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Tuğba Bayar

Bilkent University, International Relations, Faculty Member

Bamberg University, Political Science, Lifbi

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Bilkent B.A, METU MSc , Bamberg PhDInternational Regimes, International law, Middle East, Iran
Address: Bilkent University, FEASS, Department of International Relations, 06800, Ankara/Turkey

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Alberto Gasparetto

Università degli Studi di Padova

Università Ca' Foscari Venezia

Deakin University

Shahram Akbarzadeh

Deakin University

Middle East Technical University

Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University

S. Gulden Ayman

Istanbul University

Çağatay Özdemir

Qatar University

Salih Bıçakcı

Kadir Has University

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Papers by Tuğba Bayar

Syria Issue: A Source of Competition in Turkish-Iranian RelationsPublished Syria Issue

The Security Dimensions of the Syrian Civil War, 2024

This chapter examines the dynamics of the Türkiye - Iran competition over Syria. The main argumen... more This chapter examines the dynamics of the Türkiye - Iran competition over Syria. The main argument of this chapter holds that Iran and Türkiye compete over Syria owing to their similar power capacities as two middle powers. In this sense, they compete, waging their i) soft power, ii) hard power, and iii) regional and global alignments. For both Ankara and Tehran, Syria represents a security concern. As a neighbor of Syria, Türkiye’s concerns are concentrated on border security and terrorism. As for Iran, Syria represents a frontline for Iran’s clashes with Israel and the US. Iran and Türkiye see equal opportunities in Syria for establishing their regional hegemony. Both want to extend their influence over the region via Syria. While competing, Tehran and Ankara do not become hostile towards each other due to their mutual dependence on various matters, including energy politics, economy and ties with the EU.

Springer eBooks, 2019

Commission on Human Rights

Springer eBooks, 2023

Civil Liberties

Springer eBooks, 2023

Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi’nin Cinsiyet Temelli Suçlara Dair Politikası

2023’de Kadınlar, Dünya Politikası ve Türkiye , 2024

DPK 2023 Almanak TR

The Water Conflict of Iraq, Syria and Turkey in the “Post-Arab Spring” Era

Surveillance States

Springer eBooks, 2023

Internationalism

Springer eBooks, Nov 7, 2019

Springer eBooks, 2023

Commission on Human Rights

Springer eBooks, Nov 6, 2019

Civil Liberties

Springer eBooks, 2021

European Arms Embargo

Springer eBooks, 2023

Internationalism

Springer eBooks, 2023

The Asylum/Migration Regime in Turkey and Non-discrimination

Springer eBooks, 2022

Despite the popularity of asylum/migration topics, the literature lacks analyses through human ri... more Despite the popularity of asylum/migration topics, the literature lacks analyses through human rights (hr) perspective. In this chapter, I examine the Turkish asylum/migration regime for its compatibility with nondiscrimination principle. International protection of hr for people of concern is already a complex subject, whose elements are traced to international hr law and international asylum/migration law. As theoretically discussed, and empirically proven, states are reluctant to bear international hr obligations, due to the verticality of hr regimes. They undergo some hr commitments to satisfy functional domestic political demands. In line with the arguments of Moravscik (1995, 2000), I hold that, since the demands of people of concern cannot be internalized by any country, their rights are even less likely to be protected. The migration crisis of 2010s revealed the inconveniences regarding protection of migrants to a large extent.

Küresel Nükleer Si̇lahlari Yasaklama Çabalari: Neo-Popüli̇zmi̇n Etki̇si̇

Amac: Bu makale, nukleer silah sahibi ulkelerde etkisini giderek artirmakta olan populist trendin... more Amac: Bu makale, nukleer silah sahibi ulkelerde etkisini giderek artirmakta olan populist trendin nukleer silahsizlanmaya olan etkisini incelemektedir. Tasarim/Yontem: Nukleer Silahlarin Yayilmasinin Onlenmesi Anlasmasinin hedeflerine ulasma derecesi hakkinda alan yazindaki tartismalar ve yeni gelismeler ele alinmaktadir. Sonuclar:Nukleer silahlarin gelistirilmesi guvenligin temininin en emin araci olarak gorulmekte, ayrica, milli ustunluk hislerinden beslenmektedir. Ozgun Deger:Buyuk guclerde neo-populizmin taban olusturdugu donemlerin bir cok vakada savaslara yol actigini dusundugumuzde, yayilmakta olan bu trendin de kuresel baris ve istikrara verecegi zararlar endise uyandiricidir.

Multiple Dualities: Seeking the Patterns in Iran’s Foreign Policy

All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace, 2018

As one of the most significant actors of the region, Iran's interactions with great powers (as we... more As one of the most significant actors of the region, Iran's interactions with great powers (as well as regional powers and non-state actors) have come under scrutiny. This article adopts an historical account and suggests a framework to study Iran's foreign policy. The framework is contextually built with a multilevel approach to specify the independent and intervening variables of Iran's foreign policy through the light of neoclassical realist theory. In this context, it is argued that the independent variables of Iran's foreign policy are geopolitics, threat perceptions and balance of power politics. These systemic variables are filtered through nationalism, theological and revolutionary ideology and policy making mechanisms.

İRAN -ABD İLİŞKİLERİNDE DÖNEMLER VE TEMEL DİNAMİKLER

İslam Cumhuriyeti'nde 40 Yıl, 2019

İran İslam Devrimi'nin 40. yılının idrak edildiği 2019 senesinde ABD-İran ilişkilerinin yeniden i... more İran İslam Devrimi'nin 40. yılının idrak edildiği 2019 senesinde ABD-İran ilişkilerinin yeniden incelenmesi gerek bölgesel gerek küresel uluslararası ilişkilerin anlamlandırılması adına büyük önem arz etmektedir. İkili ilişkilerde 1979 sonrası başlayan çalkantılar günümüze dek sürmüştür. Ancak yine de tekdüze bir gidişattan söz etmek de mümkün görünmemektedir. İran-ABD ilişkileri çok çeşitli krizlerden ve nadiren yumuşama dönemlerinden geçerek yeni boyutlar kazanmıştır. Yaşanan sürtüşmeler etkilerini hem bölge ülkeleri üzerinde hem de zaman zaman küresel platformda bırakmıştır. Şaşırtıcıdır ki, iki ülke arasındaki yakınlaşmaya yönelik yoğun diplomasi dönemleri de hem iç dinamikler hem de iki ülkenin Orta Doğu'daki müttefikleri tarafından, teşvik edilmek bir yana, zora sokulmuştur.

The Asylum/Migration Regime in Turkey and Non-discrimination

Non-Discrimination in Turkey, 2022

Despite the popularity of asylum/migration topics, the literature lacks analyses through human ri... more Despite the popularity of asylum/migration topics, the literature lacks analyses through human rights (hr) perspective. In this chapter, I examine the Turkish asylum/migration regime for its compatibility with nondiscrimination principle. International protection of hr for people of concern is already a complex subject, whose elements are traced to international hr law and international asylum/migration law. As theoretically discussed, and empirically proven, states are reluctant to bear international hr obligations, due to the verticality of hr regimes. They undergo some hr commitments to satisfy functional domestic political demands. In line with the arguments of Moravscik (1995, 2000), I hold that, since the demands of people of concern cannot be internalized by any country, their rights are even less likely to be protected. The migration crisis of 2010s revealed the inconveniences regarding protection of migrants to a large extent.

Hint kurtuluş mücadelesi bağlamında Dalit hareketi

This thesis analyses the Dalit Movement with regards to the twentieth century Indian nationalism ... more This thesis analyses the Dalit Movement with regards to the twentieth century Indian nationalism and independence movement. Within this epoch, India was dealing with both internal and external problems, and this thesis confronts with the process of double freedom movement rolled into one, in India. On one side Indian nation was fighting against the British Imperialism and on the other hand the least level of the ancient Hindu social order varna, the Untouchables, were fighting against the higher castes for eradication of their historical backwardness. This solution of both problems pointed out changes in social and political terms. The mentioned movement under the leadership of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, who is recognized as the architect of the Indian constitution, aimed to obtain both political and social rights and freedom for the Untouchables. By this movement, Dalits initially managed to attain political rights and to outlaw discrimination among people. And then, in order to facil...

Syria Issue: A Source of Competition in Turkish-Iranian RelationsPublished Syria Issue

The Security Dimensions of the Syrian Civil War, 2024

This chapter examines the dynamics of the Türkiye - Iran competition over Syria. The main argumen... more This chapter examines the dynamics of the Türkiye - Iran competition over Syria. The main argument of this chapter holds that Iran and Türkiye compete over Syria owing to their similar power capacities as two middle powers. In this sense, they compete, waging their i) soft power, ii) hard power, and iii) regional and global alignments. For both Ankara and Tehran, Syria represents a security concern. As a neighbor of Syria, Türkiye’s concerns are concentrated on border security and terrorism. As for Iran, Syria represents a frontline for Iran’s clashes with Israel and the US. Iran and Türkiye see equal opportunities in Syria for establishing their regional hegemony. Both want to extend their influence over the region via Syria. While competing, Tehran and Ankara do not become hostile towards each other due to their mutual dependence on various matters, including energy politics, economy and ties with the EU.

Springer eBooks, 2019

Commission on Human Rights

Springer eBooks, 2023

Civil Liberties

Springer eBooks, 2023

Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi’nin Cinsiyet Temelli Suçlara Dair Politikası

2023’de Kadınlar, Dünya Politikası ve Türkiye , 2024

DPK 2023 Almanak TR

The Water Conflict of Iraq, Syria and Turkey in the “Post-Arab Spring” Era

Surveillance States

Springer eBooks, 2023

Internationalism

Springer eBooks, Nov 7, 2019

Springer eBooks, 2023

Commission on Human Rights

Springer eBooks, Nov 6, 2019

Civil Liberties

Springer eBooks, 2021

European Arms Embargo

Springer eBooks, 2023

Internationalism

Springer eBooks, 2023

The Asylum/Migration Regime in Turkey and Non-discrimination

Springer eBooks, 2022

Despite the popularity of asylum/migration topics, the literature lacks analyses through human ri... more Despite the popularity of asylum/migration topics, the literature lacks analyses through human rights (hr) perspective. In this chapter, I examine the Turkish asylum/migration regime for its compatibility with nondiscrimination principle. International protection of hr for people of concern is already a complex subject, whose elements are traced to international hr law and international asylum/migration law. As theoretically discussed, and empirically proven, states are reluctant to bear international hr obligations, due to the verticality of hr regimes. They undergo some hr commitments to satisfy functional domestic political demands. In line with the arguments of Moravscik (1995, 2000), I hold that, since the demands of people of concern cannot be internalized by any country, their rights are even less likely to be protected. The migration crisis of 2010s revealed the inconveniences regarding protection of migrants to a large extent.

Küresel Nükleer Si̇lahlari Yasaklama Çabalari: Neo-Popüli̇zmi̇n Etki̇si̇

Amac: Bu makale, nukleer silah sahibi ulkelerde etkisini giderek artirmakta olan populist trendin... more Amac: Bu makale, nukleer silah sahibi ulkelerde etkisini giderek artirmakta olan populist trendin nukleer silahsizlanmaya olan etkisini incelemektedir. Tasarim/Yontem: Nukleer Silahlarin Yayilmasinin Onlenmesi Anlasmasinin hedeflerine ulasma derecesi hakkinda alan yazindaki tartismalar ve yeni gelismeler ele alinmaktadir. Sonuclar:Nukleer silahlarin gelistirilmesi guvenligin temininin en emin araci olarak gorulmekte, ayrica, milli ustunluk hislerinden beslenmektedir. Ozgun Deger:Buyuk guclerde neo-populizmin taban olusturdugu donemlerin bir cok vakada savaslara yol actigini dusundugumuzde, yayilmakta olan bu trendin de kuresel baris ve istikrara verecegi zararlar endise uyandiricidir.

Multiple Dualities: Seeking the Patterns in Iran’s Foreign Policy

All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace, 2018

As one of the most significant actors of the region, Iran's interactions with great powers (as we... more As one of the most significant actors of the region, Iran's interactions with great powers (as well as regional powers and non-state actors) have come under scrutiny. This article adopts an historical account and suggests a framework to study Iran's foreign policy. The framework is contextually built with a multilevel approach to specify the independent and intervening variables of Iran's foreign policy through the light of neoclassical realist theory. In this context, it is argued that the independent variables of Iran's foreign policy are geopolitics, threat perceptions and balance of power politics. These systemic variables are filtered through nationalism, theological and revolutionary ideology and policy making mechanisms.

İRAN -ABD İLİŞKİLERİNDE DÖNEMLER VE TEMEL DİNAMİKLER

İslam Cumhuriyeti'nde 40 Yıl, 2019

İran İslam Devrimi'nin 40. yılının idrak edildiği 2019 senesinde ABD-İran ilişkilerinin yeniden i... more İran İslam Devrimi'nin 40. yılının idrak edildiği 2019 senesinde ABD-İran ilişkilerinin yeniden incelenmesi gerek bölgesel gerek küresel uluslararası ilişkilerin anlamlandırılması adına büyük önem arz etmektedir. İkili ilişkilerde 1979 sonrası başlayan çalkantılar günümüze dek sürmüştür. Ancak yine de tekdüze bir gidişattan söz etmek de mümkün görünmemektedir. İran-ABD ilişkileri çok çeşitli krizlerden ve nadiren yumuşama dönemlerinden geçerek yeni boyutlar kazanmıştır. Yaşanan sürtüşmeler etkilerini hem bölge ülkeleri üzerinde hem de zaman zaman küresel platformda bırakmıştır. Şaşırtıcıdır ki, iki ülke arasındaki yakınlaşmaya yönelik yoğun diplomasi dönemleri de hem iç dinamikler hem de iki ülkenin Orta Doğu'daki müttefikleri tarafından, teşvik edilmek bir yana, zora sokulmuştur.

The Asylum/Migration Regime in Turkey and Non-discrimination

Non-Discrimination in Turkey, 2022

Despite the popularity of asylum/migration topics, the literature lacks analyses through human ri... more Despite the popularity of asylum/migration topics, the literature lacks analyses through human rights (hr) perspective. In this chapter, I examine the Turkish asylum/migration regime for its compatibility with nondiscrimination principle. International protection of hr for people of concern is already a complex subject, whose elements are traced to international hr law and international asylum/migration law. As theoretically discussed, and empirically proven, states are reluctant to bear international hr obligations, due to the verticality of hr regimes. They undergo some hr commitments to satisfy functional domestic political demands. In line with the arguments of Moravscik (1995, 2000), I hold that, since the demands of people of concern cannot be internalized by any country, their rights are even less likely to be protected. The migration crisis of 2010s revealed the inconveniences regarding protection of migrants to a large extent.

Hint kurtuluş mücadelesi bağlamında Dalit hareketi

This thesis analyses the Dalit Movement with regards to the twentieth century Indian nationalism ... more This thesis analyses the Dalit Movement with regards to the twentieth century Indian nationalism and independence movement. Within this epoch, India was dealing with both internal and external problems, and this thesis confronts with the process of double freedom movement rolled into one, in India. On one side Indian nation was fighting against the British Imperialism and on the other hand the least level of the ancient Hindu social order varna, the Untouchables, were fighting against the higher castes for eradication of their historical backwardness. This solution of both problems pointed out changes in social and political terms. The mentioned movement under the leadership of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, who is recognized as the architect of the Indian constitution, aimed to obtain both political and social rights and freedom for the Untouchables. By this movement, Dalits initially managed to attain political rights and to outlaw discrimination among people. And then, in order to facil...

Democratizing Global Climate Governance

The Persian Puzzle: The Conflict Between Iran and America

Devrimin 40. Yılında İran ve Bölge İlişkileri

Translating International Law into International Peace

Amerikan Yaptırımları Gölgesinde İran

4 Kasım 2018'de başlayacak olan ikinci yaptırım paketinin İran'a, Türkiye'ye, bölgeye olası etkil... more

Treaty Withdrawal: Technical vs. Political

Talk: The number of withdrawals from IOs have been increasing in the recent years. Interntional l... more

چالش‌های داخلی امریکا ریشه تنش‌ها با ترکیه

مهاجرات عربيات في ألمانيا يتحدَين التقاليد ويعملن خارج البيت

Institutional Effectiveness in International Regimes: An Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime Coping with the Political Malignty in the Case of Iran

Dalits and the Dalit Movement: Within the Context of Indian Independence Movement

Uluslararası Örgütlerden Çekilmenin Artması: Hukuki Boşluklar ve Siyasi Tercihler

2016'dan bu yana pek çok ülkenin uluslararası anlaşmalardan ve anlaşmalarla kurulan örgütlerden ç... more 2016'dan bu yana pek çok ülkenin uluslararası anlaşmalardan ve anlaşmalarla kurulan örgütlerden çekilmesine tanıklık etmekteyiz. İngiltere'nin AB'den çekilmesi ile başlayan bu süreç, ABD'nin OGEP, UNESCO, UNHRC, Paris İklim Sözleşmesi, Japonya'nın Uluslararası Balina Avcılığı Komisyonu'ndan, Katar'ın OPEC'ten ayrılması ile sürmüştür. Bu çalışma, anlaşmalardan çekilme hususunda uluslararası hukukun eksiklik ve zayıflıklarını teşhis etmekte, ayrıca bu ayrılma trendinin ardında yatan gerekçeleri irdelemektedir.

The Evolution of Turkey – US Strategic Partnership in the Context of Changing MENA

The Effectiveness of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime: The Case of Iran

Multiple Dualities: Seeking the Patterns in Iran’s Foreign Policy

by All Azimuth : A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace Research and Tuğba Bayar

All Azimuth, 2019

As one of the most significant actors of the region, Iran’s interactions with great powers (as we... more As one of the most significant actors of the region, Iran’s interactions with great powers (as well as regional powers and non-state actors) have come under scrutiny. This article adopts an historical account and suggests a framework to study Iran’s foreign policy. The framework is contextually built with a multi-level approach to specify the independent and intervening variables of Iran’s foreign policy through the light of neoclassical realist theory. In this context, it is argued that the independent variables of Iran’s foreign policy are geopolitics, threat perceptions and balance of power politics. These systemic variables are filtered through nationalism, theological and revolutionary ideology and policy making mechanisms.