Books by Christopher Brooke
Philosophic Pride is the first full-scale look at the essential place of Stoicism in the foundati... more Philosophic Pride is the first full-scale look at the essential place of Stoicism in the foundations of modern political thought. Spanning the period from Justus Lipsius's Politics in 1589 to Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Emile in 1762, and concentrating on arguments originating from England, France, and the Netherlands, the book considers how political writers of the period engaged with the ideas of the Roman and Greek Stoics that they found in works by Cicero, Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius. Christopher Brooke examines key texts in their historical context, paying special attention to the history of classical scholarship and the historiography of philosophy.
Brooke delves into the persisting tension between Stoicism and the tradition of Augustinian anti-Stoic criticism, which held Stoicism to be a philosophy for the proud who denied their fallen condition. Concentrating on arguments in moral psychology surrounding the foundations of human sociability and self-love, Philosophic Pride details how the engagement with Roman Stoicism shaped early modern political philosophy and offers significant new interpretations of Lipsius and Rousseau together with fresh perspectives on the political thought of Hugo Grotius and Thomas Hobbes.
Philosophic Pride shows how the legacy of the Stoics played a vital role in European intellectual life in the early modern era.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau has been cast as a champion of Enlightenment and a beacon of Romanticism, a... more Jean-Jacques Rousseau has been cast as a champion of Enlightenment and a beacon of Romanticism, a father figure of radical revolutionaries and totalitarian dictators alike, an inventor of the modern notion of the self, and an advocate of stern ancient republicanism. Engaging with Rousseau treats his writings as an enduring topic of debate, examining the diverse responses they have attracted from the Enlightenment to the present. Such notions as the general will were, for example, refracted through very different prisms during the struggle for independence in Latin America and in social conflicts in Eastern Europe, or modified by thinkers from Kant to contemporary political theorists. Beyond Rousseau's ideas, his public image too travelled around the world. This book examines engagement with Rousseau's works as well as with his self-fashioning; especially in turbulent times, his defiant public identity and his call for regeneration were admired or despised by intellectuals and political agents.
There has always been a strong relationship between education and philosophy - especially politic... more There has always been a strong relationship between education and philosophy - especially political philosophy. Renewed concern about the importance and efficacy of political education has revived key questions about the connections between the power to govern, and the power to educate. Although these themes are not always prominent in commentaries, political writings have often been very deeply concerned with both educational theory and practice. This invaluable book will introduce the reader to key concepts and disputes surrounding educational themes in the history of political thought.
The book draws together a fascinating range of educational pioneers and thinkers from the canon of philosophers and philosophical schools, from Plato and Aristotle, down to Edward Carpenter and John Dewey, with attention along the way paid to both individual authors like Thomas Hobbes and Mary Wollstonecraft, as well as to intellectual movements, such as the Scottish Enlightenment and the Utopian Socialists. Each thinker or group is positioned in their historical context, and each chapter addresses the structure of the theory and argument, considering both contemporaneous and current controversies. A number of themes run throughout the volume:
* an analysis of pedagogy, socialisation, schooling and university education, with particular relation to public and private life, and personal and political power
* references to the historical and intellectual context
* an overview of the current reception, understanding and interpretation of the thinker in question
* the educational legacy of the theories or theorists.
This book will be of interest to students, researchers and scholars of education, as well as students and teachers of political theory, the history of political thought, and social and political philosophy.
Education and Political Power Christopher Brooke and Elizabeth Frazer
1: Socrates, Plato, Eros and Liberal Education Mark L. McPherran
2: Aristotle’s Educational Politics and the Aristotelian Renaissance in the Philosophy of Education Randall Curren
3: Philosophy and Education in Stoicism of the Roman Imperial Era Gretchen J. Reydams-Schils
4: Medieval Theories of Education: Hugh of St. Victor and John of Salisbury Brian D. Fitzgerald
5: Education, Erasmian Humanism and More's Utopia John M. Parrish
6: Teaching the Leviathan: Thomas Hobbes on Education Teresa M. Bejan
7: Locke on Education and the Rights of Parents Alex Tuckness
8: Rousseau's Philosophy of Transformative De-naturing Education Patrick Riley
9: Educational Theory and the Social Vision of the Scottish Enlightenment Ryan Patrick Hanley
10: Mary Wollstonecraft and Catharine Macaulay on Education Elizabeth Frazer
11: Bildung and the Reform of German Higher Education Alexander Schmidt
12: Education and Utopia: Robert Owen and Charles Fourier David Leopold
13: Harriet Martineau and the Unitarian Tradition in Education Ruth Watts
14: J. S. Mill on Education Alan Ryan
15: Feminist Thinking on Education in Victorian England Laura Schwartz
16: Idealism and Education Andrew Vincent
17: 'Affection in Education': Edward Carpenter, John Addington Symonds and the Politics of Greek Love Josephine Crawley Quinn and Christopher Brooke
18: John Dewey: Saviour of American Education or Worse than Hitler? Richard Pring
Robert Wokler was one of the world's leading experts on Rousseau and the Enlightenment, but some ... more Robert Wokler was one of the world's leading experts on Rousseau and the Enlightenment, but some of his best work was published in the form of widely scattered and difficult-to-find essays. This book collects for the first time a representative selection of his most important essays on Rousseau and the legacy of Enlightenment political thought. These essays concern many of the great themes of the age, including liberty, equality and the origins of revolution. But they also address a number of less prominent debates, including those over cosmopolitanism, the nature and social role of music and the origins of the human sciences in the Enlightenment controversy over the relationship between humans and the great apes. These essays also explore Rousseau's relationships to Rameau, Pufendorf, Voltaire and Marx; reflect on the work of important earlier scholars of the Enlightenment, including Ernst Cassirer and Isaiah Berlin; and examine the influence of the Enlightenment on the twentieth century. One of the central themes of the book is a defense of the Enlightenment against the common charge that it bears responsibility for the Terror of the French Revolution, the totalitarian regimes of the twentieth-century and the Holocaust.
Foreword: Bryan Garsten
Introduction: Christopher Brooke
1. Perfectible Apes in Decadent Cultures: Rousseau's Anthropology Revisited
2. Rites of Passage and the Grand Tour: Discovering, Imagining and Inventing European Civilization in the Age of Enlightenment
3. Rousseau on Rameau and Revolution
4. Vagabond Reverie
5. The Enlightenment Hostilities of Voltaire and Rousseau
6. Rousseau's Pufendorf: Natural Law and the Foundations of Commercial Society
7. Rousseau's Reading of the Book of Genesis and the Theology of Commercial Society
8. The Manuscript Authority of Political Thoughts
9. Preparing the Definitive Edition of the Correspondance de Rousseau
10. Rousseau's Two Concepts of Liberty
11. The Enlightenment and the French Revolutionary Birth Pangs of Modernity
12. Rousseau and Marx
13. Ernst Cassirer's Enlightenment: An Exchange with Bruce Mazlish
14. Isaiah Berlin's Enlightenment and Counter-Enlightenment
15. Projecting the Enlightenment
Bibliography of the Published Work of Robert Wokler
Essays by Christopher Brooke
The Journal of Politics, 2020
The recent, crisp articulation of “nonintrinsic egalitarianism” emerged out of the critique of th... more The recent, crisp articulation of “nonintrinsic egalitarianism” emerged out of the critique of the influential distinction between “telic’’ and “deontic” egalitarianisms. Part of the promise of this approach is that it can be deployed in order to reintegrate these recent philosophical debates about equality with much older currents in the history of political thought. The article explains how the century of argument in England and France after 1650 created the intellectual space for the kind of presentation of nonintrinsic egalitarian ideas such as we find in Rousseau’s major political writings from the 1750s onward. In so doing, the article illustrates the striking extent to which fundamental political-theoretical disagreements are often driven not so much by competing normative commitments as by divergent understandings of how those commitments ramify through the sociological and institutional possibilities that disputants imagine are plausibly open to them.
The Historical Journal, 2020
Although the argument of the Essay on Population originated in a family disagreement between Malt... more Although the argument of the Essay on Population originated in a family disagreement between Malthus and his father Daniel, who idolized Rousseau, and the Essay itself attacks Condorcet and Godwin, both of whom drew on Rousseau’s ideas about human perfectibility, Malthus’ project can plausibly be seen as an extension of the social theory set out above all in Rousseau’s Discourse on the Origin of Inequality. Malthus was animated by some of Rousseau’s characteristic concerns, and he deployed recognisable versions of some of Rousseau’s distinctive arguments, in particular relating to the natural sociability and natural condition of humankind, conjectural history, and political economy, especially with respect to the question of balanced growth. His arguments about ‘decent pride’, furthermore, that were emphasised in later editions of the Essay map neatly onto what has been called ‘uninflamed amour-propre’ in the Rousseau literature. When we treat the social question as a nineteenth-century question, or when we locate its origins in the post-Revolutionary political controversies of the 1790s, we risk losing sight of the way in which what was being discussed were variations on mid-eighteenth-century themes.
The Wollstonecraftian Mind, 2019
Mary Wollstonecraft wrote that she was ‘half in love’ with Rousseau, but only half in love, and a... more Mary Wollstonecraft wrote that she was ‘half in love’ with Rousseau, but only half in love, and a slashing attack on Rousseau’s argument about the education of girls stands at the heart of her Vindication of the Rights of Woman. This chapter explores her engagement with Rousseau, outlining his presence in her intellectual life throughout the final, crucial decade of her life. In particular, it highlights the Enlightenment debate about providence involving Rousseau and Voltaire, as both responded to the 1755 Lisbon disaster in light of Leibniz’s theodicy, showing how the way in which Wollstonecraft worked through the problem of evil led her to very different views to those of Rousseau. Although the building blocks of their respective accounts of human development had common elements, such as perfectibility and the imagination, they came to understand the relationship between divine providence, human action, and the passage of time in quite different ways. Rousseau held that God had made the best world that He could, and that it was up to human beings not to wreck it; Wollstonecraft saw history as the process through which humans put their divinely-given attributes of freedom, reason, perfectibility and imagination to work, thereby making a passage from savagery towards a perfected social state. With these theological, anthropological, and moral-psychological disagreements in place, the chapter then turns to Rousseau’s account of the education of Sophie in his novel Emile in order to indicate why Wollstonecraft reacted with such vehement hostility to what he had to say.
European Journal of Political Theory, 2018
The 18th-century French political theorist the Baron de Montesquieu described honour as the ‘prin... more The 18th-century French political theorist the Baron de Montesquieu described honour as the ‘principle’ – or animating force – of a well-functioning monarchy, which he thought the appropriate regime type for an economically unequal society extended over a broad territory. Existing literature often presents this honour in terms of lofty ambition, the desire for preference and distinction, a spring for political agency or a spur to the most admirable kind of conduct in public life and the performance of great deeds. Perhaps so. But it also seems to involve quite a bit of what the contemporary philosopher Aaron James calls ‘being an asshole’, and the article will explore what happens to Montesquieu’s political theory of monarchy – which is foundational for an understanding of modern politics – when we reverse the usual perspective and consider it through the lens of the arsehole aristocracy.
As Istvan Hont notes in his contribution to the Festschrift for John Dunn, Adam Smith’s history o... more As Istvan Hont notes in his contribution to the Festschrift for John Dunn, Adam Smith’s history of the rise and fall of the ancient republics from his Glasgow lectures on jurisprudence discussed ‘the transition from the shepherd to the agricultural stage’ not only concerning to the well-known cases of Greece and Rome, but also with respect to Carthage (Political Judgement, p. 156). Just as Montesquieu had done before him, Smith not only considered the question of why the Romans defeated the Carthaginians in the Punic Wars, but also argued that the Carthagianian republic could not have been sustained in the counterfactual history of Carthage having defeated Rome. Smith’s argument shared many points of detail with Montesquieu’s, though there was one point of fundamental theoretical disagreement. Montesquieu held that Carthage and Rome offered examples of different regime types: Carthage was commercial, but Rome was not. Smith (along with Voltaire, as it happened) recognised that Rome was also a commercial society, and that Montesquieu’s argument in the Considerations of the Causes of the Greatness of the Romans and of their Decline that Rome fell because she could not navigate the transition to commercial life must be wrong. Since the richest kind of eighteenth-century political thought—as Hont has relentlessly argued—concerned the economic limits to politics and the rise of commerce as a reason of state, these (and other) Enlightenment reflections on Carthage, the ancient commercial republic par excellence, promise to be instructive, and the paper will reconstruct the eighteenth century conversation from Pierre-Daniel Huet’s work on ancient commerce in 1716 down to the publication of The Wealth of Nations in 1776.
Forthcoming in Béla Kapossy, Isaac Nakhimovsky, and Richard Whatmore, eds., "Commerce and Perpetual Peace" (Cambridge).
Over three decades, Isaiah Berlin repeatedly returned to the problem of Rousseau’s influence on r... more Over three decades, Isaiah Berlin repeatedly returned to the problem of Rousseau’s influence on romanticism, without ever dealing with it to his satisfaction. Berlin clearly disliked Rousseau intensely, but felt it impossible to ignore him. Why? In the paper I explore the sources of Berlin’s distinctive engagement with Rousseau, which reached its high tide in 1952, paying particular attention to the general view of the Enlightenment he absorbed from his 1930s encounter with Plekhanov, as well as to the philosophical backlash against idealism, Harold Laski, Irving Babbitt’s work on Rousseau, and Berlin’s postwar friendship with J. L. Talmon.
Forthcoming in Ritchie Robertson and Laurence Brockliss, eds., "Isaiah Berlin and the Enlightenment" (Oxford, 2016).
Although Isaiah Berlin considered Rousseau to be one of the ‘enemies of human liberty’ and Michae... more Although Isaiah Berlin considered Rousseau to be one of the ‘enemies of human liberty’ and Michael Oakeshott had very little to say on the subject, there were a number of significant Rousseau scholars from among their near-contemporaries working in British universities, including Alfred Cobban (1901-68), John Spink (1909-85), John Plamenatz (1912-75), Ralph Leigh (1915-1987), and Ronald Grimsley (1915-2003). The chapter surveys the arc of Rousseau scholarship in Britain from the appearance of C. E. Vaughan’s edition of the Political Writings in 1915 until the death of Plamenatz in 1975. It considers in turn the fortunes of idealism in the interwar period, the emergence of historical scholarship on Rousseau in the 1930s, the contribution of postwar French literature scholars, and the arguments of the political theorists—especially Berlin, Oakeshott, and Plamenatz—in order to supply the intellectual background to the more recent renaissance in Anglophone Rousseau studies, which we associate above all with the successor generation of Robert Wokler, John Charvet, Nicholas Dent, Timothy O’Hagan et al.
Forthcoming in Avi Lifschitz, ed., "Engaging with Rousseau: Reception and Interpretations from the Eighteenth Century to the Present" (Cambridge).
Although Rawls is best known as a ‘neo-Kantian’ philosopher, there have always been grounds for c... more Although Rawls is best known as a ‘neo-Kantian’ philosopher, there have always been grounds for considering his political theory as being fundamentally Rousseauist, with his principles of justice serving as analogues for Rousseau’s general will. The posthumous Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy permit us to explore the relationship between Rawls and Rousseau in more detail, by considering the extent to which Rawls’s interpretation of Rousseau’s political thought is itself distinctively ‘Rawlsian’. The paper outlines key elements of Rawls’s exposition of Rousseau, paying particular attention to his appeal to the ‘wide’ view of amour-propre and his treatment of Rousseau’s legislator as a way of addressing the ‘problem of stability’. It also highlights differences of emphasis between Rawls and Rousseau concerning political temporality and the requirements of equality. Rawls’s Rousseau is one that accentuates the more ‘Kantian’ aspect of his thought at the expense of what we might call the more ‘Montesquieuvian’ strains, and this, it is argued, helps Rawls to present a version of Rousseau’s argument better able to speak to our own, very different, political context.
Published in James Farr and David Lay Williams, eds., "The General Will: Evolution of a Concept" (Cambridge, 2015)
Essay published as part of the New Left Project's symposium on Oscar Wilde's "The Soul of Man und... more Essay published as part of the New Left Project's symposium on Oscar Wilde's "The Soul of Man under Socialism", January 2014
Self–Evident Truths? The Enlightenment and Human Rights: The 2010 Amnesty Lectures
The paper examines Edward Carpenter's 1899 essay on education that defended the value of powerful... more The paper examines Edward Carpenter's 1899 essay on education that defended the value of powerful same-sex attachments, either between older and younger boys or between teachers and pupils, in the context of Victorian ideologies of same-sex affection. Linda Dowling has described how `a homosexual counterdiscourse able to justify male love in ideal or transcendental terms' was fashioned out of the discourse of Greek studies in 19th-century Oxford by Walter Pater, Oscar Wilde and the Uranian poets. We argue that Carpenter's position in both `Affection in Education' and his pamphlet on Homogenic love is best interpreted not in terms of this particular counterdiscourse so much as in light of John Addington Symonds' sharp political reaction against it, a reaction that was grounded in recent historical scholarship on the ancient Greeks and which rejected the idealisation of intellectualised, aristocratic boy-love in favour of a vision of egalitarian sexual relationships between men, and which was, in Carpenter's own case, very closely associated with his own ideals of social and political progress.
For thirty years now there has been considerable debate concerning the foundations of modern natu... more For thirty years now there has been considerable debate concerning the foundations of modern natural law theory, with Richard Tuck emphasising the role self-preservation plays in anchoring Grotius's system and his critics pointing to the contribution of a principle of sociability. With reference to recent contributions in the literature on Stoicism from Julia Annas, A. A. Long and Tad Brennan, I argue that Grotius's use of the outline of Stoic ethics from Book III of Cicero's De finibus is crucial for understanding the nature of his argument. Drawing on Cicero's presentation of the Stoics' oikeiosis (Latin: appetitus societatis) helps Grotius to generate an argument which issues not in any demand for altruism, charity or mutual aid, but rather for organising justice around very strong protections for private property. The argument remains one about human sociability, however, and ought not to be mistaken for an account of self-interest, nor for a doctrine with substantially Epicurean roots.
Aux limites de la volonté générale : silence, exil, ruse et désobéissance dans la pensée politiqu... more Aux limites de la volonté générale : silence, exil, ruse et désobéissance dans la pensée politique de Rousseau », Les études philosophiques, 2007/4 n° 83, p. 425-444. Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour P.U.F.. © P.U.F.. Tous droits réservés pour tous pays.
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Books by Christopher Brooke
Brooke delves into the persisting tension between Stoicism and the tradition of Augustinian anti-Stoic criticism, which held Stoicism to be a philosophy for the proud who denied their fallen condition. Concentrating on arguments in moral psychology surrounding the foundations of human sociability and self-love, Philosophic Pride details how the engagement with Roman Stoicism shaped early modern political philosophy and offers significant new interpretations of Lipsius and Rousseau together with fresh perspectives on the political thought of Hugo Grotius and Thomas Hobbes.
Philosophic Pride shows how the legacy of the Stoics played a vital role in European intellectual life in the early modern era.
The book draws together a fascinating range of educational pioneers and thinkers from the canon of philosophers and philosophical schools, from Plato and Aristotle, down to Edward Carpenter and John Dewey, with attention along the way paid to both individual authors like Thomas Hobbes and Mary Wollstonecraft, as well as to intellectual movements, such as the Scottish Enlightenment and the Utopian Socialists. Each thinker or group is positioned in their historical context, and each chapter addresses the structure of the theory and argument, considering both contemporaneous and current controversies. A number of themes run throughout the volume:
* an analysis of pedagogy, socialisation, schooling and university education, with particular relation to public and private life, and personal and political power
* references to the historical and intellectual context
* an overview of the current reception, understanding and interpretation of the thinker in question
* the educational legacy of the theories or theorists.
This book will be of interest to students, researchers and scholars of education, as well as students and teachers of political theory, the history of political thought, and social and political philosophy.
Education and Political Power Christopher Brooke and Elizabeth Frazer
1: Socrates, Plato, Eros and Liberal Education Mark L. McPherran
2: Aristotle’s Educational Politics and the Aristotelian Renaissance in the Philosophy of Education Randall Curren
3: Philosophy and Education in Stoicism of the Roman Imperial Era Gretchen J. Reydams-Schils
4: Medieval Theories of Education: Hugh of St. Victor and John of Salisbury Brian D. Fitzgerald
5: Education, Erasmian Humanism and More's Utopia John M. Parrish
6: Teaching the Leviathan: Thomas Hobbes on Education Teresa M. Bejan
7: Locke on Education and the Rights of Parents Alex Tuckness
8: Rousseau's Philosophy of Transformative De-naturing Education Patrick Riley
9: Educational Theory and the Social Vision of the Scottish Enlightenment Ryan Patrick Hanley
10: Mary Wollstonecraft and Catharine Macaulay on Education Elizabeth Frazer
11: Bildung and the Reform of German Higher Education Alexander Schmidt
12: Education and Utopia: Robert Owen and Charles Fourier David Leopold
13: Harriet Martineau and the Unitarian Tradition in Education Ruth Watts
14: J. S. Mill on Education Alan Ryan
15: Feminist Thinking on Education in Victorian England Laura Schwartz
16: Idealism and Education Andrew Vincent
17: 'Affection in Education': Edward Carpenter, John Addington Symonds and the Politics of Greek Love Josephine Crawley Quinn and Christopher Brooke
18: John Dewey: Saviour of American Education or Worse than Hitler? Richard Pring
Foreword: Bryan Garsten
Introduction: Christopher Brooke
1. Perfectible Apes in Decadent Cultures: Rousseau's Anthropology Revisited
2. Rites of Passage and the Grand Tour: Discovering, Imagining and Inventing European Civilization in the Age of Enlightenment
3. Rousseau on Rameau and Revolution
4. Vagabond Reverie
5. The Enlightenment Hostilities of Voltaire and Rousseau
6. Rousseau's Pufendorf: Natural Law and the Foundations of Commercial Society
7. Rousseau's Reading of the Book of Genesis and the Theology of Commercial Society
8. The Manuscript Authority of Political Thoughts
9. Preparing the Definitive Edition of the Correspondance de Rousseau
10. Rousseau's Two Concepts of Liberty
11. The Enlightenment and the French Revolutionary Birth Pangs of Modernity
12. Rousseau and Marx
13. Ernst Cassirer's Enlightenment: An Exchange with Bruce Mazlish
14. Isaiah Berlin's Enlightenment and Counter-Enlightenment
15. Projecting the Enlightenment
Bibliography of the Published Work of Robert Wokler
Essays by Christopher Brooke
Forthcoming in Béla Kapossy, Isaac Nakhimovsky, and Richard Whatmore, eds., "Commerce and Perpetual Peace" (Cambridge).
Forthcoming in Ritchie Robertson and Laurence Brockliss, eds., "Isaiah Berlin and the Enlightenment" (Oxford, 2016).
Forthcoming in Avi Lifschitz, ed., "Engaging with Rousseau: Reception and Interpretations from the Eighteenth Century to the Present" (Cambridge).
Published in James Farr and David Lay Williams, eds., "The General Will: Evolution of a Concept" (Cambridge, 2015)
Brooke delves into the persisting tension between Stoicism and the tradition of Augustinian anti-Stoic criticism, which held Stoicism to be a philosophy for the proud who denied their fallen condition. Concentrating on arguments in moral psychology surrounding the foundations of human sociability and self-love, Philosophic Pride details how the engagement with Roman Stoicism shaped early modern political philosophy and offers significant new interpretations of Lipsius and Rousseau together with fresh perspectives on the political thought of Hugo Grotius and Thomas Hobbes.
Philosophic Pride shows how the legacy of the Stoics played a vital role in European intellectual life in the early modern era.
The book draws together a fascinating range of educational pioneers and thinkers from the canon of philosophers and philosophical schools, from Plato and Aristotle, down to Edward Carpenter and John Dewey, with attention along the way paid to both individual authors like Thomas Hobbes and Mary Wollstonecraft, as well as to intellectual movements, such as the Scottish Enlightenment and the Utopian Socialists. Each thinker or group is positioned in their historical context, and each chapter addresses the structure of the theory and argument, considering both contemporaneous and current controversies. A number of themes run throughout the volume:
* an analysis of pedagogy, socialisation, schooling and university education, with particular relation to public and private life, and personal and political power
* references to the historical and intellectual context
* an overview of the current reception, understanding and interpretation of the thinker in question
* the educational legacy of the theories or theorists.
This book will be of interest to students, researchers and scholars of education, as well as students and teachers of political theory, the history of political thought, and social and political philosophy.
Education and Political Power Christopher Brooke and Elizabeth Frazer
1: Socrates, Plato, Eros and Liberal Education Mark L. McPherran
2: Aristotle’s Educational Politics and the Aristotelian Renaissance in the Philosophy of Education Randall Curren
3: Philosophy and Education in Stoicism of the Roman Imperial Era Gretchen J. Reydams-Schils
4: Medieval Theories of Education: Hugh of St. Victor and John of Salisbury Brian D. Fitzgerald
5: Education, Erasmian Humanism and More's Utopia John M. Parrish
6: Teaching the Leviathan: Thomas Hobbes on Education Teresa M. Bejan
7: Locke on Education and the Rights of Parents Alex Tuckness
8: Rousseau's Philosophy of Transformative De-naturing Education Patrick Riley
9: Educational Theory and the Social Vision of the Scottish Enlightenment Ryan Patrick Hanley
10: Mary Wollstonecraft and Catharine Macaulay on Education Elizabeth Frazer
11: Bildung and the Reform of German Higher Education Alexander Schmidt
12: Education and Utopia: Robert Owen and Charles Fourier David Leopold
13: Harriet Martineau and the Unitarian Tradition in Education Ruth Watts
14: J. S. Mill on Education Alan Ryan
15: Feminist Thinking on Education in Victorian England Laura Schwartz
16: Idealism and Education Andrew Vincent
17: 'Affection in Education': Edward Carpenter, John Addington Symonds and the Politics of Greek Love Josephine Crawley Quinn and Christopher Brooke
18: John Dewey: Saviour of American Education or Worse than Hitler? Richard Pring
Foreword: Bryan Garsten
Introduction: Christopher Brooke
1. Perfectible Apes in Decadent Cultures: Rousseau's Anthropology Revisited
2. Rites of Passage and the Grand Tour: Discovering, Imagining and Inventing European Civilization in the Age of Enlightenment
3. Rousseau on Rameau and Revolution
4. Vagabond Reverie
5. The Enlightenment Hostilities of Voltaire and Rousseau
6. Rousseau's Pufendorf: Natural Law and the Foundations of Commercial Society
7. Rousseau's Reading of the Book of Genesis and the Theology of Commercial Society
8. The Manuscript Authority of Political Thoughts
9. Preparing the Definitive Edition of the Correspondance de Rousseau
10. Rousseau's Two Concepts of Liberty
11. The Enlightenment and the French Revolutionary Birth Pangs of Modernity
12. Rousseau and Marx
13. Ernst Cassirer's Enlightenment: An Exchange with Bruce Mazlish
14. Isaiah Berlin's Enlightenment and Counter-Enlightenment
15. Projecting the Enlightenment
Bibliography of the Published Work of Robert Wokler
Forthcoming in Béla Kapossy, Isaac Nakhimovsky, and Richard Whatmore, eds., "Commerce and Perpetual Peace" (Cambridge).
Forthcoming in Ritchie Robertson and Laurence Brockliss, eds., "Isaiah Berlin and the Enlightenment" (Oxford, 2016).
Forthcoming in Avi Lifschitz, ed., "Engaging with Rousseau: Reception and Interpretations from the Eighteenth Century to the Present" (Cambridge).
Published in James Farr and David Lay Williams, eds., "The General Will: Evolution of a Concept" (Cambridge, 2015)
in the History of Citizenship", Maison française d'Oxford, 8 February 2011.