Chemistry Education

THE EFFORTS OF SULFIDE MINERALS EMPLOYIOO AT BM-179 URANIUM ORE KALAN-KALBAR TO
PRODUCE H2SO4 USING CONTACT PROCESS. Eko remaja BM-179 uranilJll ore processing conducted by BATAN to
obtain U30S seems to be inefficient because at leaching state, it consumpts H2SO4 125 kg per ton ore. There is no
information about the efforts of mineral sulfide employing at BM-179 ore to support uranium processing. The purpose of
the study was the efforts to employ of mineral sulfide at ore's low uranium to produce H2SO4 using contact process,
which it would be, used at leaching state of Eko remaja BM-179 uranium ore processing Kaian-Kalbar. Magnetic
separator, flotation, knelson concentrator and shake table could conduct the enrichment of sulfide minerals. The study
reveals that magnetic separator method and flotation methods increased sulfur content significantJy. Magnetic separator
succeed to increase sulfur content to 9.58 times from sulfur's initial and produce 28.44 % H2SO4, while the flotation
method increased sulfur's content to 4.71 times from sulfurs initial and produce 22.19 % H2SO4.
Key words: BM-179 uranium ore, flotation, knelson concentrator, shake table, contact process, leaching

ABSTRAK UPAYA PEMANFAATAN MINERAL SULFIDA PADA BIJIH URANIUM BM-179 KALAN-KALBAR UNTUK PEMBUATAN H2S0. DENGAN PROSES KONTAK. Pengolahan Bijih BM-179 Eko remaja untuk memperoleh U30S yang dilakukan BATAN tampaknya kurang efisien karena mengkonsumsi H2SO4 125 kg/ton pada tahap pelindian/leaching. Untuk mengatasi hal ini dilakukan suatu upaya pemanfaatan mineral sulfida dalam bijih BM-179 ulrtuk mendukung pengolahan bijih uranium. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adaIah upaya pemanfaatan mineral sulfida dalam bijih uranium berkadar rendah guna menghasilkan H2S0. mQalui proses kontak yang bermanfaat untuk proses pengolahan bijih uranium BM-179 Eko remaja Kalan-Kalbar pada tahap pelindian. Pada penelitian in; dlakukan pengayaan mineral sulfida dengan metoda magnetik separator, flotasi, knelson konsentrator dan meja goyang. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metoda magnetik separator dan flotasi dapat meningkatkan kadar sulfur secara sigr:ifikan. Magnetik separator berhasil meningkatkan kadar sulfur daJam bijih sampai 9,58 kali kadar sulfur awalnya sarta mampu menghasilkan H2&O.28,44 %, sedangkan flotasi berhasil meningkatkan kadar sulfur 4,71 kali dari kadar sulfur awaJ dan menghasilkan H2S0422, 19 %. Kata ~unci: Bijih Uranium BM 179, flotasi, knelson konsentrator, meja goyang, proses kontak, peiindan. ABSTRACT THE EFFORTS OF SULFIDE MINERALS EMPLOYIOO AT BM-179 URANIUM ORE KALAN-KALBAR TO PRODUCE H2SO4 USING CONTACT PROCESS. Eko remaja BM-179 uranilJll ore processing conducted by BATAN to obtain U30S seems to be inefficient because at leaching state, it consumpts H2SO4 125 kg per ton ore. There is no information about the efforts of mineral sulfide employing at BM-179 ore to support uranium processing. The purpose of the study was the efforts to employ of mineral sulfide at ore's low uranium to produce H2SO4 using contact process, which it would be, used at leaching state of Eko remaja BM-179 uranium ore processing Kaian-Kalbar. Magnetic separator, flotation, knelson concentrator and shake table could conduct the enrichment of sulfide minerals. The study reveals that magnetic separator method and flotation methods increased sulfur content significantJy. Magnetic separator succeed to increase sulfur content to 9.58 times from sulfur's initial and produce 28.44 % H2SO4, while the flotation method increased sulfur's content to 4.71 times from sulfurs initial and produce 22.19 % H2SO4.

RACHMAT SAHPUTRA. Model of Spacial Distribution of Radionuclide on an Accident at PLTN (Accident Simulation of PLTN Muria). Under direction of TUN TEDJA IRAWADI, ALINDA FITRIANY M ZAIN and PURWANTININGSIH PLTN has a disadvantage that can cause a contamination to the environment widely when a serious accident occurred. The aforementioned accident would caused a leakage to the reactor, and this would caused a dispersion of the radionuclide resulted from the fission reaction into the environment, then into the air, and finally would deposited on the surface of the land by rain. The model of spacial distribution of radionuclide is needed to predict the pattern of radionuclide dissemination. This research was intended to map the distribution of radionuclide in the area of study caused by the accident that might occur at PLTN. The method used in mapping the radionuclide spacial distribution is initiated by the assumption that serious damages have occurred at type PWR reactor which is unable to stop the distribution of the radionuclide into the environment. Modeling of spacial distribution of radionuclide was done by using ArcGis 9.3 software, with radial basis function (RBF) method to study the impacted area that consist of 260 country sides which include regency of Jepara, Demak, Kudus, and Pati. Spacial modeling was done by distributing the calculated data on the surface coordinate of studied area at 360 O direction using 16 points of compass started from the distance of the source at 200 m up to 35000 m. The selection on the inventory at PWR reactor resulted in two important elements, and they are Cs-137 and I-131. Distribution area of radionuclide on the land surface will depend on the differences of land surface area and the vegetation. Seven days after the accident at PLTN, the radionuclide of Cs-137 and I-131 will be distributed more on land surface (69.979%) than on the vegetation surface (30.021%). After one month, radionuclide will be distributed more on the vegetation surface (40.749% of area) than on the land surface (22.999% of area), and similar conclusions are also true after 2, 3, and 4 months of accident at PLTN. Radionuclide experiences degradation due to distribution and adsorption on the non-vegetated land, and adsorption on the vegetated land with distribution rate value of radionuclide I-131 on the land surface is 1.884E-01/day. This value is higher than the degradation rate value of radionuclide Cs-137 at 1.013E-01/day. Model of spacial distribution of radionuclide Cs-137 and I-131 on the land surface of the area of study within the radius of 35 km from the source shows that seven days after the accident at PLTN, the PAZ (Precautionary action zone) zone is located on all of the area of study within radius of 35 km. That means that the radionuclide will be found on the 260 country sides. One month after the accident, the PAZ zone will be at 154 country sides which are located within the radius of 28.94 km from the source of accident. The areal of PAZ zone will keep decreasing after two, three, and four months of accident, and these areas will become the UPZ zones (Urgent Protective Action Planning Zone). Four months after the accident, the UPZ zones will be within the radius of 5.7 km, while the PAZ zone is located within the radius of 2.47 km. The PAZ zone will include the W001 country side. Prediction on the areal distribution of Cs-137 using arcGis 9.2 resulted in the formation of maps for distribution model of radionuclide on an accident at PLTN in the year of 2010, 2020, 2025, and 2030, to give the areal distribution of radionuclide that is acceptable and is not different significantly.

The BM-179 uranium ore is the ore rock from Kalan that derived shaft 179 m at Ekoremaja Hill in Kalan-West-Kalimantan Indonesia that has uranium and sulphide minerals and mineral complex combinations. This study aims to identify of radiometric and mineragraphy analysis qualitatively against sulfide and uranium minerals at BM-179 Kalan-West-Kalimantan uranium ore. The method of research begins done by cutting 3-8 cm ore using a grandsaw cutlery, sample selection using the ROS (radiometric ore sorting) by SPP-NF and mineral identification using mineragraphy analysis (polishes method) through the use of mount press for microstructural analysis, polisher ecomet III grinder tool and reflectance microscopy. The results obtained are BM-179 Kalan uranium ore size 3-8 cm has radiometric less than 1000 cps as much as 75% by weight of the ore and has radiometric more than 1000 cps as much as 25% by weight of the ore. From the results of the identification of mineragraphy ore known that many uranium minerals contained in the ore by radiometric more than 1250 cps, while there are many sulfide minerals in the ore which has a radiometric less than 1250 cps. Qualitatively known that the sulfide content of up to 5 % contained at the BM-179 ore with radiometric 150-500 cps, and the highest uranium content reaches 3 % contained at the BM-179 ore with radiometric 5000-15000 cps.

THE EFFORTS OF SULFIDE MINERALS EMPLOYIOO AT BM-179 URANIUM ORE KALAN-KALBAR TO PRODUCE H2SO4 USING CONTACT PROCESS. Eko remaja BM-179 uranilJll ore processing conducted by BATAN to obtain U30S seems to be inefficient because at leaching state, it consumpts H2SO4 125 kg per ton ore. There is no information about the efforts of mineral sulfide employing at BM-179 ore to support uranium processing. The purpose of the study was the efforts to employ of mineral sulfide at ore's low uranium to produce H2SO4 using contact process, which it would be, used at leaching state of Eko remaja BM-179 uranium ore processing Kaian-Kalbar. Magnetic separator, flotation, knelson concentrator and shake table could conduct the enrichment of sulfide minerals. The study reveals that magnetic separator method and flotation methods increased sulfur content significantJy. Magnetic separator succeed to increase sulfur content to 9.58 times from sulfur's initial and produce 28.44 % H2SO4, while the flotation method increased sulfur's content to 4.71 times from sulfurs initial and produce 22.19 % H2SO4.

Learning in the understanding of acid-base chemistry in schools needs to be improved so research to determine differences in learning outcomes between students taught using environmental approaches and methods lectures in class XI SMA on acid-base subject needs to be done. In this study, using a quasi-experimental method using a data collection tool achievement test essay form. The test statistic results of the post-test learning has been obtained Asymp value. Sig (2-tailed) 0,026 that showed the differences between students' learning outcomes with a control experimental class with effect size of 0.63 or much influence difference with the percentage 23.57% which indicated that the learning environment approach can improve learning outcomes of high school students.

The purposed of this research is to finded out there are differences in SAINS student learned outcome before and after the applied problem based learning model in grade VI student of SDN 13 Nanga Pinoh. Besided this research also provide benefits for researcher, school, teachers, students and for ather researchers. This research used pre experimental type with One Group Pretest-Posttest design. Consist of four meetings. The population in this research has all students of grade VI A SDN 13 Nanga Pinoh, and sample selection in this research used saturated sample technique that is all member of population, with details of 9 female students and 13 male students. The data collection techniques in this research used multiple choice tes questions, and used content validity, instrument reliability KR 20, normality test and hypothesis test (t test). The validation on this research based on exspert opinion was valid without notation. Result of reliability test was r count > r table (0,600 > 0,443 on pre test and 0,937 > 0,443 on post test). Result of Normality test was z hitung < z tabel (0,180 < 0,183 on pre test and 0,118 < 0,183 on post test).The results in this research was the average pre test is 55,11 and average of post test was 76,9. So it can be know the difference of the average is 21,79. Then the hypothesis test is obtained t hitung < t tabel (0,977 < 2,086) H 0 is rejected and H 1 accepted.so it can be cocluded that there is significant diffeence of average before and after given the treatment. This means is The different from the application of problem based learning model to student learning outcome.

This study aims to see the significance effect of bamboo dancing learning model on learning outcomes in natural science subjects (IPA). The location of this research is at State Elementary School No. 11 Nanga Pinoh. The location of this research is at State Elementary School No. 11 Nanga Pinoh. This type of research is a pre-experiment research with one-group pretest-posttest design. The population of this research is the students of class VI SDN 11 Nanga Pinoh academic year 2017/2018. The sample was obtained by class VI with 29 students. The data analysis technique used is t-test. The result of this research shows that the influence of bamboo dancing learning model on the result of study on the subject of Natural Science (IPA) obtained by t-test calculation is obtained tcount = 3,75> table = 2,10. based on the results of data analysis obtained conclusion from pretest value before applied bamboo dancing learning model that is with average 60,46 and posttest value after applied bamboo dancing learning model that is with average 77,47. meaning the results of this study indicate that the influence of bamboo dancing learning model has a significant effect on the results of learning, especially on subjects of Natural Sciences (IPA). Based on the data analysis of N-Gain High category score of 6 students, medium category as many as 16 students, and low category as many as 7 students.

Increasing Student Interest With Inquiry Approach Lesson In Natural Sciences (IPA) Primary School. Students' interest in learning Natural Sciences (IPA) which is characterized by relatively low less attention and less active students during learning in the classroom. This study is intended as an effort to increase student interest in learning the science subjects. The study was conducted by the method of Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted an inquiry approach to fourth grade students in public elementary school Tanjung Sari No.18 Nanga Pinoh using instruments such as observation sheets. The data were tested for normality distribution of the observation of the data with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk and t-test for the significance of differences in the data each cycle. The results of the research that has been conducted in two cycles of learning for 22 students in action cycle I gained interest in learning with the percentage of 57.47%. Through the inquiry approach to learning that is done has improved the students' interest in learning science subjects with the results of the data obtained in the second cycle as much as 100% of students have been interested in the science lessons, characterized by high enthusiasm to learn and actively take part in the experiment are taught. Thus through the inquiry approach has been able to increase student interest, especially in natural science subjects and can improve the process.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengetahuaan alatalat praktikum kimia peserta didik kelas X Sains SMA Swasta Indonesia Muda. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan metode studi kasus. Sampel penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas X Sains SMA Swasta Indonesia Muda tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampel jenuh berjumlah 20 peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik pengukuran, dengan skala pengukuran yang digunakan yaitu skala interval. Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah uji soal pengetahuan alat alat praktikum yang diberikan melalui aplikasi Google form. Data hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa nilai ratarata pengetahuan peserta didik terhadap alat gelas ukur, gelas kimia, batang pengaduk, corong, labu ukur, botol semprot, penjepit kayu, pipet tetes. Berdasarkan data ratarata nilai dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan peserta didik terhadap alat gelas ukur 50, gelas kimia 81,67, batang pengaduk 70, corong 86,67, labu ukur 75, botol semprot 90, penjepit tabung reaksi 83,33, pipet tetes 83,33. Dari data nilai ratarata dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan peserta didik terhadap gelas ukur dikategorikan kurang, gelas kimia, corong, botol semprot, penjepit tabung reaksi dan pipet tetes dikategorikan baik sekali, batang pengaduk dan labu ukur dikategorikan baik.

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan perbedaan minat dan hasil belajar siswa serta pengaruh model pembelajaran kontekstual berbasis lingkungan terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasi Experimental Design dengan rancangan “ Nonequivalent Control Group Pretest Posttest Design” yang melibatkan 2 sampel yaitu kelas XI IPA 1 sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas XI IPA 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen. Hasil analisis data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan minat dan hasil belajar siswa yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dengan kelas kontrol sesudah menggunakan model pembelajaran kontekstual berbasis lingkungan. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan uji- t angket minat belajar (α ≤ 0,05) diperoleh nilai sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0,030 dan uji- t posttest (α ≤ 0,05) diperoleh nilai sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000. Hasil belajar siswa kelas XI pada materi koloid di SMAN 1 Mandor meningkat sebesar 42,51%. Dengan demikian model pembelajaran kontekstual berbas...

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi redoks siswa kelas XB SMA Negeri 4 Sungai Raya menggunakan model pembelajaran CUPs ( Conceptual Understanding Procedures ). Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) sebanyak dua siklus. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan teknik pengukuran hasil belajar, observasi, dan wawancara. Indikator keberhasilan penelitian ini dari pra tindakan sampai dilakukannya siklus I dan siklus II yaitu meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa masing-masing sebesar ≥50%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase peningkatan aktivitas siswa pada siklus I sebesar 38,75% dan pada siklus II 53%, sedangkan persentase ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I sebesar 55,56% dan 77,78% pada siklus II. Penggunaan model pembelajaran CUPs ( Conceptual Understanding Procedures ) dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran kimia khususnya reaksi redoks. Kata K...

Abstrak: Penelitian ini betujuan untuk: 1) menentukan ada tidaknya perbedaan sikap ilmiah dan hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran inkuiri metode praktikum dengan siswa yang menggunakan model konvensional metode praktikum, 2) mengetahui besarnya pengaruh model inkuiri metode praktikum terhadap sikap ilmiah dan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI IPA  SMA Negeri 9 Pontianak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen semu dengan rancangan “ Nonequivalen Control Group” . Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 1 dan XI IPA 3. Nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa kelas eskperimen sebesar 88,4 lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas kontrol yaitu 78,5. Persentase sikap ilmiah kelas eksperimen sebesar 90,67% dan pada kelas kontrol sebesar 62,77%. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar dan sikap ilmiah siswa kelas eksperimen dan kontrol dengan nilai p-value= 0,000 &lt; 0,05. Perhitungan effect size model inkuiri metode praktikum diperoleh nilai...

The BM-179 uranium ore is the ore rock from Kalan that derived shaft 179 m at Ekoremaja Hill in Kalan-West-Kalimantan Indonesia that has uranium and sulphide minerals and mineral complex combinations. This study aims to identify of radiometric and mineragraphy analysis qualitatively against sulfide and uranium minerals at BM-179 Kalan-West-Kalimantan uranium ore. The method of research begins done by cutting 3-8 cm ore using a grandsaw cutlery, sample selection using the ROS (radiometric ore sorting) by SPP-NF and mineral identification using mineragraphy analysis (polishes method) through the use of mount press for microstructural analysis, polisher ecomet III grinder tool and reflectance microscopy. The results obtained are BM-179 Kalan uranium ore size 3-8 cm has radiometric less than 1000 cps as much as 75% by weight of the ore and has radiometric more than 1000 cps as much as 25% by weight of the ore. From the results of the identification of mineragraphy ore known that many ur...

A good understanding of the three levels of chemical representations is required to understand the concepts of chemical bonding. However, most students are difficult to understand chemical bonding topics due to the abstract concepts and the learning resources used don’t fully integrate the three levels of chemical representations. Therefore, learning resources that cover all of the chemical representations and visualize the abstract concepts are needed. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of validity and responses of teachers and students to the developed chemical bonding module based on multiple representations assisted by AR  technology. This type of research is research and development that refers to the ADDIE instructional design model. The instrument used in this research is the sheet of validity and the response questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using percentage analysis techniques. The product of this research is a chemical bond module based on m...