and increased awareness of the safety and suitability of home birth for low-risk women. Home birth should be an option for women with low-risk pregnancies in Saudi Arabia.
Objective: Nursing staff play a crucial role in postoperative wound care and management; it is th... more Objective: Nursing staff play a crucial role in postoperative wound care and management; it is therefore imperative that their knowledge is kept up to date to avoid complications. The overarching objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of nursing staff regarding various aspects of the management of acute surgical wounds. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess nurses' clinical knowledge and practices in the management of acute wounds in four large hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The eligible participants included nurses who were working in the medical or surgical departments and those who were employed by the Ministry of Health. We administered a study questionnaire and conducted descriptive analysis to report frequencies and proportions of knowledge and practice aspects. Results: A total of 360 nurses responded to the survey, giving a response rate of 70%. A total of 221 nurses completed all survey questions. Of the participants, 56.56% were ≥30 years old, 95.48% were female, and 50.02% had >6 years' working experience. With regards to nurses' knowledge: 71.9% of the participants had updated their knowledge about wound care in the past two years; 54.3% perceived their knowledge of the availability of wound products as good; 74.66% correctly reported the classic signs of inflammation; 66.97% correctly identified general signs of wound infection; 84.62% of the sample considered surgical site infection as one complication of surgical wound infection. Only 61.09% of the nurses reported following wound care guidelines, 48.42% considered wound appearance as a highly important factor that influences nurses' choice of surgical dressing products, and 41.63% considered hospital policies and practices as important in making evidence-based decisions in wound management. Conclusion: This study found that nurses' knowledge about the management of wounds was generally good; however, there were gaps in the practical component which need to be filled to avoid wound complications.
This report presents the findings of a quantitative midwifery workforce study in the Ministry of ... more This report presents the findings of a quantitative midwifery workforce study in the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Saudi Arabia in 2019. The aim of this report is to present the current midwifery workforce and recommend an adequate number of midwives required in maternity services based on a midwife-to-birth ratio. The midwifery workforce information in this report highlights a number of concerns related to the shortage of midwives and the lack of midwifery educational programmes within Saudi Arabia. It is difficult to form a national picture with the current published data because of a lack of relevant information.
Background: Routine use of medical interventions during labor has been identified as a clinical a... more Background: Routine use of medical interventions during labor has been identified as a clinical area for concern, since such routinized practice is not consistent with an evidence-based approach to care and continues to increase despite efforts to encourage normal childbirth. Therefore, the aim of our study was to explore maternity health professionals' use of interventions during the second stage of labor in two hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to understand what influences their decision-making and practices. Methods: This was an exploratory study using an ethnographic approach. Data collection methods included participant observations of 19 labors and births (n = 8 at City Hospital and n = 11 at King's Hospital) and semi-structured interviews with 29 health care professionals. In addition, the hospital labor and delivery ward policies and guidelines from those hospitals were collected. Data were analyzed thematically. Results: Medical interventions were used during the second stage of labor routinely, regardless of clinical indication. Three core influences that shaped the clinical decision-making were identified as follows: (a) organizational culture, (b) a medical concept of birth, and (c) a hierarchical system of control. We suggest that the clinical decision-making and routine practice in this setting arises out of the interface between these three core influences whereby hierarchical control and clinicians' exercise of power and feelings of powerlessness are fundamental drivers for an organizational culture of medicalized childbirth, despite the differing models of childbirth which professionals described. Conclusions: Clinical decisions relating to the use of interventions during childbirth are both complex and socially negotiated. The findings reflect the complexity of the use of interventions during the second stage of labor and the multiple influences on professionals' practices. We have shown how three key influences interact to shape clinical decision-making during the second stage of labor in this cultural setting and how the use of medical interventions can be analyzed as an illustration of the power dynamic in the maternity health care system. We suggest that written policies are insufficient to bring about evidence-based practice and approaches to change need to take into account these different levels of influence. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Bonding is a complex phenomenon that occurs during a significant phase for the mother and her inf... more Bonding is a complex phenomenon that occurs during a significant phase for the mother and her infant. However, the definition and use of the term bonding, frequently misleads because of the inclination to refine and oversimplify the attachment phenomenon. The objective of this concept analysis is, therefore, to clarify the meaning of this concept with specific reference to maternal-infant bonding. Adopting Walker and Avant's (2005) adaptation of Wilson's (1963) concept analysis procedure, bonding, as a concept, is analysed to arrive at a clearer and more accurate meaning. This analysis presents definitions and defining characteristics of bonding. Antecedents and consequences of maternal-infant bonding are also explored, while model, contrary and borderline cases are presented to further enhance clarity and thereby inform operational definitions. Implications for nursing and midwifery practice are discussed.
Background/Aims: The Saudi Vision 2030 program has introduced midwifery-led maternity care in Sau... more Background/Aims: The Saudi Vision 2030 program has introduced midwifery-led maternity care in Saudi Arabia, which includes facilitating planned home births. This study aimed to investigate Saudi midwives' attitudes to planned home birth and the opportunities and challenges associated with its implementation. Methods: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study design, including all hospitals of the Saudi Ministry of Health and primary healthcare centers in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected concurrently from 301 midwives through the provider attitude toward planned home birth questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and inferential statistical analyses were used for quantitative data. Results: The midwives had a neutral attitude to planned home birth. There were significant differences in attitude according to age, education and health region. Seven major themes emerged: midwives as care providers, health institutions, academic institutions, national policy, women's health, the socioeconomic and physical environment and maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Conclusion: Saudi midwives are likely to have a favorable attitude to planned home births if the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education decision-makers eliminate the associated challenges and promote opportunities for providers, organizations and the population.
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization released a statement indicating that women can choose t... more BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization released a statement indicating that women can choose to give birth at home if their pregnancy is low risk and they receive the appropriate level of care during labor and childbirth. Additionally, there needs to be a contingency plan for transfer to a properly staffed and equipped birthing unit in case of problems. The Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health “Safe Birth Model of Care” by 2030 aims to have a midwifery-led continuity of maternity care as standard: low-risk births are to take place at home or at a birth center, depending on the preference of the woman and her family. Low-risk pregnant women will be expected to receive antenatal care from an appropriately trained and experienced primary care physician or midwife, as appropriate, with the option to refer to the comprehensive obstetrics service as necessary. This midwifery-led continuity of care has yet to be implemented in Saudi Arabia (Altaweli et al., 2020).RESEARCH PURPOSES: The purp...
Objective: Nursing staff play a crucial role in postoperative wound care and management; it is th... more Objective: Nursing staff play a crucial role in postoperative wound care and management; it is therefore imperative that their knowledge is kept up to date to avoid complications. The overarching objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of nursing staff regarding various aspects of the management of acute surgical wounds. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess nurses' clinical knowledge and practices in the management of acute wounds in four large hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The eligible participants included nurses who were working in the medical or surgical departments and those who were employed by the Ministry of Health. We administered a study questionnaire and conducted descriptive analysis to report frequencies and proportions of knowledge and practice aspects. Results: A total of 360 nurses responded to the survey, giving a response rate of 70%. A total of 221 nurses completed all survey questions. Of the participants, 56.56% were ≥...
This report presents the findings of a quantitative midwifery workforce study in the Ministry of ... more This report presents the findings of a quantitative midwifery workforce study in the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Saudi Arabia in 2019. The aim of this report is to present the current midwifery workforce and recommend an adequate number of midwives required in maternity services based on a midwife-to-birth ratio. The midwifery workforce information in this report highlights a number of concerns related to the shortage of midwives and the lack of midwifery educational programmes within Saudi Arabia. It is difficult to form a national picture with the current published data because of a lack of relevant information.
There are many efforts internationally to achieve safe and respectful Mother-Baby–Family maternit... more There are many efforts internationally to achieve safe and respectful Mother-Baby–Family maternity care. This article is the first to provide a conceptual framework for implementing the Saudi Childbirth Initiative (SCI) in all health institutions in Saudi Arabia. It introduces the 10 Steps of the SCI to strategically achieve a safe and respectful Mother-Baby–Family maternity care in order to improve maternal and infant outcome and implement evidence-based maternity care in Saudi Arabia. The SCI is developed upon previous initiatives and integrates and supports much of the current work being carried out by many organizations. The aim of the SCI's 10 Steps is to improve care throughout the childbearing continuum, to save lives, prevent illness and harm from the overuse of obstetric technologies, and promote health for mothers and babies and to provide clear guidelines for providing optimal maternity care. Safe and respectful Mother-Baby–Family Maternity Care is measurable and for ...
This thesis is an exploratory qualitative study using an ethnographic approach to explore the use... more This thesis is an exploratory qualitative study using an ethnographic approach to explore the use of interventions during the second stage of labour among healthcare professionals and what may be influencing their use within two large government hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Data collection methods included participant observations of 19 labours and births and semi-structured interviews with 29 healthcare professionals comprising obstetricians [n=10], midwives [n=12], nurses [n=6] and nurse-midwife [n=1]. In addition, the hospital labour and delivery ward policies and guidelines from those hospitals were collected. Data collection took place over a two-month period in 2011 at King’s Hospital, and a two month period in 2012 at City Hospital (pseudonyms), after seeking ethical approval from City University and from each of the hospitals involved in the study. All participant observations, interviews, field notes (diary), and hospital documentation was recorded using a word proces...
Background/Aims: The Saudi Vision 2030 program has introduced midwifery-led maternity care in Sau... more Background/Aims: The Saudi Vision 2030 program has introduced midwifery-led maternity care in Saudi Arabia, which includes facilitating planned home births. This study aimed to investigate Saudi midwives' attitudes to planned home birth and the opportunities and challenges associated with its implementation. Methods: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study design, including all hospitals of the Saudi Ministry of Health and primary healthcare centers in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected concurrently from 301 midwives through the provider attitude toward planned home birth questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and inferential statistical analyses were used for quantitative data. Results: The midwives had a neutral attitude to planned home birth. There were significant differences in attitude according to age, education and health region. Seven major themes emerged: midwives as care providers, health institutions, academic institutions, national policy, women's health, the socioeconomic and physical environment and maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Conclusion: Saudi midwives are likely to have a favorable attitude to planned home births if the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education decision-makers eliminate the associated challenges and promote opportunities for providers, organizations and the population.
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization released a statement indicating that women can choose t... more BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization released a statement indicating that women can choose to give birth at home if their pregnancy is low risk and they receive the appropriate level of care during labor and childbirth. Additionally, there needs to be a contingency plan for transfer to a properly staffed and equipped birthing unit in case of problems. The Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health “Safe Birth Model of Care” by 2030 aims to have a midwifery-led continuity of maternity care as standard: low-risk births are to take place at home or at a birth center, depending on the preference of the woman and her family. Low-risk pregnant women will be expected to receive antenatal care from an appropriately trained and experienced primary care physician or midwife, as appropriate, with the option to refer to the comprehensive obstetrics service as necessary. This midwifery-led continuity of care has yet to be implemented in Saudi Arabia (Altaweli et al., 2020).RESEARCH PURPOSES: The purposes of this study were to assess the community of respondents to an online survey and perspectives regarding home birth and determine challenges to initiation of a policy and practice of home birth in Saudi Arabia.METHODS: A cross-sectional design using an online 14-item online survey instrument was used to collect data from 5,930 respondents who provided their views on home birth in Saudi Arabia.FINDINGS: A total of 53.4% of respondents were interested in the concept of home birth, with the COVID-19 pandemic as the reason for this interest in slightly more than one-third of respondents (37.4%). Additionally, 14.3% hoped to avoid unnecessary medical interventions in a hospital setting. It was also found that 46.6% of the respondents were not interested in the potential for a home birth, and of those, 98.8% attributed their disinterest in the safety of hospitals to their preference of a home birth.CONCLUSIONS: There was significant interest in the concept of home birth in Saudi Arabia due to the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions. This interest was related to a desire of women to have a more positive birth experience and avoid unnecessary medical interventions. The findings suggest a clear need for a fully developed home birth policy, fully integrated with existing maternity care services in Saudi Arabia, and increased awareness of the safety and suitability of home birth for low-risk women. Home birth should be an option for women with low-risk pregnancies in Saudi Arabia.
Objective: Nursing staff play a crucial role in postoperative wound care and management; it is th... more Objective: Nursing staff play a crucial role in postoperative wound care and management; it is therefore imperative that their knowledge is kept up to date to avoid complications. The overarching objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of nursing staff regarding various aspects of the management of acute surgical wounds. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess nurses' clinical knowledge and practices in the management of acute wounds in four large hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The eligible participants included nurses who were working in the medical or surgical departments and those who were employed by the Ministry of Health. We administered a study questionnaire and conducted descriptive analysis to report frequencies and proportions of knowledge and practice aspects. Results: A total of 360 nurses responded to the survey, giving a response rate of 70%. A total of 221 nurses completed all survey questions. Of the participants, 56.56% were ≥30 years old, 95.48% were female, and 50.02% had >6 years' working experience. With regards to nurses' knowledge: 71.9% of the participants had updated their knowledge about wound care in the past two years; 54.3% perceived their knowledge of the availability of wound products as good; 74.66% correctly reported the classic signs of inflammation; 66.97% correctly identified general signs of wound infection; 84.62% of the sample considered surgical site infection as one complication of surgical wound infection. Only 61.09% of the nurses reported following wound care guidelines, 48.42% considered wound appearance as a highly important factor that influences nurses' choice of surgical dressing products, and 41.63% considered hospital policies and practices as important in making evidence-based decisions in wound management. Conclusion: This study found that nurses' knowledge about the management of wounds was generally good; however, there were gaps in the practical component which need to be filled to avoid wound complications.
This report presents the findings of a quantitative midwifery workforce study in the Ministry of ... more This report presents the findings of a quantitative midwifery workforce study in the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Saudi Arabia in 2019. The aim of this report is to present the current midwifery workforce and recommend an adequate number of midwives required in maternity services based on a midwife-to-birth ratio. The midwifery workforce information in this report highlights a number of concerns related to the shortage of midwives and the lack of midwifery educational programmes within Saudi Arabia. It is difficult to form a national picture with the current published data because of a lack of relevant information.
Background: Routine use of medical interventions during labor has been identified as a clinical a... more Background: Routine use of medical interventions during labor has been identified as a clinical area for concern, since such routinized practice is not consistent with an evidence-based approach to care and continues to increase despite efforts to encourage normal childbirth. Therefore, the aim of our study was to explore maternity health professionals' use of interventions during the second stage of labor in two hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to understand what influences their decision-making and practices. Methods: This was an exploratory study using an ethnographic approach. Data collection methods included participant observations of 19 labors and births (n = 8 at City Hospital and n = 11 at King's Hospital) and semi-structured interviews with 29 health care professionals. In addition, the hospital labor and delivery ward policies and guidelines from those hospitals were collected. Data were analyzed thematically. Results: Medical interventions were used during the second stage of labor routinely, regardless of clinical indication. Three core influences that shaped the clinical decision-making were identified as follows: (a) organizational culture, (b) a medical concept of birth, and (c) a hierarchical system of control. We suggest that the clinical decision-making and routine practice in this setting arises out of the interface between these three core influences whereby hierarchical control and clinicians' exercise of power and feelings of powerlessness are fundamental drivers for an organizational culture of medicalized childbirth, despite the differing models of childbirth which professionals described. Conclusions: Clinical decisions relating to the use of interventions during childbirth are both complex and socially negotiated. The findings reflect the complexity of the use of interventions during the second stage of labor and the multiple influences on professionals' practices. We have shown how three key influences interact to shape clinical decision-making during the second stage of labor in this cultural setting and how the use of medical interventions can be analyzed as an illustration of the power dynamic in the maternity health care system. We suggest that written policies are insufficient to bring about evidence-based practice and approaches to change need to take into account these different levels of influence. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Bonding is a complex phenomenon that occurs during a significant phase for the mother and her inf... more Bonding is a complex phenomenon that occurs during a significant phase for the mother and her infant. However, the definition and use of the term bonding, frequently misleads because of the inclination to refine and oversimplify the attachment phenomenon. The objective of this concept analysis is, therefore, to clarify the meaning of this concept with specific reference to maternal-infant bonding. Adopting Walker and Avant's (2005) adaptation of Wilson's (1963) concept analysis procedure, bonding, as a concept, is analysed to arrive at a clearer and more accurate meaning. This analysis presents definitions and defining characteristics of bonding. Antecedents and consequences of maternal-infant bonding are also explored, while model, contrary and borderline cases are presented to further enhance clarity and thereby inform operational definitions. Implications for nursing and midwifery practice are discussed.
Background/Aims: The Saudi Vision 2030 program has introduced midwifery-led maternity care in Sau... more Background/Aims: The Saudi Vision 2030 program has introduced midwifery-led maternity care in Saudi Arabia, which includes facilitating planned home births. This study aimed to investigate Saudi midwives' attitudes to planned home birth and the opportunities and challenges associated with its implementation. Methods: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study design, including all hospitals of the Saudi Ministry of Health and primary healthcare centers in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected concurrently from 301 midwives through the provider attitude toward planned home birth questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and inferential statistical analyses were used for quantitative data. Results: The midwives had a neutral attitude to planned home birth. There were significant differences in attitude according to age, education and health region. Seven major themes emerged: midwives as care providers, health institutions, academic institutions, national policy, women's health, the socioeconomic and physical environment and maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Conclusion: Saudi midwives are likely to have a favorable attitude to planned home births if the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education decision-makers eliminate the associated challenges and promote opportunities for providers, organizations and the population.
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization released a statement indicating that women can choose t... more BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization released a statement indicating that women can choose to give birth at home if their pregnancy is low risk and they receive the appropriate level of care during labor and childbirth. Additionally, there needs to be a contingency plan for transfer to a properly staffed and equipped birthing unit in case of problems. The Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health “Safe Birth Model of Care” by 2030 aims to have a midwifery-led continuity of maternity care as standard: low-risk births are to take place at home or at a birth center, depending on the preference of the woman and her family. Low-risk pregnant women will be expected to receive antenatal care from an appropriately trained and experienced primary care physician or midwife, as appropriate, with the option to refer to the comprehensive obstetrics service as necessary. This midwifery-led continuity of care has yet to be implemented in Saudi Arabia (Altaweli et al., 2020).RESEARCH PURPOSES: The purp...
Objective: Nursing staff play a crucial role in postoperative wound care and management; it is th... more Objective: Nursing staff play a crucial role in postoperative wound care and management; it is therefore imperative that their knowledge is kept up to date to avoid complications. The overarching objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of nursing staff regarding various aspects of the management of acute surgical wounds. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess nurses' clinical knowledge and practices in the management of acute wounds in four large hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The eligible participants included nurses who were working in the medical or surgical departments and those who were employed by the Ministry of Health. We administered a study questionnaire and conducted descriptive analysis to report frequencies and proportions of knowledge and practice aspects. Results: A total of 360 nurses responded to the survey, giving a response rate of 70%. A total of 221 nurses completed all survey questions. Of the participants, 56.56% were ≥...
This report presents the findings of a quantitative midwifery workforce study in the Ministry of ... more This report presents the findings of a quantitative midwifery workforce study in the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Saudi Arabia in 2019. The aim of this report is to present the current midwifery workforce and recommend an adequate number of midwives required in maternity services based on a midwife-to-birth ratio. The midwifery workforce information in this report highlights a number of concerns related to the shortage of midwives and the lack of midwifery educational programmes within Saudi Arabia. It is difficult to form a national picture with the current published data because of a lack of relevant information.
There are many efforts internationally to achieve safe and respectful Mother-Baby–Family maternit... more There are many efforts internationally to achieve safe and respectful Mother-Baby–Family maternity care. This article is the first to provide a conceptual framework for implementing the Saudi Childbirth Initiative (SCI) in all health institutions in Saudi Arabia. It introduces the 10 Steps of the SCI to strategically achieve a safe and respectful Mother-Baby–Family maternity care in order to improve maternal and infant outcome and implement evidence-based maternity care in Saudi Arabia. The SCI is developed upon previous initiatives and integrates and supports much of the current work being carried out by many organizations. The aim of the SCI's 10 Steps is to improve care throughout the childbearing continuum, to save lives, prevent illness and harm from the overuse of obstetric technologies, and promote health for mothers and babies and to provide clear guidelines for providing optimal maternity care. Safe and respectful Mother-Baby–Family Maternity Care is measurable and for ...
This thesis is an exploratory qualitative study using an ethnographic approach to explore the use... more This thesis is an exploratory qualitative study using an ethnographic approach to explore the use of interventions during the second stage of labour among healthcare professionals and what may be influencing their use within two large government hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Data collection methods included participant observations of 19 labours and births and semi-structured interviews with 29 healthcare professionals comprising obstetricians [n=10], midwives [n=12], nurses [n=6] and nurse-midwife [n=1]. In addition, the hospital labour and delivery ward policies and guidelines from those hospitals were collected. Data collection took place over a two-month period in 2011 at King’s Hospital, and a two month period in 2012 at City Hospital (pseudonyms), after seeking ethical approval from City University and from each of the hospitals involved in the study. All participant observations, interviews, field notes (diary), and hospital documentation was recorded using a word proces...
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