Papers by Sayed Ahmed
open-science-repository, 2013
Music is the most powerful formation of all arts. It is the ultimate destination for all
other s... more Music is the most powerful formation of all arts. It is the ultimate destination for all
other section of art, because all the arts meet to an end on music. Again the proletariat
literature, the sub-alter literature and folklore music might have the most intimate
relationship between the nature & human mind. The reason has its origin to reflection
over human mind by the impact of nature. Water’s wave splashes to the shores createssome sound, breeze passing the branches of trees also left some sound, the rhyme of fountain, songs of birds, mysterious moonlit night, and so on. Actually music is the first artistic realization of human mind. Thus development of interaction through language is mostly indebted to music and the first music of human kind should be a folk one. That’s why the appeal of folk music is universal. From this context, my design consideration, the institute proposed for Hason Raja Sangeet (music) Academy is based on the rural-organic spatial order, use of indigenous building materials and musical education adapting the vastness of Haor (marshy) basin nature. The aim was to feel Hason’s philosophy, convey the message to the upcoming nations. If we consider the social context, the barren land of Haor in winter gives opportunity to gather and music becomes the first choice for enchantment. If there is water in rainy season, or vastness of green by the paddy field, the instinct of human mind drives him to feel the indifference. Probably Sunamgonj bored famous-infamous 500 folk & mystic poets on her thousand year’s musical history. We can say, if the rice is product of Hoar’s fertile soil, than the folk music of Haor basin area is creation of its influence over the renunciation of human mind.
The topographical setting of the site is the most important factor for this design, can also be described as an opportunity of design consideration. Infect, the nature was the best possible catalysis to run the diversified, multipurpose & informal activities; which is required for such kind of project. Choosing a distinct or a of Hoar basin, Hizol; as the best- option for the monumentality, is only for its ability to respond with the changes of
seasons as well as periodical change in nature. This indicates the limitation of human
being is not an obstacle to his journey, where he can bewilder, frustrated, fascinated &
finally blessed by the supreme; but left no answers for others. The journey which is
always endless, a journey toward the infinite vastness.
American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), 2013
Atish Dipankar Srijanan from Bangladesh in Ten-Eleventh century was the most respected educator o... more Atish Dipankar Srijanan from Bangladesh in Ten-Eleventh century was the most respected educator of the sub-continent to convey the message of Buddha, acted as principal envoy of Vihara based education. In fact, he represents the great monastic learning tradition of more than 350 Viharas in this region within the development of Mahayana sect which lead all of them to contribute in scholarly literary creations including Buddhist mystic songs. If one wants to know the architectural features of that period, especially for the recently excavated Bikrampur Vihar, he or she need to trace Atish and have some observation over his interval points and end the journey in Tibet. To be contextual, the architecture of these Viharas influenced the style of monasteries and temples in South East Asia up to Myanmar, Cambodia to Java (Indonesia) and entire Bali peninsula and also in Tibet by implicit extend. In this regard, the style of gradual receding and crucified plan of the central shrine was most influential for practice. To exchange the thoughts they relied on such cooperation where spatial quality was followed as per their spirituality and architecture became the medium of a friendly brotherhood, as history kept the incident that King Devapala granted five villages attached to Nalanda for the installation of the Matha (individual Cella of vertical exposure) to honor the request of the King Sailendra of Java only for the scholars of Sumatra & Java. However, the aim of this study is to find an imagination of Bikrampur Vihar with the comparisons and similarities of the places which hold this noble sage‟s memories with their ruins. From that sense, this study is hypothetical one.
Journal of Islamic Architecture, 2014
Art behind Islamic architecture actually based on geometric patterns, developed through a continu... more Art behind Islamic architecture actually based on geometric patterns, developed through a continuous practice over the centuries after centuries by the influences of various earlier cultures such as Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Central Asian and Persian. Basic shapes like squares and rectangles play significant role in Islamic architecture.The reason is, it might recall the principles that govern the order of the world- ‘Purity’, could only be resembled by pure forms. The façades built by rectangular bricks tend to shape the built form in regular modules. This brickwork casts shadows in strong desert sunlight and creates a three-dimensional effect
as light is welcoming message from the Devine source, as it is regarded in all religions. In addition, various pointed starry patterns are common practice and get extremely complex when the outer points are joined together and intersections are connected in a systematic way. Another mode is based on organism of floral forms which recalls the feminine nature of life giving. Again, nobody will argue about the contribution of
calligraphy is the most patronized art for decoration. Why have Islamic world choose this universal phenomena? As Allah’s creation is pre-decided, the credit of all creativity belongs to the almighty. Also to his messenger, the holy prophet; who taught us to think in this way. The world is only a shadow of real world; here man is on a bewildered search. May be their firm belief; what man can perceive, can only discover the geometric forms to constitute designs which were already existed before in the ‘real world’. Discovered geometric forms, therefore, tries to exemplify that perfect reality because creation of Allah has been obscured by the sins of mankind- Art of the complete surrender.
GLOBAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, 2014
African art had a consequential inspiration for its aesthetic value over avant-garde mutiny, whil... more African art had a consequential inspiration for its aesthetic value over avant-garde mutiny, while the European artistic thought came to recognize the perpetual aspect of its composition and adapted these characteristics to evade naturalism which defined Western art, since the Renaissance. Architecture has opprobrium for its late response to any transformation of what other arts embrace certainly. But still, this ‘frozen music’ echoes the African ‘muddy or woody’ lyrics in its most constructive era of evolution; the zenith of Bauhaus. Why was this synthesis possible? To architecture, it is still regarded as a craft and the craftsmanship steered this communication to materialize both in elegiac comprehension and lucid scrutiny. The search for the sculptural need over architectural similes was probably to stimulate architecture in such way that is somewhat more humane. In fact, our retort to the nature is inevitable and such desire creates Metaphor and fabrics over symbolic representations which are experienced through climate, obtained by sensuous discernments of human being in what is referred to ‘primitive’. Supplementary curriculum from the early Bauhaus school demonstrates the emphasizing practice of its unique connotation. Likewise, Uses of indigenous constituents got a different dimension, which were distinct in Modernist practice of African architecture. This, along with the curse of ‘unaesthetic’, could be better explained by the modern theory of fractal art; which is something beyond our conformist splendor.
Journal of Modern Science and Technology, 2015
Architecture is not an abrupt phenomenon; rather it was an adoption of creativity throughout the ... more Architecture is not an abrupt phenomenon; rather it was an adoption of creativity throughout the development stages of human being; where humanity finds its relation with greater surroundings. This ‘understanding’ involves observations; range from herbal treatments provided by native fauna, impact of climatic changes in different seasons to the vast imagination of astrology. The maxims related to vernacular architecture, belongs to subaltern astrologer Khona; which reflect human nature in general, suggesting that the composer or composers were intimate to this land and were acquainted with the ways of life here in Bengal. This paper suggests that agriculture, health concern and architecture should ‘response’ to establish a goal for the betterment of mankind, exactly somewhat concerned meticulously by Khona; which can be referred as today’s well-known sustainability. How this same thought was felt by this wise lady over a millennium ago? And surprisingly, why people of this fertile delta bore her legacy by these simple maxims throughout centuries? Thus this practice of thousand years should not be overlooked. The objective of this research is to reveal the truth that the land should be proud to practice its own architecture according to this ancient Wise’s knowledge. In addition, it may try to indicate some possible outlines for both contemporary practice and academic curriculum.
Chitrolekha International Magazine on Art and Design,, 2015
The softness of river line soil has softened our minds, which gave the opportunity for the ancien... more The softness of river line soil has softened our minds, which gave the opportunity for the ancient artists of this most fertile delta of the world, comprised of approximately 700 rivers, to draw coarse lines over muddy surface and to mold any shape by fingers, a hypothetical beginning of art in this land. After Pala consequence, synthesis of Islam and Hinduism in rural culture gave birth of Bengal’s own artistic language during medieval period, where art was something inherent, instinct and intuitive. Folk art was not; even still not iconoclastic but the study of nature is prior to there. Bengal art had been possible only for the thirst to acquire precise negotiation with the surrounding nature. This observation resulted in a metaphysical fancy and was relevant in all forms of art. It represents the emotion of our community, not of the individuals. Thus the artists are lost, in the womb of past but not their arts. Prominence of folk literature had shaped the art of Bengal. From Bengal renaissance to Modernism, it is obvious that all of the artists wanted to search a common answer of a very simple question- what is art of our own! The question echoed in the realm of folk arena, where they all bowed and sought help, got enriched but there were conjoint dissatisfaction too: success without any specific response. Art of Bengal is synonymous to the art of folklore. It was, it is and it will be.
International Journal of Architecture, Engineering and Construction, 2016
The consequential philosophical yearning and classical architecture had acquired an exceptional s... more The consequential philosophical yearning and classical architecture had acquired an exceptional significance during the culmination of ancient Greek world despite all their conflicts and crisis; which creations are still contextual. In this interdisciplinary study, an estimated ‗theory' and ‗hypothesizing' took the major motivating tributary to descend a relation between the modalities of classical philosophy and theory of aesthetics associated with ancient Greek architecture. Thus discourses from philosophy, humanities and art theories regarding Greek architectural features are brought within reach. For that, Visual, material, construction and stylistic analysis of Greek architecture have constructed the ‗What and How' of the discourse while the iconographic discussions will lead us to the answers of ‗Why'. Some supportive analyses of socio-political history, text and biographies are also deliberated to correlate and prove the evidences. Who knows, Architecture might be the memento of Greek metaphysical manifestation: where the then Greek religion, patronization form power, economy, cultural exchange, humane thought and overall, their philosophy translated into hoary stones-something which is still a mystery. Such hypotheses will distillate that how influential were these deep-sighted thoughts and made them able to constituent all these white carving-stone poetry. The philosophical responsiveness might have sprouted from the immanent interrogations in architecture through form, function and space; as a speculation of external and transcendental questions to search the ‗Ideal'. The possible coherence of architecture with philosophy without any distinct horizon in-between, which is less focused earlier, designates the originality of this dissertation.
Specialty Journal of Architecture and Construction, 2017
The study is aimed to analyze the thermo climate analysis in different mud houses of village Mawn... more The study is aimed to analyze the thermo climate analysis in different mud houses of village Mawna at Gazipur district near the capital city of Dhaka. For case studies, four different mud houses were selected while thermal comfort has constituted the results of the paper. A micro-climatic survey technique was used to simulate the temperature comfort level for inhabitants while human interaction with surface-atmosphere in the rural environment was considered meticulously. By using the thermal comfort indexes like PMV (predicted mean vote) and MRT (mean radiant temperature) of previous theoretical assumptions, it has revealed that the thermal comfort of mud house displays the PMV values are close to a comfortable level; surely better than any dwelling units in the city. This analysis of thermal comfort and the wind flow also showed how influential was the local environment to incorporate the climatic responsiveness of such architectural feature. To realize the core idea for thermal controlling through the approach of traditional technique, the whole construction process and the spatial quality of mud architecture was revaluated to find out which decisions had driven the local wisdom for the material selection and space organization in this particular way. For this, an elaborate literature review has been done to learn and figure out the possible role of architects or other building professionals on the further development of indigenous techniques and also include these outcomes in academic curriculum.
Proceedings of the 4th Biennial of Architectural and Urban Restoration, BRAU4, 2018
This study is a deliberation through a construction and structural analysis of a simple case stud... more This study is a deliberation through a construction and structural analysis of a simple case study, but very persuasive world heritage monument, Qusayr Amra. For a better integrated study approach, the monument within its structural setting is necessary to enhance its preservation considerations in the future. The overhaul of Qusayr Amra could be a curious subject of vigilant investigations for the stability issues of other architectural trends of ancient Arab world. Such archaeology's structural documentation may allow us a better but assumed structural context. Knowing the composition of used materials and sustaining loads in such ancient stone walled structural system may endure great importance for conservation approaches. An understanding of the ancient technology is also necessary when the burning question of restoration comes into reality. This study emphasized on a possible technological revision of Qusayr Amra's built structure in a hypothetical way. Conclusions and recommendations have emerged from the mathematical analysis of common civil engineering and load bearing logic to assess the potential and current risks as generous appraisal for appropriate implementation in heritage conservation techniques.
Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies R&D, Volume 4 Issue 4., 2019
Winery Pforta"s historic edifices amongst the picturesque landscape are the evidences of its glor... more Winery Pforta"s historic edifices amongst the picturesque landscape are the evidences of its glorious past as it has experienced a long process of evolution under different regimes. The cultural heritage of this area is manifested by its buildings, street patterns, and use of space, lifestyle and religious practices and so on. Due to lack of awareness or conservation initiatives, all these historic monuments over the site are in a state of decay. Uncontrolled planning in terms of physical and visual quality resulted lost identity for the historic landscape. This site deserves serious attention being the reminiscence of Germany"s monastery based winery production and boarding practice for young scholars. The paper will illustrate potentiality of the site from today"s context and explore the ways to integrate them with the modern demand of production and wine tourism so the people are constantly aware of their glorious past. The evaluation of existing development pattern in terms of Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat of the site were thoroughly observed. Based on analysis some recommendations are made for the redevelopment and conservation so that, if implementation is expected, to trigger harmonious improvement of this historic area.
Dhaka is dying for its lost connections of water bodies once that was its natural setting. As a r... more Dhaka is dying for its lost connections of water bodies once that was its natural setting. As a result, it's suffering from water logging in monsoon and lowering of ground water at a same time. Relationship and possibility between lost nature and existing contaminated environment by controlling the rapid urbanization is the expected the aim of this study. Sustainable urban landscape could be a possible solution. It is such thought, where responsible implementation of technology, materials and methods over any urban context is applied for minimal or less intervention against so called 'human desire to design'. Obviously, the modus operandi is robustness that had been chosen instead of Tabula-Rasa. Considering various aspects like water and soil conservation, storm water recycling, plant health and even pest management along with socioeconomic and environmental issues might construct this research into urban design. Findings will introduce micro level initiatives to acquire an 'Eco-fabric' over large-scale and zonal context of urban complexity. Eventually, some derived decision model will reveal imaginable implementations of new ideas and technologies to solve challenges. 'Resilience' is preferred as presented value to adjust sustainable urban site initiatives against environmental challenges.
journal of university of babylon, 2019
As a remarkable case of being modern monument of Bauhaus style and social functionalist housing, ... more As a remarkable case of being modern monument of Bauhaus style and social functionalist housing, Siedlung Gropius Törten Estate of Dessau needs some reassessment in architectural material study as those are rare in todays practice. The research problem is, it is not rational to bring back the original materials again. To find out both modern facilities and original appearance in alternative choices, would be challenge as well. To introduce sustainable material practice for preset day composite conservation oriented practice accordingly, would be the research question of this study. And it should be done without any maltreatment to the originals. An investigative survey, literature review and collaboration with building and finishing material experts, were adopted as method. To cope with the specifics of Dessau, some potentials of localization and substitutions of contemporary installation were advocated after such meticulous observation. Tentative recommendations based on results, might demonstrate the possible links for further maintainable remodeling regarding the distinct architectural expression in alternative, possible preservation material practice. Such results of explicit survey will also reveal the various potentials in building and finishing material conservation technique in the future. The study will determine and establish that the Bauhaus aesthetics and its authentic value are dependent over all these materials.
Architecture and Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 4. St. Petersburg University, Russia, 2019
Introduction: The courtyard was perceived by generations just like a religious act in Bengal delt... more Introduction: The courtyard was perceived by generations just like a religious act in Bengal delta. Even the
community cohesion of the courtyard space was repeated and maintained in the township context, which neither belongs
to agricultural nor working class but rather to educated elites with western zest. How has this unique feature been
evolving and why is the appeal still the same today? Is the courtyard’s permeability just the ‘in-between space’ or was it
derived from the aspiration of philosophical legacy? Methods: The study uses a twofold method derived from solid-void
relationships. Firstly, eastern and western philosophical discourses were compared, and the extensive literature review
is presented. Secondly, historical evidence and logics behind the courtyard’s position from micro to macro scale, from
household to city formation is presented and analyzed in the philosophical context. Results and discussion: From a
very complex lattice and layers related to architectural philosophy, two important figures of western world, Baudrillard
and Foucault’s ideas proved crucial to comprehend how an image of the courtyard remained constant and how it is
empowered as a core space from the socio-cultural and functional views. The result affiliated western objectives and
eastern subjectivity.
Conference Presentations by Sayed Ahmed
19th Arcasia forum journal, Jaipur India, 2017
The community cohesion of courtyard space is still maintained in the town context. Chronological ... more The community cohesion of courtyard space is still maintained in the town context. Chronological history of society depicts the changing pattern of human settlement. There are two basic physical elements: voids (from sociological point of view) and built forms (from functional point of view). The term social structure comes here to accommodate socio-cultural needs of a community. But „our spaces‟ are an aspiration based on our legacy, which is common for a particular community of the same imposed culture. This is related to our observation: better observation is better imagination. It bored by generation to generation as like religious act.
material conference in Paris 2018, 2018
unpulished
The study is an integrated presentation, approaching the world heritage monuments within their st... more The study is an integrated presentation, approaching the world heritage monuments within their structural setting, is necessary for an enhanced preservation and interpretation of the resources. This study is an exploration of the structural nature of world heritage monuments through an analysis of a case study. The protection of Qusair Amra is the subject of a careful analysis for the ancient architecture and its stability research. Conclusions and recommendations have emerged from this analysis to derive specific aims of the study were to assess the potential and current risks generated by visitors as well giving a general appraisal of implemented heritage conservation techniques. The research could be used for future tourism planning, tourist management and future interpretation of Qusair Amra and for sustainable use, to benefit the economic, social and cultural growth of the Badiya region of Jordan. At the same time the archaeological and documentation activities conducted on-site may allow a better understanding of this significant monument through its structural context. Knowing the composition of lime stone and mortar in wall structure is of great importance for conservation; an understanding of the ancient materials and technology is necessary when creating new mortars to be used in restoration. This paper presents a possible technological study of the Qusayr Amra’s built structural system.
Sustainable urban landscape is such thought, where Responsible implementation of technology, mate... more Sustainable urban landscape is such thought, where Responsible implementation of technology, materials and methods over urban context with minimal or no intervention of so called ‘human desire to design’. Rather with the innovative vision of the relationship between nature and human. The motto considers various aspects like water and soil conservation, storm water recycling, materials of vernacular practice, plant health and pest management along with socio-economic and environmental issues. Burning question is, the city; ranked 11th largest in the world with the growth rate of 3.2%and witnessed recurrent morphological transformation through different periods, how many opportunity it can provide us? Some hope yet exists, as Dhaka has tributaries of five rivers surrounding its periphery, much like the artilleries of the human body; recognized as the last adoption for survival of this capital. The objective of the research lies in micro level initiatives to acquire an ‘Eco-fabric’ over large-scale and zonal context of urban complexity. Some decision model with implementation of new ideas and technologies are presented where the term ‘resilience’ is preferred to adjust sustainable sites initiatives. Obviously, the modus operandi of robustness had been chosen instead of Tabula-Rasa. The role of an architect for this research much more defined as ‘landscape ecologist’ from the concern of spatial pattern, scale and urban dynamics.
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Papers by Sayed Ahmed
other section of art, because all the arts meet to an end on music. Again the proletariat
literature, the sub-alter literature and folklore music might have the most intimate
relationship between the nature & human mind. The reason has its origin to reflection
over human mind by the impact of nature. Water’s wave splashes to the shores createssome sound, breeze passing the branches of trees also left some sound, the rhyme of fountain, songs of birds, mysterious moonlit night, and so on. Actually music is the first artistic realization of human mind. Thus development of interaction through language is mostly indebted to music and the first music of human kind should be a folk one. That’s why the appeal of folk music is universal. From this context, my design consideration, the institute proposed for Hason Raja Sangeet (music) Academy is based on the rural-organic spatial order, use of indigenous building materials and musical education adapting the vastness of Haor (marshy) basin nature. The aim was to feel Hason’s philosophy, convey the message to the upcoming nations. If we consider the social context, the barren land of Haor in winter gives opportunity to gather and music becomes the first choice for enchantment. If there is water in rainy season, or vastness of green by the paddy field, the instinct of human mind drives him to feel the indifference. Probably Sunamgonj bored famous-infamous 500 folk & mystic poets on her thousand year’s musical history. We can say, if the rice is product of Hoar’s fertile soil, than the folk music of Haor basin area is creation of its influence over the renunciation of human mind.
The topographical setting of the site is the most important factor for this design, can also be described as an opportunity of design consideration. Infect, the nature was the best possible catalysis to run the diversified, multipurpose & informal activities; which is required for such kind of project. Choosing a distinct or a of Hoar basin, Hizol; as the best- option for the monumentality, is only for its ability to respond with the changes of
seasons as well as periodical change in nature. This indicates the limitation of human
being is not an obstacle to his journey, where he can bewilder, frustrated, fascinated &
finally blessed by the supreme; but left no answers for others. The journey which is
always endless, a journey toward the infinite vastness.
as light is welcoming message from the Devine source, as it is regarded in all religions. In addition, various pointed starry patterns are common practice and get extremely complex when the outer points are joined together and intersections are connected in a systematic way. Another mode is based on organism of floral forms which recalls the feminine nature of life giving. Again, nobody will argue about the contribution of
calligraphy is the most patronized art for decoration. Why have Islamic world choose this universal phenomena? As Allah’s creation is pre-decided, the credit of all creativity belongs to the almighty. Also to his messenger, the holy prophet; who taught us to think in this way. The world is only a shadow of real world; here man is on a bewildered search. May be their firm belief; what man can perceive, can only discover the geometric forms to constitute designs which were already existed before in the ‘real world’. Discovered geometric forms, therefore, tries to exemplify that perfect reality because creation of Allah has been obscured by the sins of mankind- Art of the complete surrender.
community cohesion of the courtyard space was repeated and maintained in the township context, which neither belongs
to agricultural nor working class but rather to educated elites with western zest. How has this unique feature been
evolving and why is the appeal still the same today? Is the courtyard’s permeability just the ‘in-between space’ or was it
derived from the aspiration of philosophical legacy? Methods: The study uses a twofold method derived from solid-void
relationships. Firstly, eastern and western philosophical discourses were compared, and the extensive literature review
is presented. Secondly, historical evidence and logics behind the courtyard’s position from micro to macro scale, from
household to city formation is presented and analyzed in the philosophical context. Results and discussion: From a
very complex lattice and layers related to architectural philosophy, two important figures of western world, Baudrillard
and Foucault’s ideas proved crucial to comprehend how an image of the courtyard remained constant and how it is
empowered as a core space from the socio-cultural and functional views. The result affiliated western objectives and
eastern subjectivity.
Conference Presentations by Sayed Ahmed
other section of art, because all the arts meet to an end on music. Again the proletariat
literature, the sub-alter literature and folklore music might have the most intimate
relationship between the nature & human mind. The reason has its origin to reflection
over human mind by the impact of nature. Water’s wave splashes to the shores createssome sound, breeze passing the branches of trees also left some sound, the rhyme of fountain, songs of birds, mysterious moonlit night, and so on. Actually music is the first artistic realization of human mind. Thus development of interaction through language is mostly indebted to music and the first music of human kind should be a folk one. That’s why the appeal of folk music is universal. From this context, my design consideration, the institute proposed for Hason Raja Sangeet (music) Academy is based on the rural-organic spatial order, use of indigenous building materials and musical education adapting the vastness of Haor (marshy) basin nature. The aim was to feel Hason’s philosophy, convey the message to the upcoming nations. If we consider the social context, the barren land of Haor in winter gives opportunity to gather and music becomes the first choice for enchantment. If there is water in rainy season, or vastness of green by the paddy field, the instinct of human mind drives him to feel the indifference. Probably Sunamgonj bored famous-infamous 500 folk & mystic poets on her thousand year’s musical history. We can say, if the rice is product of Hoar’s fertile soil, than the folk music of Haor basin area is creation of its influence over the renunciation of human mind.
The topographical setting of the site is the most important factor for this design, can also be described as an opportunity of design consideration. Infect, the nature was the best possible catalysis to run the diversified, multipurpose & informal activities; which is required for such kind of project. Choosing a distinct or a of Hoar basin, Hizol; as the best- option for the monumentality, is only for its ability to respond with the changes of
seasons as well as periodical change in nature. This indicates the limitation of human
being is not an obstacle to his journey, where he can bewilder, frustrated, fascinated &
finally blessed by the supreme; but left no answers for others. The journey which is
always endless, a journey toward the infinite vastness.
as light is welcoming message from the Devine source, as it is regarded in all religions. In addition, various pointed starry patterns are common practice and get extremely complex when the outer points are joined together and intersections are connected in a systematic way. Another mode is based on organism of floral forms which recalls the feminine nature of life giving. Again, nobody will argue about the contribution of
calligraphy is the most patronized art for decoration. Why have Islamic world choose this universal phenomena? As Allah’s creation is pre-decided, the credit of all creativity belongs to the almighty. Also to his messenger, the holy prophet; who taught us to think in this way. The world is only a shadow of real world; here man is on a bewildered search. May be their firm belief; what man can perceive, can only discover the geometric forms to constitute designs which were already existed before in the ‘real world’. Discovered geometric forms, therefore, tries to exemplify that perfect reality because creation of Allah has been obscured by the sins of mankind- Art of the complete surrender.
community cohesion of the courtyard space was repeated and maintained in the township context, which neither belongs
to agricultural nor working class but rather to educated elites with western zest. How has this unique feature been
evolving and why is the appeal still the same today? Is the courtyard’s permeability just the ‘in-between space’ or was it
derived from the aspiration of philosophical legacy? Methods: The study uses a twofold method derived from solid-void
relationships. Firstly, eastern and western philosophical discourses were compared, and the extensive literature review
is presented. Secondly, historical evidence and logics behind the courtyard’s position from micro to macro scale, from
household to city formation is presented and analyzed in the philosophical context. Results and discussion: From a
very complex lattice and layers related to architectural philosophy, two important figures of western world, Baudrillard
and Foucault’s ideas proved crucial to comprehend how an image of the courtyard remained constant and how it is
empowered as a core space from the socio-cultural and functional views. The result affiliated western objectives and
eastern subjectivity.