Citrobacter

	Citrobacter freundii
Sistematika
Domena	Bakterija
Koljeno	Proteobacteria
Razred	Gammaproteobacteria
Red	Enterobacterales
Porodica	Enterobacteriaceae
Rod	Citrobacter
Vrste
	C. amalonaticus; C. braakii; C. diversus; C. europaeus; C. farmeri; C. freundii; C. gillenii; C. koseri; C. murliniae; C. pasteurii; C. rodentium; C. sedlakii; C. werkmanii; C. youngae; C. portucalensis;

Citrobacter je rod of Gram-negativnih koliformnih bakterija u porodici Enterobacteriaceae.

Vrste C. amalonaticus, C. koseri i C. freundii mgu koristiti citrat kao jedini izvor ugljika. Vrste roda Citrobacter razlikuju se po svojoj sposobnosti da pretvore triptofan u indole (C. koseri je jedina citrobakterija koja je često pozitivna na indole), fermentiraju laktozu (C. koseri je fermentor laktoze) i koristite malonat.^[2]

Citrobacter pokazuje sposobnost akumuliranja urana, izgradnjom fosfatnih kompleksa.^[3]

Klinički značaj

Ove bakterije se mogu naći gotovo svugdje u tlu, vodi, otpadnim vodama itd. Također se mogu naći u crijevima čovjeka. Rijetko su izvor bolesti, osim infekcija gastrointestinalnog, mkračnog trakta i kod novorođenčadi meningitisa i sepse.^[4]^[5]

Sojevi C. freundii imaju inducibilne ampC gene koji kodiraju rezistenciju na ampicilin i prvu generaciju cefalosporina. Pored toga, izolati Citrobacter mogu biti rezistentni i na mnoge druge antibiotike, kao rezultat gena rezistencije kodiranih plazmidima.

Reference

^ ^a ^b ^c Parte, A.C. "Citrobacter". LPSN. Pristupljeno 18. 10. 2018.
^ Benjamin A. Lipsky; Edward W. Hook III; Arlene A. Smith & James J. Plorde (1980). "Citrobacter Infections in Humans: Experience at the Seattle Veterans Administration Medical Center and a Review of the Literature". Clin Infect Dis. 2 (5): 746–760. doi:10.1093/clinids/2.5.746. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 6763304.
^ L. E. Macaskie; R. M. Empson; A. K. Cheetham; C. P. Grey; A. J. Skarnulis (1992). "Uranium bioaccumulation by a Citrobacter sp. as a result of enzymically mediated growth of polycrystalline HUO₂PO₄". Science. 257 (5071): 782–784. Bibcode:1992Sci...257..782M. doi:10.1126/science.1496397. PMID 1496397.
^ V. Drelichman; J. D. Band (1985). "Bacteremias due to Citrobacter diversus and Citrobacter freundii. Incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcome". Archives of Internal Medicine. 145 (10): 1808–1810. doi:10.1001/archinte.145.10.1808. PMID 3899035.
^ Badger, J.D.; M.F. Stins; K.S. Kim (1999). "Citrobacter freundii Invades and Replicates in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells". Infection and Immunity. 67 (8): 4208–15. PMC 96726. PMID 10417193.

Vanjski linkovi

Citrobacter at DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures
Canada Public Health Data Sheet

[Citrobacter-1] Parte, A.C. "Citrobacter". LPSN. Pristupljeno 18. 10. 2018.

[Seattle_VA-2] Benjamin A. Lipsky; Edward W. Hook III; Arlene A. Smith & James J. Plorde (1980). "Citrobacter Infections in Humans: Experience at the Seattle Veterans Administration Medical Center and a Review of the Literature". Clin Infect Dis. 2 (5): 746–760. doi:10.1093/clinids/2.5.746. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 6763304.

[3] L. E. Macaskie; R. M. Empson; A. K. Cheetham; C. P. Grey; A. J. Skarnulis (1992). "Uranium bioaccumulation by a Citrobacter sp. as a result of enzymically mediated growth of polycrystalline HUO₂PO₄". Science. 257 (5071): 782–784. Bibcode:1992Sci...257..782M. doi:10.1126/science.1496397. PMID 1496397.

[4] V. Drelichman; J. D. Band (1985). "Bacteremias due to Citrobacter diversus and Citrobacter freundii. Incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcome". Archives of Internal Medicine. 145 (10): 1808–1810. doi:10.1001/archinte.145.10.1808. PMID 3899035.

[5] Badger, J.D.; M.F. Stins; K.S. Kim (1999). "Citrobacter freundii Invades and Replicates in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells". Infection and Immunity. 67 (8): 4208–15. PMC 96726. PMID 10417193.

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