Agriculture

This study entitled "PERFORMANCE OF MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (Performance Studies Member of Legislative Assembly Perspective Public Opinion in the City Tasikmalaya)". The purpose of this study is to investigate in depth and obtain a descriptive about to find out public opinion on Parliament's performance in terms of the City Tasikmalaya resposivitas, reliability and accountability. The research method used was qualitative-descriptive, with the informant selection techniques using purposive sampling. Collecting data through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentary studies. The method of analysis used is Interactive Analysis Model to the validity of data was tested using Trianggulasi Sources. The results showed that by looking at indicators of responsiveness, reliability, accountability and implementation of the functions of Parliament is seen that legislators Tasikmalaya City has not shown a good performance. When the members of the City Legislature Tasikmalaya showed good performance and the public quite satisfied with its performance then it did not rule on the coming election period they will be re-elected, but if this is the opposite then it is possible to describe the members of this council will be left and will not be selected again by the voters in the upcoming election period.

Indonesia merupakan negara hutan tropis yang luas, maka tak heran negara ini menjadi negara megabiodiversitas. Jamur tiram merupakan salah satu hasil kekayaan alam Indonesia yang memiliki potensi sebagai tanaman kesehatan dan obat. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memunculkan potensi aktivitas antioksidan pada jamur tiram yang banyak dibudidaya di Kalimantan Timur khususnya Samarinda. Sampel kami ambil dari rumah jamur borneo dan penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kimia Hasil Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Mulawarman. Metode ekstraksi bertingkat menggunakan n-heksan, etil asetat, dan etanol. Metode antioksidan yang digunakan adalah penangkal radikal bebas (DPPH) dengan masing-masing tiga kali pengulangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi pada ekstrak air dengan nilai penghambatan 25% pada kosentrasi 100 ppm. Pada ekstrak heksan merupakan hambatan terkecil dengan nilai penghambatan 2,41% pada kosentrasi 25ppm. 

Indonesia merupakan negara hutan tropis yang luas, maka tak heran negara ini menjadi negara megabiodiversitas. Jamur tiram merupakan salah satu hasil kekayaan alam Indonesia yang memiliki potensi sebagai tanaman kesehatan dan obat. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memunculkan potensi aktivitas antioksidan pada jamur tiram yang banyak dibudidaya di Kalimantan Timur khususnya Samarinda. Sampel kami ambil dari rumah jamur borneo dan penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kimia Hasil Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Mulawarman. Metode ekstraksi bertingkat menggunakan n-heksan, etil asetat, dan etanol. Metode antioksidan yang digunakan adalah penangkal radikal bebas (DPPH) dengan masing-masing tiga kali pengulangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi pada ekstrak air dengan nilai penghambatan 25% pada kosentrasi 100 ppm. Pada ekstrak heksan merupakan hambatan terkecil dengan nilai penghambatan 2,41% pada kosentrasi 25ppm. 

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is not a new food for the community. Long time ago oyster mushrooms is food but not so well known. Now oyster mushrooms have been accepted by the community as a healthy food. This is the background of this research to produce mushrooms not only as nutritious food but also natural medicine. The purpose of this study was to examine the antimicrobial potential of oyster mushrooms by determination of clear zone against Candida albicans and Propionibacterium acnes bacterias. This research was conducted at Forest Products Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University. The resources of oyster mushroom we used in this study comes from the cultivation of the entrepreanure forestry student group in Mulawarman University. This study used successful extraction with hexane solvent, ethyl acetate, ethanol, water, and crude ethanol. The results obtained that the highest antimicrobial inhibition against Candida albicans bacteria with 47.60% w...

R. mucronata has been widely used as a traditional medicinal plant because it is capable of producing secondary metabolites such as tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, sapponins and flavonoids. This study discusses the potential of leaf and stem bark as inhibitors of R. solanacearum with the concentrations of 5000 ppm, 10000 ppm and 20000 ppm, positive control (Chlorampenicol), and negative control (Ethanol 40%). The method used for the inhibitory assay uses the agar diffusion method. The results showed the moisture factor of leaves of R. mucronata (0.33g) stem bark (0.58g). The yield of leaf extract (17.61%) stem bark (7.85%). The percentage of inhibition showed that R. mucronata leaf extract had inhibition on R.

White-oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is a favorite meal in Indonesia. Previously this fungus was known as a useless plant, but after the nutrition is known, everything changes. People tried to cultivate it because the nutrients contents are very good for body health. Therefore, to support this added value in the field of health, especially antimicrobials and antioxidants, this research needs to be done. This research used successive extraction with hexane solvent, acetate ethyl, ethanol, water, and crude ethanol by antimicrobial assay, antioxidants assay (DPPH), total antioxidant content, total phenolic content. The highest results on barrier antimicrobial test which occurred against Candida albicans bacteria was 47.60 % with 100 ppm concentration. While, on antimicrobial assay using Propionibacterium acnes bacteria, there was no significant inhibition. Regarding the antioxidant test against DPPH, the result showed the occurrence of free radical by 25 % on water extraction at the concentration of 100 ppm. Continuously, the total antioxidant content assay showed the ethyl acetate had the highest value of 368.708 mg gae/g. The results of the total content phenolic assay showed the solvent hexane had the value of 78.495 mg gae/g. These findings indicated that mushroom has an active phenolic compound with no contribution to impede its working on Candida albicans assay.

Tanaman paku merupakan tanaman yang tumbuh subur dan liar di wilayah tropis, kehadirannya dalam dunia pertanian sebagai gulma, namun di sisi lain juga bermanfaat sebagai tanaman obat (hortikultur). Kehadiran tanaman paku sebagai obat diharapkan menjadi alternative bahan baru dalam pengobatan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Perlindungan Tanaman, Jurusan Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Borneo Tarakan. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu ekstrak daun S. Palustris dan P. Caudatum dengan konsentrasi 2%, 1% dan 0,5%. kontrol positif pada penelitian ini yaitu chloramphenicol dan kontrol negatif etanol 40%. Variabel yang diamati adalah perhitungan faktor kelembaban, persentase rendemen dan persentase diameter daerah hambatan (DDH). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen ekstrak P. Caudatum 2,5% sedangkan S. Palustris 1.6%. Selain itu hasil DDH menampilkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun S. palustris dan P. caudatum pada konsentrasi 0.5%, 1% dan 2% tidak mampu menghambat pertumbuhan...

Ketepeng (Cassia alata L.) was a group of plants included in the Magnoliophyta division which can be found in tropical or subtropical areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of Ketepeng leaves to inhibit the growth of R. solanacearum and S. sobrinus bacteria. The method used in this study is agar well diffusion with 3 replications. The sample used was Ketepeng leaf extract with several concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 2%. Positive controls in this study were Chloramphenicol and negative control of 40% ethanol. The variables calculated are the calculation of water content, percentage of yield and percentage of area diameter barriers (DDH). In addition, the DDH results show the ethanol extract of Ketepeng leaves at concentrations of 0.5% and 1% not able to inhibit the growth of R. solanacearum, but at a concentration of 2% able to inhibit R.solanacearum with a diameter of 11,7 mm and the ethanol extract of Ketepeng leaves at concentrations was able to inhibit the gr...

Utilization of endophytic bacteria such as actinobacteria is one of the alternatives to obtain the bioactive compounds similar to the host plant. This study aimed to identify compounds produced by rhizosphere and endophytic actinobacteria isolated from Xylocarpus granatum for their antioxidant and antiglycation activity. Actinobacterial culture supernatant was extracted using ethyl acetate with a ratio of 1:1 (v/v). Antioxidant activity was performed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Whole TLC-bioautography and phytochemical tests were used to predict the group of active compounds. Antiglycation activity was identified based on the ability to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Fifteen actinobacterial isolates had been isolated from rhizosphere (ten isolates), fruit (two isolates), and leaf (two isolates) of X. granatum. All isolates had been tested for their antioxidant and antiglycation activity. Isolate XR2 had the highest antioxidant activi...

Spodoptera litura F. is one of the important pests in Horticulture commodities which can cause damage 80% and up to 100%. Karamunting (Melastome malabathricum) is a wild plant that grows in Tarakan City. This plant is known to contain secondary metabolites which are thought to have the potential to control pests. This study aims to determine the potential of Karamunting extract as a botanical insecticide material to control armyworms. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 1 treatment factor, namely the concentration of Karamunting leaf extract. Potential extracts as botanical insecticides were tested by dye method using 4 concentrations, namely 0 (control); 500; 1000; 2000; 4000; and 8000 ppm. The results showed that Karamunting leaf extract was able to control armyworm pests. Giving extracts of 8000 ppm (P5) in feed caused the highest decrease in eating activity up to 41,2%, larval mortality up to 85%, and the highest mortality rate after 7 days of observ...

In the aim of this works was to investigate the antibacterial activity of twelve essential oils against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, oral pathogen causing dental caries. The essential oils were collected by a steam distillation method. Refractive index was measured by using a refractometer. The antibacterial activity of essential oils was determined using an agar well diffusion method. The yields of essential oils varied with the plant species. The steam distillation yielded clear to yellowish essential oils. Refractive indexes of oil were found to be i n the range of 1.344 to 1.500. Syzigium sp. appeared to be more abundant in oil (1.54%) than the other plant species, while C. odorata was poorer (0.04%). All of the essential oils tested showed a varied level of inhibition zone (0-53.65 mm) against S. mutans and S. sobrinus. The oil from leaves of Cymbopogon citratus had the highest activity against S. sobrinus and S. mutans (53.15 and 52.85 mm, respectively). On the other hand, the Magnolia x alba oil showed the lowest activity against S. mutans and S. sobrinus (10.50 and 11.65 mm, respectively). The research results demonstrated that the essential oil in this study has the potency for development of dental health products for preventing and treating oral infections.

Xylocarpus granatum is mangrove plant that traditionally used as face powder in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia which related to antioxidant, antiglycation and tyrosinase inhibition activities. This study aimed to evaluate the potency of X. granatum as a tyrosinase inhibitor, antiglycation, and antioxidant. The leaves, stem, stem bark, fruit flesh, fruit peel, and kernel of X. granatum were extracted using ethanol then their tyrosinase inhibition, antiglycation, and antioxidant were evaluated. Tyrosinase inhibition activity was evaluated using in vitro assay with L-tyrosine and L-DOPA as the substrate of monophenolase and diphenolase. Antiglycation activity was studied by measuring the excitation and emission fluorescence from glucose and fructose reaction with Bovine Serum Albumin. Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The result showed that the ethanolic extract of fruit flesh has higher potency as tyrosinase inhibitor (IC50 of 393.8 mg/L and IC50 ...

Kalimantan Island in Indonesia is covered by tropical rain forests that are rich in biodiversity. Species, include a stingless bee (Trigona spp.). Recently, stingless bee beekeeping (Meliponiculture) in this region has become popular because the honey has a unique taste, a mix of sweet, sour, and bitter which is highly valued. The objective of this study was to determine the diversity of stingless bee species, the number of colonies, type of hive, and honey properties such as taste, acidity, color, phytochemicals, and radical scavenging activity or antioxidant in meliponiculture in selected areas of Eastern and Northern Kalimantan, Indonesia. The area studied included Samarinda, Balikpapan, Penajam, Bontang, Sangatta, and Tarakan. The study conducted by visiting the farmers, collecting the stingless bees species and bee products (honey, propolis, and bee pollen), pH, color and taste determination, phytochemical screening, and DPPH assay. In this study, we found 12 species, with Heterotrigona itama and Tetragonula laeviceps being the main ones cultivated by people in all research areas, except Balikpapan. We counted 111 colonies of T. laeviceps and 99 of H. itama in the meliponiculture. There were three types of hive used by farmers in meliponiculture. Most of the honey tasted sweet and sour with acidity or pH ranging from 3-4, and color from dark brown to light yellow. The phytochemicals contained tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, carotenoid, coumarin, saponin, and carbohydrate. The Tetragonula sarawakensis honey was the most potent in term radical scavengers. Our findings showed that stingless bee honey contains antioxidants with phytochemicals that are very useful for human health.

White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is a mushroom that has a variety of basidiomycetes that grow in tropical forests with high humidity. This mushroom is classified as edible, has even been cultivated for a long time by the community. Therefore, nowadays oyster mushrooms have a high value, it caused many people have cultivated these mushrooms. In this study we want to show a difference in the growth of the white oyster mushroom mycelium before given promol 12 (as control) and after being given 12 types of local microbial probiotics (PROMOL12). The method used is RAK (Design random groups). In this study, it was shown that the influence of the growth of white oyster mushroom mycelium was given PROMOL12. The growth of oyster mushrooms showed a difference for baglog 12 promol medium having an average growth of 0.6 cm and a growth period of 14 days, on the other hand baglog media control had an average growth of 0.7 cm with a growth period of 17 days. With the same environmental...

Abstrak. Pengeringan merupakan faktor penting dari pengolahan kopi, tanpa pengeringan yang tepat baik itu pengeringan mekanis maupun secara tradisional kualitas biji kopi tidak akan memenuhi standar yang disyaratkan. Proses pengeringan yang baik tidak hanya berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisik biji kopi seperti tingkat kadar air, namun juga meningkatkan citarasa dan aroma dari biji kopi tersebut. Karakteristik terbaik yang diperoleh dari biji kopi setelah proses pengeringan akan menentukan kualitas produk kopi di pasaran. penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh metode pengeringan terhadap penurunan kadar air dan sifat organoleptik biji kopi arabika dan robusta sehingga didapatkan metode terbaik dalam pengolahan kopi. 50 kg biji kopi Arabica dan robusta dikeringkan di bawah sinar matahari dengan menggunakan alas terpal, sedangkan 50 kg sisanya dikeringkan menggunakan mesin pengering biji-bijian tipe batch. Uji organoleptik (rasa dan aroma) menggunakan metode uji Hedonik dan diolah d...

Parepat/pidada putih (Sonneratia alba) is a type of mangrove plant that is used by the traditional tribe for natural medicine. This study uses leaves and stem bark extracted with ethanol. Antibacterial assay uses Ralstonia Solanaceaerum and Streptococcus sobrinus by diffusion agar method. The concentrations used were 5000ppm, 10000ppm, 20000ppm with positive control (Chloramphenicol), and negative control (Ethanol 40%). The results of this study obtain the moisture factor of S. alba leaves has a humidity of 0.31 and stem bark of 0.49. The yield showed that the amount of S. alba leaf extract was 23.86% and the bark was 7.31%. S. alba leaf extract was able to inhibit the bacteria R. solanacearum at concentrations of 5000ppm, 10000ppm and 20000ppm with inhibitory values of 27.46%, 34.34% and 37.78%, respectively. While bark extract can inhibit R. solanacearum at concentrations of 5000 ppm, 10000 ppm and 20000 ppm with inhibitory values of 35.38%, 38.47% and 41.92%, respectively. S. alb...

Kalimantan is known as mega-biodiversity region where medicinal plants, for instance Dayak onion, are naturally utilized by local inhabitant as natural pesticide. Dayak onion has been widely used by local community as medicinal plant and natural pesticide in farming. This study aimed to investigate the potential of ethanol extract of Dayak onion as natural pesticide, particularly in inhibiting the growth of bacterium R. solanacearum causing wilt disease. The method applied was agar well diffusion at concentration of 5,000 ppm, 10,000 ppm, and 20,000 ppm. Result of the study showed factor of humidity for root of 0.56, leaf of 0.38, and tubers of 0.27. Yield percentage was obtained in root of 21.35%, leaf of 39.69%, and tubes of 47.80%. Percentage of inhibition of Dayak onion root extract was obtained at concentration of 5,000 ppm (32.15%), 10,000 ppm (40.49%), and 20,000 ppm (50.23%). Percentage of inhibition of Dayak onion leaf extract was detected at concentration of 10,000 ppm (26...