Chula Unisearch

Numerous attempts have been made to conceptualize social entrepreneurship in terms of Schumpeterian entrepreneurship theory and Sen’s capability approach. This paper aims to examine social entrepreneurship as a practical mechanism for facilitating technology adoption within the agro-innovation system. A study of technology adoption among participants in the Doi Tung Development Project (DTDP), a long-running social enterprise in northern Thailand, revealed significant adoption of new technologies and accompanying welfare benefits for project participants since the project’s launch in 1988. The study also identified three modalities for institutional interventions by DTDP, categorized by their primary functions in risk reduction, knowledge-provision and welfare-enhancement. The empirical findings help to affirm the significance of institutional interventions financed under the social entrepreneurship model in delivering the positive longterm welfare outcomes seen at DTDP. The study c...

Since their inception, a dominant characteristic of higher education institutions has been their reliance on the advantages conferred by geographic and political boundaries. However, emerging technologies and growing consumer power are challenging the status quo. The application of Internet-based information and communication technologies in education-e-learning-is now making it possible for education to transcend space, time, and political boundaries. In e-learning, content and mode of delivery are increasingly defined by external groups: students as well as employers. The emergence of e-learning is weakening the dominance of traditional providers of higher and continuing education-nonprofit colleges and universities-and they are being challenged by a proliferation of alternative institutions and providers with the skills and attitudes required to succeed in the new educational marketplace. Partnerships will allow traditional suppliers and intermediaries to contribute from their respective comparative advantages. In a common emerging model, traditional universities provide the intellectual capital, content, and content support; evaluate student performance; and award appropriate degree credit or certification. Intermediaries contribute in such areas as hardware and software provision, instructional design for the Web, website and communication for maintenance, record keeping, teacher training, and technical support for courseware development and marketing. Although this trend is not yet well advanced in the Asia Pacific Region, there are already a few pioneers, and interest is strong and growing among the major stakeholder groups-traditional academic institutions, traditional students, emerging intermediaries, professionals with a need for continuing education, and private sector corporations with the need to provide educational opportunities for their workforce. The

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO.

This paper describes the selection of assessment criteria to assess agricultural water management schemes for on-farm ponds to support sustainable rain-fed agriculture, guided by the New Theory of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej. The candidate set of criteria was obtained from several international and national sources related to sustainable rain-fed agriculture and the New Theory. The criteria were reviewed and modified by the expert team based on the goals of the New Theory in order to define an initial site-specific set of criteria that conform with the context of socio-topographical conditions of Thailand. The team screened,assessed, and prioritized the criteria using three multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques- ranking, rating and pairwise comparisons- in order to attain the final locality set of the assessment criteria. The process resulted in selection of a set of three criteria, with 15 sub-criteria. This final locality set of criteria was used to conduct a...

This paper focuses on the applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) to develop a model for water resource management in the Pranburi watershed by using stakeholder participation. The hierarchy model structure of the Pranburi watershed was developed by the experts based on IWRM and classified into 4 criteria, 15 sub-criteria, and 3 alternatives. The questionnaire method was the tool used for obtaining a weighing for comparison between the pairs of criteria obtained from community representatives. The finding revealed that the important criteria are the environmental factors. The highest ranked of the alternatives is the watershed planning strategy. These results implied that community focused stakeholder participation in the decision-making process for water resources in Pranburi watershed gave a positive outcome. This research clearly presented the capability of the AHP approach integrates with IWRM principle for water resource planning. The AHP approach can analyze the community representative's relevant data before decision making, by applying pairwise comparison of the AHP technique, can reduce bias during decision making. More importantly, the government should support collaboration with local officers and the community in the decision making policy on water resource planning.

In this paper, we propose a framework to solve a demand-supply optimization problem of long-term water resource allocation on a multi-connection reservoir network which, in two aspects, is different to the problem considered in previous works. First, while all previous works consider a problem where each reservoir can transfer water to only one fixed reservoir, we consider a multi-connection network being constructed in Thailand in which each reservoir can transfer water to many reservoirs in one period of time. Second, a demand-supply plan considered here is static, in contrast to a dynamic policy considered in previous works. Moreover, in order to efficiently develop a long-term static plan, a severe loss (a risk) is taken into account, i.e. a risk occurs if the real amount of water stored in each reservoir in each time period is less than what planned by the optimizer. The multi-connection function and the risk make the problem rather complex such that traditional stochastic dynamic programming and deterministic/heuristic approaches are inappropriate. Our framework is based on a novel convex programming formulation in which stochastic information can be naturally taken into account and an optimal solution is guaranteed to be found efficiently. Extensive experimental results show promising results of the framework.

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The agricultural sector, especially in developing countries, is vulnerable to the effects of climate change partially caused by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural areas. Field crops are capable of bio-sequestration in its aboveground and belowground biomass. Incorporating biochar as a soil amendment increases its potential to become an important bio-sequestration which makes the agricultural sector a key contributor to climate change mitigation. This chapter discussed and presented data obtained from research on biochar using to increase plant biomass for carbon sequestration purposes. The biochar was produced from cassava stems by pyrolysis using a patented retort that was especially designed for agriculturalists to produce a low-cost biochar for their own use. The ability to increase biomass of field crops for carbon sequestration is crucial towards reducing the GHG emissions. This research also shed light on an innovative agricultural method, in comparison to traditional farming, that leads to sustainable agriculture in the long run. The biochar research is also a way to transfer research knowledge from laboratory to practical use.

Wild Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) disturbances are a major conservation concern in Thailand. Elephant dispersal was observed to identify factors that encouraged seasonal migration from the Kaeng Krachan National Park (KKNP), of 466.24 hectares across, into adjacent agricultural lands at the Pa Deng sub-district (PDS) in Phetchchaburi Province, Thailand. Land use patterns in 1975, 1992, 2002, and 2011 from satellite images taken by Landsat-5 TM, and community attitudes on the impacts of land disturbance, were analyzed. All village chiefs were concerned about future management for living with the increased numbers of elephants strolling in their lands expanding from the KKNP border. In 1975, the area was almost completely forested, but chronologically changed to agricultural and community area by 6.43, 8.34, and 7.35 % for 1992, 2002, and 2011, respectively. The area of bare land and natural water courses was found to be reformed to 8.86, 3.46, and 1.38 %, in 1992, 2002, and 2011,...

The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is an approach for decision making with complex problems that can be applied in water resources management. This paper reviews the literature onapplication of AHP in water resource management from 2009-2013 in 46 peer reviewed journal articles, analyzes the strengths and limitations of the technique using SWOT analysis, and then focuses on its utility when integrated with other methods for water resource management in Thailand. The findings indicate that AHP can be utilized for all types of water resource manage-ment focused on criteria concerning social, economic and environmental factors. Furthermore, the efficacy of AHP can be enhanced when integrated with other techniques. Application of AHP in Thailand could be combined with the Delphi technique to identify key criteria for resolving bias problems regarding goal and criteria.

The biochar produced from the agricultural wastes was aimed to amend the extreme degraded soil. The properties of biochar prepared from Acacia wood and coconut shell were investigated by different pyrolysis conditions in order to identify the suitable initial biomass of biochar applied for sandy soil amendment. The slow pyrolysis was applied for preparing biochar under different conditions. The temperature was varied from 300, 400 and 500 o C meanwhile the pyrolysis times were varied to 1, 2 and 3 hours. The parameters indicating biochar property are SA, APD, elemental contents of C, H, O and N, pH, CEC, and WHC. The properties of Acacia biochar and coconut shell biochar were compared using paired T-test at 95% confident interval to analyze the significant difference. The results indicated that the types of the initial biomass and the pyrolysis conditions have an impact on the properties of biochar for both physical and chemical. The suitable temperature was 500 °C for 2 hours. The different types of biomass are significantly effect on the SA, C and O contents, pH, CEC and WHC of the prepared biochar (P<0.05). Properties of Acacia wood biochar indicate that it is more suitable than coconut shell biochar to be applied as sandy soil amendment due to its higher SA, higher CEC, and neutral pH. Meanwhile, coconut shell biochar also can be applied for the typical soil appropriate and increase crop yield.

This study aimed to analyse and assess desertification risks in the Upper Phetchaburi River Basin. Upstream areas are especially crucial for aquatic ecosystems since the mid- and downstream areas are continuously being utilized for agricultural and community purposes. Many parts of the basin have been at moderate risk of drought. The fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) is an effective and widely accepted model used to identify complicated environmental problems and disasters and prioritize factors in environmental studies. This study emphasized on four main factors influencing drought: Climate, physical factors, soil and land utilization factors. Each factor contains ten sub-criteria to identify severity levels and specific issues. The major areas of the basin were facing different risk levels: moderate (21%), high (5.79%) and severe (0.07%). Precipitation and slope gradient were the main factors affecting drought risks. The problematic areas were agricultural areas located in...

This study investigated the dietary diversity and biomass of the elephants (Elephas maximus) ranging in the area adjoining Kaeng Krachan Natural Park, Pa Deng Sub-district, Kaeng Krachan District, Petchaburi Province, Thailand. The investigation was conducted by recon-naissance survey transect (Recce) combined with concentric sample plots with 3 different radii to observe vegetation and collect data on trees, saplings, seedlings, and undergrowth from 89 locations in the study area. Six transects along elephant feeding trails were surveyed at 200 m intervals within 15 m from the center of both sides of each line. The vegetation comprised in all 57 families and 140 plant species, of which 28 families and 51 species formed part of the elephant diets. The average biomass in the study area ranged from 8,314-65,863 tons km-2, with an average of 25,000 tons km-2. Huay Rae - Hub Pla Kang trail found the greatest amount of biomass which is 65,863 tons km-2.

This research proposes the application of the Land-Water-Population (LWPM) concept in the upper part of the Pranburi Watershed. The objective of the study is to develop a model for agricultural resources management under the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy (SEP). The methodology is divided into three parts; 1) evaluate the soil quality in agricultural areas, 2) analyze water quality in agricultural land; and 3) assess farmer practice in agricultural resources management using a questionnaire. The study findings point to problems in soil and water conservation, suggesting that in the area should prioritize agricultural management, as advocated under the SEP, which provides guidelines for practicing agriculture under the New Theory on land and water management. Adoption of this model under the SEP will facilitate integrated natural resource management and sustainable agriculture by stakeholder participation at community level.

Lam Ta Kong Watershed, a sub-basin of Mun Basin, has had a high economica l growing rate. Along with that co mes a growing demand for water and there was only one source of water, the Lam Ta Kong Reservoir, to support all activit ies within the watershed. As a re sult, the Lam Ta Kong Watershed has had a long history of water shonage and it might cause another wa ter conflict In the future. This research aimed to ana lyze the water scarcity among the different sectors in the Lam Ta Kong Watershed which was subject to the economic and spatial development plan of the government. This study was divided into 11 scenarios to evaluate the water use unde r the li mitation of its water resource. The results of this study showed that the Lam Ta Kong Watershed was on the brink of a water shortage and that this problem was estimated peak in the year 2024. • corresponding author

The study proposes a strategic sustainable development (SD) framework for the special economic zones in the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) by investigating 11 key factors to the success of SD, using the concepts of Strategic Environment Assessment (SEA) and Sustainability Assessment (SA). The key factors are 1) public education, 2) educational system, 3) international SDstandard, 4) policy, 5) management structure, 6) environmental management, 7) zoning, 8) expenditure, 9) public participation, 10) public health and 11) local business protection. The study use qualitative methods including a literature review as well as collection of primary data through a semi-structured interview form by face-to-face in-depth interviewing with 56 stakeholders selected through the triangulation and appreciative inquiry techniques. The data were qualitatively analyzed to present opinions, problems, needs and results according to SEA and SA. Using content analysis, an analysis was conducted of the st...