Rt Horn

Rt Horn (špan. Cabo de Hornos, eng. Cape Horn) je rt pred čileanskim ostrvom Isla Hornos.

Historija

Rt Horn je navodno prvi put otkrio holandski navigator Cornelisz Willem Schouten 29. januara 1616. godine.

Do ranih 1600ih Dutch East India Company je imala monopol na svu holandsku trgovinu koja se odvijala preko Magelanovog prolaza i Rta Dobre nade (tada jedinih poznatih ruta iz Zapadne Evrope prema Dalekom istoku). Da bi pronašli još jedan alternativni pravac ka istoku, kao i pokušali pronaći Teru Australis, Isaac Le Maire ^[1],bogati Amsterdamski trgovac i Willem Schouten, vlasnik broda, su zajednički finansirali i vodili ekspediciju ^[2] na kojoj je prvi put zabilježeno postojanje Rta Horn.

Spominje se i da je vjerovatno Englez Sir Francis Drake već 30 godina ranije plovio oko Rta, no kraljica Elizabeta je to otkriće proglasila državnom tajnom.

Od ranih 1700ih do 1900ih preko Rta Horn se odvijao promet trgovačkim jedrenjacima, i tim se pravcem odvijao veliki dio svjetske trgovine između Evrope i Istoka.

Geografija

Iako se zove Horn (rog) to nije najjužnija tačka na američkom kopnu jer se ne nalazi južnije od otoka Diego Ramirez, no prije svega zbog opće poznatosti se često spominje kao najjužnija tačka Južne Amerike.

Godine 1945. rt Horn i okolna ostrva su proglašeni nacionalnim parkom.

Rt leži unutar čileanskih teritorijalnih voda, i čileanska mornarica je uspostavila stanicu sa svjetionikom na ostrvu Horn ^[3](udaljenu par stotina metara od samog Rta).

Procjenjuje se da se u moru oko rta Horn nalazi više od 800 potonulih brodova u kojima je poginulo više od 10.000 mornara. More pred rtom Horn je najveće groblje brodova na svijetu.

Note i reference

^ it seems to have been Le Maire who pursued the idea of such a passage [A History of Geographical Discovery and Exploration by J.N.L.Baker. London: George G. Harrap & Co., Ltd. 1931, p. 149]
^ THE RELATION OF a Wonderfull Voiage made by Willem Cornelison Schouten of Horne. Shewing how South from the Straights of Magelan in Terra Delfuego: he found and discovered a newe passage through the great South Seaes, and that way sayled round about the world. London: Imprinted by T.D. for Nathanaell Newbery, 1619 [Facsimile of the first edition in English. London: George Rainbird Limited for The World Publishing Company, Cleveland, Ohio, 1966], The Preface. “Translation thereof out of the Dutch, wherein it was written” by William Philip
^ Isla Hornos Lighthouse Arhivirano 11. 1. 2006. na Wayback Machine from Lighthouse Depot. Retrieved February 5, 2006.

Vanjski linkovi

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[1] t seems to have been Le Maire who pursued the idea of such a passage [A History of Geographical Discovery and Exploration by J.N.L.Baker. London: George G. Harrap & Co., Ltd. 1931, p. 149]

[2] THE RELATION OF a Wonderfull Voiage made by Willem Cornelison Schouten of Horne. Shewing how South from the Straights of Magelan in Terra Delfuego: he found and discovered a newe passage through the great South Seaes, and that way sayled round about the world. London: Imprinted by T.D. for Nathanaell Newbery, 1619 [Facsimile of the first edition in English. London: George Rainbird Limited for The World Publishing Company, Cleveland, Ohio, 1966], The Preface. “Translation thereof out of the Dutch, wherein it was written” by William Philip

[3] Isla Hornos Lighthouse Arhivirano 11. 1. 2006. na Wayback Machine from Lighthouse Depot. Retrieved February 5, 2006.

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