Papers by Dr. Khaled El-Daghar
Architecture & planning journal/APJ, Mar 30, 2024
Heritage being an inheritance from the past that is transmitted successively from one generation ... more Heritage being an inheritance from the past that is transmitted successively from one generation to the other plays a significant role in molding the memory of a country and forging its identity. As an element of heritage, architectural products are an expression of the cultural identity of communities. However, modern developments in historical regions ignore the presence of heritage buildings. Furthermore, the unorganized expansion of those areas led to the formation of leftover spaces. Abu Ali river is a historical region located in the city of Tripoli in Lebanon. Not long ago, this zone was considered the beating heart of the city before becoming a neglected area suffering from different social, economic, and environmental issues. One of the major problems the zone is currently facing is the loss of its cultural identity. In addition, the lack of green public spaces is noted. This paper attempts to revive the cultural heritage identity of Abu-Ali River area through the application of a cultural park using leftover spaces generated in the region as a site. The paper starts with presenting the theoretical background related to the topic; Then related cases are compared to reach the optimum project elements; Next the selected area is analyzed through macroanalysis, community analysis, and micro-analysis to reach initial design decisions; Finally, the application is designed based on specific social and environmental simulation tools. The application is expected to breathe new life into the neglected historical area and revive its heritage.
RGSA, May 17, 2024
Objective: The objective of this study is to provide policy recommendations for strengthening gov... more Objective: The objective of this study is to provide policy recommendations for strengthening governance and institutional capabilities to ensure effective climate action and sustainable development in Tripoli-Lebanon and to propose a multi-staged implementation framework for T-BEEC, focusing on familiarity, with the aim o To facilitate Lebanon's transition towards sustainable energy sources by implementing an effective Building Energy Efficiency Code (T-BEEC) in Tripoli. Theoretical Framework: The study employs environmental science, urban planning, and socioeconomic theories, focusing on policy adoption and the diffusion of technological innovations to enhance urban energy efficiency and sustainability. Method: A mixed-methods approach is adopted, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with key personnel at the Tripoli Municipality Permit Office and thematic analysis of the barriers and facilitators to BEEC implementation. Comparative case studies from different geopolitical regions provide a broader perspective on the challenges and strategies of energy code compliance. Results and Discussion: Findings emphasize the critical need for infrastructure and resource optimization, including vehicle maintenance and replacements, spatial layout reorganization, and the prompt repair of computers and printers, to ensure operational efficiency. Additionally, the pursuit of diverse financial support sources highlights the reliance on municipal fees, international aid, NGO contributions, and educational partnerships to overcome financial and resource constraints Research Implications: This study impacts urban energy management theory and practice, providing key insights for policymakers and planners in similar settings. Originality/Value: This study outlines a unique approach to implementing energy codes during Tripoli's familiarity period, enhancing urban sustainability and policy effectiveness.
RGSA – Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 2024
Objective: The objective of this study is to provide policy recommendations for strengthening gov... more Objective: The objective of this study is to provide policy recommendations for strengthening governance and institutional capabilities to ensure effective climate action and sustainable development in Tripoli-Lebanon and to propose a multi-staged implementation framework for T-BEEC, focusing on familiarity, with the aim o To facilitate Lebanon's transition towards sustainable energy sources by implementing an effective Building Energy Efficiency Code (T-BEEC) in Tripoli. Theoretical Framework: The study employs environmental science, urban planning, and socioeconomic theories, focusing on policy adoption and the diffusion of technological innovations to enhance urban energy efficiency and sustainability. Method: A mixed-methods approach is adopted, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with key personnel at the Tripoli Municipality Permit Office and thematic analysis of the barriers and facilitators to BEEC implementation. Comparative case studies from different geopolitical regions provide a broader perspective on the challenges and strategies of energy code compliance. Results and Discussion: Findings emphasize the critical need for infrastructure and resource optimization, including vehicle maintenance and replacements, spatial layout reorganization, and the prompt repair of computers and printers, to ensure operational efficiency. Additionally, the pursuit of diverse financial support sources highlights the reliance on municipal fees, international aid, NGO contributions, and educational partnerships to overcome financial and resource constraints Research Implications: This study impacts urban energy management theory and practice, providing key insights for policymakers and planners in similar settings. Originality/Value: This study outlines a unique approach to implementing energy codes during Tripoli's familiarity period, enhancing urban sustainability and policy effectiveness.
Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ), 2024
Heritage being an inheritance from the past that is transmitted successively from one generation ... more Heritage being an inheritance from the past that is transmitted successively from one generation to the other plays a significant role in molding the memory of a country and forging its identity. As an element of heritage, architectural products are an expression of the cultural identity of communities. However, modern developments in historical regions ignore the presence of heritage buildings. Furthermore, the unorganized expansion of those areas led to the formation of leftover spaces. Abu Ali river is a historical region located in the city of Tripoli in Lebanon. Not long ago, this zone was considered the beating heart of the city before becoming a neglected area suffering from different social, economic, and environmental issues. One of the major problems the zone is currently facing is the loss of its cultural identity. In addition, the lack of green public spaces is noted. This paper attempts to revive the cultural heritage identity of Abu-Ali River area through the application of a cultural park using leftover spaces generated in the region as a site. The paper starts with presenting the theoretical background related to the topic; Then related cases are compared to reach the optimum project elements; Next the selected area is analyzed through macro-analysis, community analysis, and micro-analysis to reach initial design decisions; Finally, the application is designed based on specific social and environmental simulation tools. The application is expected to breathe new life into the neglected historical area and revive its heritage.
BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing, 2018
The teaching-learning methods and techniques that can be applied in architecture are various, suc... more The teaching-learning methods and techniques that can be applied in architecture are various, such as project-based learning, problem-based learning, research-based learning, problem-solving, simulation-based learning, designbuild and others. The researcher aims at experimenting and applying such methods in a design class at Faculty of Architecture to manage and improve the environmental quality of the public spaces that will increase the awareness of health and wellbeing aspects of the students. Therefore, the study aims to produce a new methodology for integrating different teaching- learning methods in the interior design course and evaluate the outcomes of the students according to the indoor lighting performance. The case study is based on a real problem in a realistic situation - City Complex Shopping Mall in Tripoli, Lebanon - in which the instructor and the students will analyze and measure the intensity of lighting within the mall atrium, and the extent of its reflection on the validity and functional efficiency of the building. The students with the aid of their instructor will use the Testo Light Meter/Logger and the Echotect Analysis 2010 Software as tools of measurement, simulation and development. The paper proposes successful methods to achieve special criteria for developing indoor quality to increase health and wellbeing aspects of building in general, and produce solutions for improving lighting efficiency of public spaces in particular. Through integrating different teaching-learning methods, the instructor develops and integrates appropriate techniques that will help in monitoring, improving and achieving optimal outcomes of the students' designed proposals, thereby ensuring high educational performance.
BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development, 2023
In low-income countries, population expansion and urbanization bring challenges of inadequate liv... more In low-income countries, population expansion and urbanization bring challenges of inadequate living standards to the fore. Some of the issues could be solved if well-functioning plastic recycling systems were built. To reduce the environmental burden and improve the overall situation in dense cities, the already existing local informal waste treatment system, which is widespread in many low-income nations, needs to be developed with efficient sorting and composting solutions. A case study is carried out in the city of Mina, Lebanon, with the goal of establishing a viable decentralized recycling plastic pavilion material. The effort aims to lessen the climate harm caused by non-recycled waste, improve the quality of life for residents, and enhance the affected locations' aesthetical, educational, and recreational attributes. The concepts were generated according to the resident's needs and to find solutions to the existing problem of the area under study. The goals are based on data and observations about the city, the current waste management system, the stakeholders, the project organization, and any roadblocks. The project's overall work method is known as the Logical Framework Approach. It's a goal-oriented project planning method that relies on disciplined thinking and logical analysis. Literature review, observations, study visits, site analyses, photography, drawing, 3D modeling, and other sub-methods are included in the study. Proposals for plastic pavilions and plastic features for open public spaces in Al Mina are the result of the process. Because the areas have both comparable and dissimilar characteristics, site-specific solutions are required.
Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ), 2023
The concept of waterfront revitalization has been a prominent notion in the field of urban planni... more The concept of waterfront revitalization has been a prominent notion in the field of urban planning and is considered an effective strategy to enhance deteriorated sites and inspire the identity and authenticity of communities. Nevertheless, there is no definite prescription for success when it comes to linking waterfront landscape design with improving the social and cultural site conditions in a deteriorating historical area. This paper examines the revitalization of the waterfront through greenway design in El-Mina, Tripoli, Lebanon in order to put emphasis on the local culture of the city and create socio-cultural opportunities for the area of study and better improve the quality of life of its residents. The research employs a mixed method approach, where both qualitative and quantitative methods are applied. The qualitative approach is based on theoretical study and the analysis of three case studies and the quantitative part of the study consists of both a survey and simulations to understand the various struggles and problems that the residents of the zone of study face and to find the optimum landscape design proposal that links the waterfront to the existing urban fabric along with sustainable environmental solutions to enhance the surrounding heritage context through the design of a Cultural Park that is applied on a lot by the city’s waterfront. A set of design recommendations regarding the connectivity of landscape waterfront spaces to heritage spaces were then issued and developed based on the synthesis of the simulation results and urban analysis.
Advances in science, technology & innovation, 2022
Preservation of architectural heritage is a top priority for every long-term development strategy... more Preservation of architectural heritage is a top priority for every long-term development strategy. The idea is to create a healthier world by lowering environmental effects on architectural heritage by means of inventive, rapid and cost-effective options to eco-renovating heritage buildings. Conservation practices and initiatives must adhere to the historic current fabric, including its applications, connections, and values. These approaches must be focused on an enhancement strategy to reduce negative effects of environment on historical buildings. Lebanon is facing a slew of environmental issues as a result of poor environmental management, especially in the historic constructed environment. Because of this, the study will review the relationship between architecture and environment, discussing sustainable architecture, green buildings and its characteristics, and sustainability and architectural heritage conservation. Moreover, the study also explores architectural heritage and high-performance buildings, clarifying the impact of environment on architectural heritage, high performance buildings and their design objectives and characteristics. The study focuses mainly on quality techniques and high performance buildings, presenting quality in architecture aspects and Six Sigma as a quality improvement technique for enhancing performance of existing buildings. In this sense, we will shed some light on various attempts of green buildings and reduction of environmental impact on architectural heritage in Lebanon. The study proposes a new methodology as a performance improvement approach for converting the historical building into a high-performance one. The paper also emphasizes the role of sustainable development implementations to conserve the architectural heritage, while optimizing performance characteristics of historical buildings, using Six Sigma technique as enhancement strategy to achieve high-performance for historic buildings in Lebanon.
Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ), 2018
The purpose of the study is to apply quality improvement tools and techniques to find out the roo... more The purpose of the study is to apply quality improvement tools and techniques to find out the root causes of performance problems in the building process. Performance refers to the way people do their jobs and the results of their works, seeking to solve a performance problem frequently implement a specific intervention, such as training without fully understanding the nature of the problem, or determining whether or not the chosen intervention is likely to succeed. Performance improvement approaches using a systematic methodology to find these root causes, and then implement interventions that applies to specific performance deficits. Performance improvement indicators / measures in building process involve the ongoing measurement collection and analysis of aggregate data to improve occupancy requirements, expectations, and safety. Based on, reviewing quality leaders' approaches and contributions to performance improvement; quality improvement tools and technique uses show the effectiveness of performance improvement efforts in the building process. The paper successfully proposes a methodology for applying tree diagram as a quality improvement tool that can be used in architecture, to develop a map / plan describes performance improvements in the building process, which will help architects to monitor, improve, and facilitate optimal outcomes of continuous quality improvement, thereby, ensure high building performance.
Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation, 2021
Symbol includes meaning not just a sign, and meaning can be read whenever it was understood, sinc... more Symbol includes meaning not just a sign, and meaning can be read whenever it was understood, since, the idea of communication is available in the significance of this meaning. This explains why human existence is closely related to symbol and symbolism. The architectural heritage attaches great importance to the idea of symbolism, and constantly uses different symbols and distinctive vocabulary. The general geometric shape of the building or outline, the formation of spaces, the degree of simplicity or complexity, the mass of the building, the quality of the materials used and the colors are architectural elements rich in symbols. In addition to the architectural vocabulary, such as columns/pillars, arches and domes, ornaments and circular openings borrowed by some architects from different periods of time to enrich the symbolic meaning of their design approaches. Though, this metaphor remains superficial if the vocabulary is not in harmony with the rest of the space and functional components of the building attached. The study aims to illustrate the meaning of symbol and symbolism in architecture. Then, discuss the symbolic reflection on architectural heritage, where some architectural paradigms were taken expressing various historical periods. Finally, review and compare selected examples from different chronological periods of Islamic architecture. Moreover, the objective behind this is to highlight a set of ideas and architectural elements and vocabulary contained in these examples, which can be adapted nowadays in the design concepts to bear the same moral significance. This paper is clarifying an attempt to highlight the eloquence in depicting philosophical ideas that inspired by the principles of Islam and their relationship to Islamic architecture. The purpose of this study is to analyze and understand these ideas and display their importance to conserve symbolism in architectural heritage in general, in order to reach a set of recommendations that can be used to enrich contemporary Islamic architecture in particular, hoping to raise the level of the spiritual environment and confirm a distinctive architectural identity.
Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation,, 2019
As a general rule, the historical cities in the Middle East have a very rich and unique urban fab... more As a general rule, the historical cities in the Middle East have a very rich and unique urban fabric. However, due to the rapid changes of the architectural built environment, some of these cities have not had the chance to develop or upgrade to follow the effects of the new architectural and urban changes. The historical city of Tripoli in Lebanon is among the most important Arab cities, with a distinctive urban planning, and it has not changed since the Mamluk period. The urban fabric of the old city is historical but some of its buildings are modern and have no distinctive architectural or historical character. In addition, the new, modern buildings that have been built instead of the old, historical buildings have different heights in comparison to the old fabric. This difference in building heights leads to a different shade on the old pathways and streets, which has subsequently concluded to some solutions being developed by the occupants of historical regions in order to meet their environmental needs in this urban fabric. Based on the above, the aim of this research is to observe and analyse the effect of new buildings within the historical urban fabric on the environmental needs of users in terms of shaded spaces, with Tripoli in Lebanon providing a case study.
ESSD Journal - Sustainable Cultural Heritage Preservation, 2020
The global ecological crisis is an indispensable issue that needs to be solved. The importance of... more The global ecological crisis is an indispensable issue that needs to be solved. The importance of developing critical thinking and communication skills in teaching-learning methods will help to enhance education performance; as well, the students would become informed participants in environmental decision-making. Lebanon is suffering from multiple ecological problems due to the environmental mismanagement, particularly energy problems. For this reason, training the Lebanese students mainly in architecture schools should to think critically about environmental
issues, and using collaborative problem-solving as one of teaching-learning methods and techniques, which will be directly reflected in finding solutions to the problem under investigation. The researcher aims to experiment and apply this method in a history of architecture class at faculty of architecture, to improve the environmental quality of health and wellbeing in historical built environment. This will increase the awareness for conservation aspects of architectural heritage in students, on the one hand. In addition to spread the spirit of teamwork, to facilitate the concept of integrated design process between the different disciplines when practicing professional life, on the other hand. Therefore, the study aims to produce a new methodology for integrating teaching-learning method in architecture, presenting various international attempts of thermal retrofit in historical built environment, guiding the architectural students to follow the same approach of such projects, which will save energy in a country that has a major problem in electricity. The case study is based on a real problem in a realistic situation in Tripoli old Souks at north Lebanon,
in which the instructor and the students will analyze and propose some solutions of building thermal retrofit within this historical context, using collaborative problem-solving strategy that could clarifying its reversal extent on the validity of health and wellbeing with the continuity of conserving the architectural heritage.
ESSD Journal - Sustainable Cultural Heritage Preservation, 2020
Conservation projects of architectural heritage primarily aim at preserving the cultural characte... more Conservation projects of architectural heritage primarily aim at preserving the cultural character and protecting the historical and value buildings through a set of techniques/approaches and concepts that deal with valuable urban heritage. These concepts and approaches are sometimes a major obstacle to community development. Thus, for a better understanding of the debate over conservation versus development in terms of ownership and private property legal rights, the study will review the classification of different techniques by applying them at the level of architecture, urban and society. Hence, these have been classified into three basic levels: building, urban and community, whereby policies for each type will be reviewed. These arguments will be discussed within the Alexandrian experience in architectural heritage listing and management. Moreover, the study also explores evaluation criteria of historical and value buildings, clarifying the attempts to conserve the architectural heritage in Alexandria. The study focuses mainly on the conflict between conservation techniques and concept of private property legal rights, and hence, proposing some future measure to address the conflict of interests between conservation on one hand and private property ownership legal rights on the other. In addition, it will present some recommendations for preserving the unique architectural style of the Mediterranean Sea that distinguishes the city of Alexandria. It will also adhere to the remains of this heritage by taking into consideration the legal rights of private property, which can contribute to the conservation techniques of architectural heritage for Alexandria.
International Journal on: Proceedings of Science and Technology, 2019
Funding has always been important for the continuity of any conservation project and the achievem... more Funding has always been important for the continuity of any conservation project and the achievement of the desired results. Its impact is particularly evident in the projects regarding the heritage domains; it clearly shows the importance of having multiple participating bodies/entities and diverse self-funding sources without relying solely on governmental agencies or governmental funding, particularly in the developing countries where there is a clear deficiency in the countries' potential ability to meet the developmental needs of these heritage areas. The study aims to illustrate the relationship between continuity of financing operations and the sustainability of conservation projects. Financing and its efficiency equally affect all the phases of the project: the pre-implementation stage, the implementation stage, and the post-implementation/operation stage (maintenance and follow-up). This is due to the fact that financing operations do not only affect the possibility of implementing a project, but also affect the quality level of the preservation, whereby buildings lose their values both tangible and intangible. This is due to the inaccuracy of studies, lack of precise equipment for work or lack of analyzing the different possibilities that might lead to the destruction or damage of buildings. In this context, light will be shed on different cases and models of global conservation projects in several countries by investigating and analyzing its financial aspects to establish the different circumstances surrounding each project, such as goals and stages, and identifying the positive and negative points of each project. This will be done through several axes, legal, managerial, financial, and popular participation, the most important of which is the self-financing aspect. Each case will be discussed and evaluated separately at the level of the building, urbanization and society as an integrated system to demonstrate their characteristics, namely successful architecture, historical gatherings, and surrounding community life. The paper proposes some methods for dealing with historic buildings as part of the urban and architectural heritage, where the legal, managerial, financial and community participation, especially the self-financing level, are considered in order to conserve these buildings.
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Papers by Dr. Khaled El-Daghar
issues, and using collaborative problem-solving as one of teaching-learning methods and techniques, which will be directly reflected in finding solutions to the problem under investigation. The researcher aims to experiment and apply this method in a history of architecture class at faculty of architecture, to improve the environmental quality of health and wellbeing in historical built environment. This will increase the awareness for conservation aspects of architectural heritage in students, on the one hand. In addition to spread the spirit of teamwork, to facilitate the concept of integrated design process between the different disciplines when practicing professional life, on the other hand. Therefore, the study aims to produce a new methodology for integrating teaching-learning method in architecture, presenting various international attempts of thermal retrofit in historical built environment, guiding the architectural students to follow the same approach of such projects, which will save energy in a country that has a major problem in electricity. The case study is based on a real problem in a realistic situation in Tripoli old Souks at north Lebanon,
in which the instructor and the students will analyze and propose some solutions of building thermal retrofit within this historical context, using collaborative problem-solving strategy that could clarifying its reversal extent on the validity of health and wellbeing with the continuity of conserving the architectural heritage.
issues, and using collaborative problem-solving as one of teaching-learning methods and techniques, which will be directly reflected in finding solutions to the problem under investigation. The researcher aims to experiment and apply this method in a history of architecture class at faculty of architecture, to improve the environmental quality of health and wellbeing in historical built environment. This will increase the awareness for conservation aspects of architectural heritage in students, on the one hand. In addition to spread the spirit of teamwork, to facilitate the concept of integrated design process between the different disciplines when practicing professional life, on the other hand. Therefore, the study aims to produce a new methodology for integrating teaching-learning method in architecture, presenting various international attempts of thermal retrofit in historical built environment, guiding the architectural students to follow the same approach of such projects, which will save energy in a country that has a major problem in electricity. The case study is based on a real problem in a realistic situation in Tripoli old Souks at north Lebanon,
in which the instructor and the students will analyze and propose some solutions of building thermal retrofit within this historical context, using collaborative problem-solving strategy that could clarifying its reversal extent on the validity of health and wellbeing with the continuity of conserving the architectural heritage.