Background: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of oral co-morbidities in 8 to 16 years o... more Background: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of oral co-morbidities in 8 to 16 years old children with Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and compare this with the prevalence of same oral lesions in children without MIH. Method: Study participants were selected through a multi-staged sampling technique. The children were asked if they had dentine hypersensitivity or any concerns about their aesthetics. Children were examined for MIH, caries, traumatic dental injury and their oral hygiene status. The association between MIH and each of the independent variables was determined. Results: Only children with MIH had aesthetic related concerns and dentine hypersensitivity. The differences in the oral hygiene status (p < 0.001) and caries prevalence (p < 0.001) of children with and without MIH were statistically significant. The prevalence of traumatic dental injury did not differ statistically between children with MIH and those without MIH (p = 0.24). Conclusion: Children with MIH had more oral pathologies than children without MIH. These co-morbidities (dentine hypersensitivity, aesthetic concerns, caries and oral hygiene) are capable of impacting negatively on the quality of life of the children. Screening for children with MIH may help facilitate prompt access to treatment.
Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry
Family structures can affect the oral health of the child. However, little is known about the imp... more Family structures can affect the oral health of the child. However, little is known about the impact of the family structure on oral health of children in Africa. To determine the association between family structure, twice daily toothbrushing, use of fluoridated toothpaste, caries, and oral hygiene status of 5-12-year-old children resident in semi-urban Nigeria. Secondary analysis of the data of 601 children recruited through a household survey conducted in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The association between dependent variables (presence of caries, good oral hygiene, use of fluoridated toothpaste, and twice daily toothbrushing) and the family structure (parental structure, number of siblings, and birth rank) was determined. Simple and multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the association. The regression models were adjusted for age and gender. Children who were not primogenitor had significantly reduced odds of using fluoridated toothpaste (AOR: 0.91; 95% confidence interval...
The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) is a unique joint because both the right and left joints must o... more The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) is a unique joint because both the right and left joints must open synchronously for function, Ankylosis of the TMJ refers to bony or fibrous adhesion of the anatomical components of the joint and their ensuing loss of function. Early presentation means that the patient will require a less extensive surgical treatment. The reality, however, is that many patients present to the surgeons, years or decades after the initial injury, and so TMJ ankylosis would have been fully established. Causes of TMJ ankylosis include trauma and infections. Surgery with aggressive post-operative physiotherapy is the mainstay of management. There is paucity of reports on the presentation and management of this condition from our centre. We present two patients, 16 and 20 years old, with TMJ ankylosis in our centre. Both of them presented after 12 and 18 years, respectively, of initial injury to the TMJs.
Context: Parents are often concerned about their children's nonnutritive sucking (NNS) habits... more Context: Parents are often concerned about their children's nonnutritive sucking (NNS) habits and may institute mechanisms to try to break them. Aim: The study identified various methods instituted by mothers resident in a suburban Nigeria to break NNS habits of children, reasons for wanting to break the habit, and the association between instituted methods and sociodemographic profile of the mothers. Materials and Methods: The data of 129 mothers of children aged 4 years to 12 years who had NNS habits at the time of conducting a household survey were analyzed. Statistical Analysis: Tests of associations were conducted to determine the association between maternal age and level of education and methods employed to break child's NNS habits. Results: Eighty-four mothers (65.1%) made efforts to break the habit. Habit persisting to older age was the main concern. The most common method employed for breaking habits was punishing the child (54.8%).Only 7 (20.0%) mothers who were concerned about NNS habit(s) sought professional advice. A greater though insignificant percentage of mothers in the 25–34 years age group (57.2%; P = 0.48) and those with secondary school level of education (56.0%; P = 0.12) made efforts to break their children's NNS habits. Conclusions: The majority of mothers were concerned about their children's NNS habits. However, very few concerned mothers sought professional advice. Efforts need to be made to improve the public awareness about the availability of professional services for managing NNS habits and potential impact of employing nonprofessional methods to break habits.
Oral habits are repetitive actions that are done automatically. These behaviours are started and ... more Oral habits are repetitive actions that are done automatically. These behaviours are started and stopped spontaneously with or without deleterious effect on the developing occlusion. Aim: To explore the family related factors associated with oral habits in children resident in suburban Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional study utilizing a household survey to recruit 992 1year to 12-year-olds. Information collected using a structured questionnaire included gender, family structure (parenting structure, birth rank, number of siblings, socioeconomic status) and types of non-nutritive habits. The association between family structures related variables and presence of non-nutritive oral habits was determined using Chi square. Logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of presence of oral habits. Results: There was no significant association between the prevalence of oral habits and parenting structure (p=0.52), birth rank (p=0.50) and socioeconomic status (p=0.14). However, the association between oral habits prevalence and number of siblings the child had was significant (p=0.03). The odds of having a non-nutritive oral habit reduced insignificantly for those from middle (AOR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.42-1.08) and low (AOR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.59-1.55) socioeconomic class when compared with those with high socioeconomic status; and for last born and only children (AOR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.56-1.60) and children with 2-4 siblings (AOR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.36-1.09) when compared with those that have more than 4 siblings. The odds were higher for children who were living with single parents or guardians (AOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 0.76-2.59; p=0.27) and for males (AOR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.82-1.78). Conclusion: The study was unable to identify a significant family related predictor of presence of non-nutritive oral habits in the study population though a number of these factors increased the odds of having the habits. There is need to explore if specific family factors are associated with the presence of specific non-nutritive habits in this group of children.
Background: Severe orofacial infections are end results of initially long and slow
disease proces... more Background: Severe orofacial infections are end results of initially long and slow disease process, usually of odontogenic origin. The outcome of the management of these conditions is to a large extent affected by the duration of the disease and extent of spread prior to presentation in the hospital. Mediastinitis, pleuritis, cerebral abscess and meningitis are documented complications secondary to spreading odontogenic infections. Odontogenic infections should therefore, be handled as an urgency to prevent acute emergency situations. Methods: We present two cases of severe orofacial infections that were seen and managed at our center. Findings: Apart from the advanced age of the case 2, there was no systemic co-morbidity that usually predispose to severe orofacial infection, and while normal oral flora was found in case 1, microscopy culture and sensitivity did not yield any growth in case 2. Successful management of the two cases was, however, achieved with aggressive serial surgical debridement. Conclusion: successful management of these patients through serial surgical debridement further lends credence to the importance of less dependence on waiting to know the microbiology and its potentially harmful sensitive medications in the management of severe orofacial infections.
Background: Multiple risk factors have been identified for traumatic dental injuries, including c... more Background: Multiple risk factors have been identified for traumatic dental injuries, including crown fractures, in various age groups and various populations. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, risk factors and family related factors for crown trauma among 8 to 16 year-old children in a suburban population, Nigeria.
Background: This study tries to determine the prevalence and co-morbidities associated with hypom... more Background: This study tries to determine the prevalence and co-morbidities associated with hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM) in 8- to 10- year-old children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria; and the co-existence of HSPM and Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) in the study population.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving 8- to 10- year-old children in schooling in suburban Nigeria. Information was collected on the child's age, sex and socioeconomic status. Intraoral examination was conducted to determine the presence of HSPM, MIH, caries and the oral hygiene status of study participants. The severity of HSPM was also determined. The prevalence of HSPM, the association between HSPM, sex and socioeconomic status of study participants, the difference in the prevalence of caries and poor oral hygiene in children with and without HSPM, and the prevalence of HSPM and MIH co-morbidity were determined.
Results: Twenty seven of the 469 children examined (5.8 %) had HSPM. The tooth prevalence of HSPM was 3.9 %. There was no significant sex (p = 0.06), age (p = 0.41), and socioeconomic status (p = 0.67) differences between children with HSPM and without HSPM. More children with HSPM had caries (p ≤ 0.001) and poor oral hygiene (p = 0.01). Children with HSPM have increased odds having dental caries (AOR: 6.34; CI: 2.78–14.46; p = <0.001) and reduced odds of having good oral hygiene (AOR: 0.32; CI: 0.13–0.78; p = 0.01) when compare with children without HSPM. Also 77.8 % of children with HSPM also had MIH.
Conclusion: The prevalence of HSPM in the study population is significantly high. The large number of children with HSPM and MIH also suggests that HSPM is a predisposing factor for MIH. The significantly higher proportion of children with HSPM who had caries and poor oral hygiene makes it imperative to institute screening programmes for HSPM/MIH in the study population.
BACKGROUND:
This study determined the prevalence of digit sucking and gingivitis, and the associa... more BACKGROUND: This study determined the prevalence of digit sucking and gingivitis, and the association between age, gender, socioeconomic status, presence of digit sucking habits, oral hygiene status and gingivitis among a group of Nigerian children.
METHODS: The data of 992 children 1 to 12 years recruited through a household survey conducted in Osun State, Nigeria was analyzed. Information on age, gender, and socioeconomic status and history of digit-sucking habits were collected. Children were assessed for oral hygiene status and the severity of gingivitis using the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified and the Gingival Index respectively. The predictors of presence of gingivitis and poor oral hygiene were determined using multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS: Twelve (2.7%) and 383 (78.3%) children aged 1-5 years had poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis respectively. Also, 11 (2.4%) and 432 (87.4) children aged 6-12 years had poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis respectively. The odds of having poor oral hygiene (AOR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.20-0.35; p <0.001) and gingivitis (AOR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.14 - 0.31; p<0.001) was significantly reduced for children aged 1-5 years. The odds of having gingivitis was increased in children with low socioeconomic status (AOR: 2.09; 9% CI: 1.32 - 3.31; p=0.002). There was no significant relationship between gender, digit sucking, oral hygiene status and presence of gingivitis.
CONCLUSIONS: Digit-sucking habit did not increase the chances of having poor oral hygiene and gingivitis. Increasing age and low socio-economic status were factors that significantly increased the chances of having poor oral hygiene and gingivitis.
Aim: To assess the oral health practices and knowledge of practicing dentists at a tertiary healt... more Aim: To assess the oral health practices and knowledge of practicing dentists at a tertiary health institution in Nigeria, and the possible association of age and sex with caries prevention practices.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted. All practicing dentists in the institution were eligible to participate in the study. A questionnaire that assessed oral health practices and knowledge was administered. Respondents were expected to select the most appropriate responses that reflected their knowledge of oral health practices and caries prevention practices. Questions included assessment of knowledge and practice of tooth brushing, flossing, refined carbohydrate intake, and dental service utilization. Participants’ responses were scored and dichotomized to poor and good knowledge, and poor and good practices, using the median scores. Bivariate analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with good and poor oral health practices, and good and poor knowledge.
Results: Fifty-two eligible study participants were accessible at the time of questionnaire administration. Only 46 respondents returned the filled questionnaire giving a response rate of 88.5%. The age of respondents ranged between 25 and 48 years. The majority of respondents had good oral health practices (65.2%) and good oral health knowledge (85%). However, few respondents had good caries prevention practices: 39.2% brushed at least twice daily, 45.7% took refined carbohydrate less than once daily, 36.9% used dental floss at least once daily, and 60.9% undertook preventive dental care. The correlation between the dentists’ oral health knowledge score and oral health practices score was insignificant (0.90; P = 0.55).
Conclusion: A large number of dentists practicing in the tertiary hospital had good oral health practices and good oral health knowledge. However, the proportion of dentists with good caries prevention practices was low.
Background: The study of dental anomalies is important because it generates information that is i... more Background: The study of dental anomalies is important because it generates information that is important for both the anthropological and clinical management of patients. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and pattern of presentation of dental hard-tissue developmental anomalies in the mix dentition of children residing in Ile-Ife, a suburban region of Nigeria. Methods: Information on age, sex and socioeconomic status was collected from 1,036 children aged four months to 12 years through a household survey. Clinical examination was conducted to assess the presence of dental anomalies. Associations between age, sex, socioeconomic status, prevalence, and pattern of presentation of the developmental hard-tissue dental anomalies were determined.
Aims To determine the association between use of recommended oral self-care (ROSC) caries prevent... more Aims To determine the association between use of recommended oral self-care (ROSC) caries prevention tools and presence of dental caries in children resident in suburban Nigeria. Methodology Secondary analysis was conducted for a dataset generated for 1-12 years old children recruited through a household survey. Information on use of ROSC caries prevention tools (brushing more than once a day, use of fluoridated toothpaste always, and eating sugary snacks between main meals less than once a day), use of oral health adjuncts (dental floss, mouth rinses, other tooth cleansing agents) and presence of caries were extracted. The odds of having caries when ROSC caries prevention tools were used singly or in combination, were determined using multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age and sex.
AIMS:
To determine the association between use of recommended oral self-care (ROSC) caries preven... more AIMS: To determine the association between use of recommended oral self-care (ROSC) caries prevention tools and presence of dental caries in children resident in suburban Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: Secondary analysis was conducted for a dataset generated for 1-12 years old children recruited through a household survey. Information on use of ROSC caries prevention tools (brushing more than once a day, use of fluoridated toothpaste always, and eating sugary snacks between main meals less than once a day), use of oral health adjuncts (dental floss, mouth rinses, other tooth cleansing agents) and presence of caries were extracted. The odds of having caries when ROSC caries prevention tools were used singly or in combination, were determined using multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS: The single or combined use of ROSC caries prevention tools had no statistically significant association with presence of caries. Brushing more than once a day reduced the odds of having caries while consumption of sugar between meals once a day or more increased the odds of having caries after adjusting for age and gender. The use of two ROSC caries prevention tools reduced the risk for caries (AOR 0.28; 95 % CI 0.05-1.53) when adjusted for age. The converse was observed when adjusted for gender (AOR 1.15; 95 % CI 0.38-3.45). The largest effect size was observed when sugary snacks were taken once a day or more between meals after adjusting for age (AOR 5.74; 95 % CI 0.34-96.11). CONCLUSION: The use of a combination of fluoridated toothpaste and twice-daily tooth brushing had the largest effect on reducing the chance for caries in children resident in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Non-nutritive sucking (NNS) is a common behavior in childhood. The association between digit suck... more Non-nutritive sucking (NNS) is a common behavior in childhood. The association between digit sucking, dental caries and oral health has been studied with inconclusive results. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of, and the association between digit sucking, caries and oral hygiene status of children age six months to 12 years, resident in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ife Central Local Government Area of Osun State. Data were collected through a household survey using a multi-stage sampling procedure from children between six months and 12 years. Details of each child&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s socio-demographic characteristics, digit sucking habits, caries status and oral health status were collected. The association between digit sucking, caries status and oral hygiene status was determined using Chi square and Logistic regression. The mean age of the 992 study participants was 5.8 ± (3.2) years. The prevalence of digit sucking, caries and poor oral hygiene were 7.2%, 10.5% and 2.4% respectively. The mean dmft score was 0.22 ± (0.80), mean DMFT score was 0.04 ± (0.30) while mean Oral Hygiene Index score was 1.27 ± (0.73). Digit sucking increased the odds of having caries (OR: 1.28; CI: 0.58-2.81) but decreased the odds of having poor oral hygiene (OR: 0.58; CI: 0.34-1.01) insignificantly. Digit sucking was not a significant predictor of caries and oral hygiene status, although the odds of having caries increased while the odds of having poor oral hygiene decreased with digit sucking.
Background: Molar Incisor Hypoplasia (MIH) and Deciduous Molar Hypoplasia (DMH) have significant ... more Background: Molar Incisor Hypoplasia (MIH) and Deciduous Molar Hypoplasia (DMH) have significant impact on the quality of life of affected individuals. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence, pattern and clinical presentation of MIH and DMH in children resident in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, and their association with sex and socioeconomic status of the children. Methods: Information on age, sex and socioeconomic status was collected from 563 children aged 3 to 5 years and 8 to 10 years using a structured questionnaire through a household survey. Clinical examination was conducted to assess for the presence of DMH and MIH. The prevalence of DMH and MIH were determined. Tests of association between sex, socioeconomic status, prevalence, and pattern of presentation of both DMH and MIH were conducted using Pearson's Chi-squared test Fisher's exact test. Result: Fifteen (4.6 %) of the 327 children aged 3 to 5 years and 23 (9.7 %) of the 237 children aged 8 to 10 years had DMH and MIH respectively. There were no significant association between DMH, sex (p = 0.49) and socioeconomic status (p = 0.32). There were also no significant association between MIH, sex (p = 0.31) and socioeconomic status (p = 0.41). MIH/DMH co-morbidity was observed in eight (34.8 %) of the 23 children with MIH. The mandible and maxilla were affected equally. Antimere was not observed. Conclusion: The prevalence of DMH and the prevalence of MIH in the study population were high. DMH and MIH were not associated with sex and socioeconomic status. There was no specific pattern identified in the presentation of DMH and MIH. The prevalence of DMH/MIH co-morbidity is also high. Patients with DMH should be screened for MIH.
Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is defined as the presence of caries lesion in an primary tooth in c... more Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is defined as the presence of caries lesion in an primary tooth in children below the age of 71 months. It is a significant public health problem with consequences for the growth and development of affected children. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and ECC risk indicators in a suburban population in Nigeria. The data of 497 children aged 6 months to 71 months who were recruited through a household survey conducted in Ile-Ife, Nigeria was analysed for prevalence of ECC and risk indicators. Information on children&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s ages, sex, socioeconomic status, tooth brushing habits, sugary snacks consumption, use of fluoridated toothpaste, birth rank, infant-feeding practices, breastfeeding practices, maternal age at childbirth, and maternal knowledge of oral health was obtained. Children&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s oral hygiene and caries status was also determined. Risk factors associated with ECC were determined using logistic regression analysis. Thirty-three (6.6%) children had ECC. Four (0.8%) had severe ECC. The four risk indicators for ECC were the child&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s gender, mothers&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; knowledge of oral health, consumption of sugary snacks in between meals more than three times a day, and the child&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s oral hygiene status. Females (PR: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.01- -0.01; p = 0.02), and children with mothers who had good knowledge of oral health (PR: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.11--0.008; p = 0.02) were less likely to have ECC. Children who consumed sugary snacks in between meals three times a day or more (PR: 0.05; CI: 0.003 - 0.01; P = 0.04) and children with fair oral hygiene (PR: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.005-0.10; p = 0.03) were more likely to have ECC. The prevalence of ECC in the study population was low. Promoting good oral hygiene practices and enhancing mothers&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; knowledge of oral health may help reduce further, the risk for ECC in the study population.
Background: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of oral co-morbidities in 8 to 16 years o... more Background: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of oral co-morbidities in 8 to 16 years old children with Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and compare this with the prevalence of same oral lesions in children without MIH. Method: Study participants were selected through a multi-staged sampling technique. The children were asked if they had dentine hypersensitivity or any concerns about their aesthetics. Children were examined for MIH, caries, traumatic dental injury and their oral hygiene status. The association between MIH and each of the independent variables was determined.
The objectives of this study were to assess the association between children and parents' kno... more The objectives of this study were to assess the association between children and parents' knowledge of caries preventive practices, the parents' caries preventive oral health behaviours and children's caries preventive oral health behaviour and caries experience. Three hundred and twenty four participants aged 8-12 years, 308 fathers and 318 mothers were recruited through a household survey conducted in Suburban Nigeria. A questionnaire was administered to generate information on fathers, mothers and children's knowledge of caries prevention measures and their oral health behaviour. Clinical examination was conducted on the children to determine their dmft/DMFT. Analysis was conducted to determine the predictors of the children's good oral health behaviour. The mothers' oral health behaviours were significant predictors of the children's oral health behaviours. Children who had good knowledge of caries prevention measures had significant increased odds of...
Background: The study of dental anomalies is important because it generates information that is i... more Background: The study of dental anomalies is important because it generates information that is important for both the anthropological and clinical management of patients. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and pattern of presentation of dental hard-tissue developmental anomalies in the mix dentition of children residing in Ile-Ife, a suburban region of Nigeria. Methods: Information on age, sex and socioeconomic status was collected from 1,036 children aged four months to 12 years through a household survey. Clinical examination was conducted to assess the presence of dental anomalies. Associations between age, sex, socioeconomic status, prevalence, and pattern of presentation of the developmental hard-tissue dental anomalies were determined.
Background: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of oral co-morbidities in 8 to 16 years o... more Background: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of oral co-morbidities in 8 to 16 years old children with Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and compare this with the prevalence of same oral lesions in children without MIH. Method: Study participants were selected through a multi-staged sampling technique. The children were asked if they had dentine hypersensitivity or any concerns about their aesthetics. Children were examined for MIH, caries, traumatic dental injury and their oral hygiene status. The association between MIH and each of the independent variables was determined. Results: Only children with MIH had aesthetic related concerns and dentine hypersensitivity. The differences in the oral hygiene status (p < 0.001) and caries prevalence (p < 0.001) of children with and without MIH were statistically significant. The prevalence of traumatic dental injury did not differ statistically between children with MIH and those without MIH (p = 0.24). Conclusion: Children with MIH had more oral pathologies than children without MIH. These co-morbidities (dentine hypersensitivity, aesthetic concerns, caries and oral hygiene) are capable of impacting negatively on the quality of life of the children. Screening for children with MIH may help facilitate prompt access to treatment.
Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry
Family structures can affect the oral health of the child. However, little is known about the imp... more Family structures can affect the oral health of the child. However, little is known about the impact of the family structure on oral health of children in Africa. To determine the association between family structure, twice daily toothbrushing, use of fluoridated toothpaste, caries, and oral hygiene status of 5-12-year-old children resident in semi-urban Nigeria. Secondary analysis of the data of 601 children recruited through a household survey conducted in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The association between dependent variables (presence of caries, good oral hygiene, use of fluoridated toothpaste, and twice daily toothbrushing) and the family structure (parental structure, number of siblings, and birth rank) was determined. Simple and multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the association. The regression models were adjusted for age and gender. Children who were not primogenitor had significantly reduced odds of using fluoridated toothpaste (AOR: 0.91; 95% confidence interval...
The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) is a unique joint because both the right and left joints must o... more The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) is a unique joint because both the right and left joints must open synchronously for function, Ankylosis of the TMJ refers to bony or fibrous adhesion of the anatomical components of the joint and their ensuing loss of function. Early presentation means that the patient will require a less extensive surgical treatment. The reality, however, is that many patients present to the surgeons, years or decades after the initial injury, and so TMJ ankylosis would have been fully established. Causes of TMJ ankylosis include trauma and infections. Surgery with aggressive post-operative physiotherapy is the mainstay of management. There is paucity of reports on the presentation and management of this condition from our centre. We present two patients, 16 and 20 years old, with TMJ ankylosis in our centre. Both of them presented after 12 and 18 years, respectively, of initial injury to the TMJs.
Context: Parents are often concerned about their children's nonnutritive sucking (NNS) habits... more Context: Parents are often concerned about their children's nonnutritive sucking (NNS) habits and may institute mechanisms to try to break them. Aim: The study identified various methods instituted by mothers resident in a suburban Nigeria to break NNS habits of children, reasons for wanting to break the habit, and the association between instituted methods and sociodemographic profile of the mothers. Materials and Methods: The data of 129 mothers of children aged 4 years to 12 years who had NNS habits at the time of conducting a household survey were analyzed. Statistical Analysis: Tests of associations were conducted to determine the association between maternal age and level of education and methods employed to break child's NNS habits. Results: Eighty-four mothers (65.1%) made efforts to break the habit. Habit persisting to older age was the main concern. The most common method employed for breaking habits was punishing the child (54.8%).Only 7 (20.0%) mothers who were concerned about NNS habit(s) sought professional advice. A greater though insignificant percentage of mothers in the 25–34 years age group (57.2%; P = 0.48) and those with secondary school level of education (56.0%; P = 0.12) made efforts to break their children's NNS habits. Conclusions: The majority of mothers were concerned about their children's NNS habits. However, very few concerned mothers sought professional advice. Efforts need to be made to improve the public awareness about the availability of professional services for managing NNS habits and potential impact of employing nonprofessional methods to break habits.
Oral habits are repetitive actions that are done automatically. These behaviours are started and ... more Oral habits are repetitive actions that are done automatically. These behaviours are started and stopped spontaneously with or without deleterious effect on the developing occlusion. Aim: To explore the family related factors associated with oral habits in children resident in suburban Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional study utilizing a household survey to recruit 992 1year to 12-year-olds. Information collected using a structured questionnaire included gender, family structure (parenting structure, birth rank, number of siblings, socioeconomic status) and types of non-nutritive habits. The association between family structures related variables and presence of non-nutritive oral habits was determined using Chi square. Logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of presence of oral habits. Results: There was no significant association between the prevalence of oral habits and parenting structure (p=0.52), birth rank (p=0.50) and socioeconomic status (p=0.14). However, the association between oral habits prevalence and number of siblings the child had was significant (p=0.03). The odds of having a non-nutritive oral habit reduced insignificantly for those from middle (AOR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.42-1.08) and low (AOR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.59-1.55) socioeconomic class when compared with those with high socioeconomic status; and for last born and only children (AOR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.56-1.60) and children with 2-4 siblings (AOR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.36-1.09) when compared with those that have more than 4 siblings. The odds were higher for children who were living with single parents or guardians (AOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 0.76-2.59; p=0.27) and for males (AOR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.82-1.78). Conclusion: The study was unable to identify a significant family related predictor of presence of non-nutritive oral habits in the study population though a number of these factors increased the odds of having the habits. There is need to explore if specific family factors are associated with the presence of specific non-nutritive habits in this group of children.
Background: Severe orofacial infections are end results of initially long and slow
disease proces... more Background: Severe orofacial infections are end results of initially long and slow disease process, usually of odontogenic origin. The outcome of the management of these conditions is to a large extent affected by the duration of the disease and extent of spread prior to presentation in the hospital. Mediastinitis, pleuritis, cerebral abscess and meningitis are documented complications secondary to spreading odontogenic infections. Odontogenic infections should therefore, be handled as an urgency to prevent acute emergency situations. Methods: We present two cases of severe orofacial infections that were seen and managed at our center. Findings: Apart from the advanced age of the case 2, there was no systemic co-morbidity that usually predispose to severe orofacial infection, and while normal oral flora was found in case 1, microscopy culture and sensitivity did not yield any growth in case 2. Successful management of the two cases was, however, achieved with aggressive serial surgical debridement. Conclusion: successful management of these patients through serial surgical debridement further lends credence to the importance of less dependence on waiting to know the microbiology and its potentially harmful sensitive medications in the management of severe orofacial infections.
Background: Multiple risk factors have been identified for traumatic dental injuries, including c... more Background: Multiple risk factors have been identified for traumatic dental injuries, including crown fractures, in various age groups and various populations. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, risk factors and family related factors for crown trauma among 8 to 16 year-old children in a suburban population, Nigeria.
Background: This study tries to determine the prevalence and co-morbidities associated with hypom... more Background: This study tries to determine the prevalence and co-morbidities associated with hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM) in 8- to 10- year-old children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria; and the co-existence of HSPM and Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) in the study population.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving 8- to 10- year-old children in schooling in suburban Nigeria. Information was collected on the child's age, sex and socioeconomic status. Intraoral examination was conducted to determine the presence of HSPM, MIH, caries and the oral hygiene status of study participants. The severity of HSPM was also determined. The prevalence of HSPM, the association between HSPM, sex and socioeconomic status of study participants, the difference in the prevalence of caries and poor oral hygiene in children with and without HSPM, and the prevalence of HSPM and MIH co-morbidity were determined.
Results: Twenty seven of the 469 children examined (5.8 %) had HSPM. The tooth prevalence of HSPM was 3.9 %. There was no significant sex (p = 0.06), age (p = 0.41), and socioeconomic status (p = 0.67) differences between children with HSPM and without HSPM. More children with HSPM had caries (p ≤ 0.001) and poor oral hygiene (p = 0.01). Children with HSPM have increased odds having dental caries (AOR: 6.34; CI: 2.78–14.46; p = <0.001) and reduced odds of having good oral hygiene (AOR: 0.32; CI: 0.13–0.78; p = 0.01) when compare with children without HSPM. Also 77.8 % of children with HSPM also had MIH.
Conclusion: The prevalence of HSPM in the study population is significantly high. The large number of children with HSPM and MIH also suggests that HSPM is a predisposing factor for MIH. The significantly higher proportion of children with HSPM who had caries and poor oral hygiene makes it imperative to institute screening programmes for HSPM/MIH in the study population.
BACKGROUND:
This study determined the prevalence of digit sucking and gingivitis, and the associa... more BACKGROUND: This study determined the prevalence of digit sucking and gingivitis, and the association between age, gender, socioeconomic status, presence of digit sucking habits, oral hygiene status and gingivitis among a group of Nigerian children.
METHODS: The data of 992 children 1 to 12 years recruited through a household survey conducted in Osun State, Nigeria was analyzed. Information on age, gender, and socioeconomic status and history of digit-sucking habits were collected. Children were assessed for oral hygiene status and the severity of gingivitis using the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified and the Gingival Index respectively. The predictors of presence of gingivitis and poor oral hygiene were determined using multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS: Twelve (2.7%) and 383 (78.3%) children aged 1-5 years had poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis respectively. Also, 11 (2.4%) and 432 (87.4) children aged 6-12 years had poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis respectively. The odds of having poor oral hygiene (AOR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.20-0.35; p <0.001) and gingivitis (AOR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.14 - 0.31; p<0.001) was significantly reduced for children aged 1-5 years. The odds of having gingivitis was increased in children with low socioeconomic status (AOR: 2.09; 9% CI: 1.32 - 3.31; p=0.002). There was no significant relationship between gender, digit sucking, oral hygiene status and presence of gingivitis.
CONCLUSIONS: Digit-sucking habit did not increase the chances of having poor oral hygiene and gingivitis. Increasing age and low socio-economic status were factors that significantly increased the chances of having poor oral hygiene and gingivitis.
Aim: To assess the oral health practices and knowledge of practicing dentists at a tertiary healt... more Aim: To assess the oral health practices and knowledge of practicing dentists at a tertiary health institution in Nigeria, and the possible association of age and sex with caries prevention practices.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted. All practicing dentists in the institution were eligible to participate in the study. A questionnaire that assessed oral health practices and knowledge was administered. Respondents were expected to select the most appropriate responses that reflected their knowledge of oral health practices and caries prevention practices. Questions included assessment of knowledge and practice of tooth brushing, flossing, refined carbohydrate intake, and dental service utilization. Participants’ responses were scored and dichotomized to poor and good knowledge, and poor and good practices, using the median scores. Bivariate analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with good and poor oral health practices, and good and poor knowledge.
Results: Fifty-two eligible study participants were accessible at the time of questionnaire administration. Only 46 respondents returned the filled questionnaire giving a response rate of 88.5%. The age of respondents ranged between 25 and 48 years. The majority of respondents had good oral health practices (65.2%) and good oral health knowledge (85%). However, few respondents had good caries prevention practices: 39.2% brushed at least twice daily, 45.7% took refined carbohydrate less than once daily, 36.9% used dental floss at least once daily, and 60.9% undertook preventive dental care. The correlation between the dentists’ oral health knowledge score and oral health practices score was insignificant (0.90; P = 0.55).
Conclusion: A large number of dentists practicing in the tertiary hospital had good oral health practices and good oral health knowledge. However, the proportion of dentists with good caries prevention practices was low.
Background: The study of dental anomalies is important because it generates information that is i... more Background: The study of dental anomalies is important because it generates information that is important for both the anthropological and clinical management of patients. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and pattern of presentation of dental hard-tissue developmental anomalies in the mix dentition of children residing in Ile-Ife, a suburban region of Nigeria. Methods: Information on age, sex and socioeconomic status was collected from 1,036 children aged four months to 12 years through a household survey. Clinical examination was conducted to assess the presence of dental anomalies. Associations between age, sex, socioeconomic status, prevalence, and pattern of presentation of the developmental hard-tissue dental anomalies were determined.
Aims To determine the association between use of recommended oral self-care (ROSC) caries prevent... more Aims To determine the association between use of recommended oral self-care (ROSC) caries prevention tools and presence of dental caries in children resident in suburban Nigeria. Methodology Secondary analysis was conducted for a dataset generated for 1-12 years old children recruited through a household survey. Information on use of ROSC caries prevention tools (brushing more than once a day, use of fluoridated toothpaste always, and eating sugary snacks between main meals less than once a day), use of oral health adjuncts (dental floss, mouth rinses, other tooth cleansing agents) and presence of caries were extracted. The odds of having caries when ROSC caries prevention tools were used singly or in combination, were determined using multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age and sex.
AIMS:
To determine the association between use of recommended oral self-care (ROSC) caries preven... more AIMS: To determine the association between use of recommended oral self-care (ROSC) caries prevention tools and presence of dental caries in children resident in suburban Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: Secondary analysis was conducted for a dataset generated for 1-12 years old children recruited through a household survey. Information on use of ROSC caries prevention tools (brushing more than once a day, use of fluoridated toothpaste always, and eating sugary snacks between main meals less than once a day), use of oral health adjuncts (dental floss, mouth rinses, other tooth cleansing agents) and presence of caries were extracted. The odds of having caries when ROSC caries prevention tools were used singly or in combination, were determined using multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS: The single or combined use of ROSC caries prevention tools had no statistically significant association with presence of caries. Brushing more than once a day reduced the odds of having caries while consumption of sugar between meals once a day or more increased the odds of having caries after adjusting for age and gender. The use of two ROSC caries prevention tools reduced the risk for caries (AOR 0.28; 95 % CI 0.05-1.53) when adjusted for age. The converse was observed when adjusted for gender (AOR 1.15; 95 % CI 0.38-3.45). The largest effect size was observed when sugary snacks were taken once a day or more between meals after adjusting for age (AOR 5.74; 95 % CI 0.34-96.11). CONCLUSION: The use of a combination of fluoridated toothpaste and twice-daily tooth brushing had the largest effect on reducing the chance for caries in children resident in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Non-nutritive sucking (NNS) is a common behavior in childhood. The association between digit suck... more Non-nutritive sucking (NNS) is a common behavior in childhood. The association between digit sucking, dental caries and oral health has been studied with inconclusive results. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of, and the association between digit sucking, caries and oral hygiene status of children age six months to 12 years, resident in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ife Central Local Government Area of Osun State. Data were collected through a household survey using a multi-stage sampling procedure from children between six months and 12 years. Details of each child&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s socio-demographic characteristics, digit sucking habits, caries status and oral health status were collected. The association between digit sucking, caries status and oral hygiene status was determined using Chi square and Logistic regression. The mean age of the 992 study participants was 5.8 ± (3.2) years. The prevalence of digit sucking, caries and poor oral hygiene were 7.2%, 10.5% and 2.4% respectively. The mean dmft score was 0.22 ± (0.80), mean DMFT score was 0.04 ± (0.30) while mean Oral Hygiene Index score was 1.27 ± (0.73). Digit sucking increased the odds of having caries (OR: 1.28; CI: 0.58-2.81) but decreased the odds of having poor oral hygiene (OR: 0.58; CI: 0.34-1.01) insignificantly. Digit sucking was not a significant predictor of caries and oral hygiene status, although the odds of having caries increased while the odds of having poor oral hygiene decreased with digit sucking.
Background: Molar Incisor Hypoplasia (MIH) and Deciduous Molar Hypoplasia (DMH) have significant ... more Background: Molar Incisor Hypoplasia (MIH) and Deciduous Molar Hypoplasia (DMH) have significant impact on the quality of life of affected individuals. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence, pattern and clinical presentation of MIH and DMH in children resident in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, and their association with sex and socioeconomic status of the children. Methods: Information on age, sex and socioeconomic status was collected from 563 children aged 3 to 5 years and 8 to 10 years using a structured questionnaire through a household survey. Clinical examination was conducted to assess for the presence of DMH and MIH. The prevalence of DMH and MIH were determined. Tests of association between sex, socioeconomic status, prevalence, and pattern of presentation of both DMH and MIH were conducted using Pearson's Chi-squared test Fisher's exact test. Result: Fifteen (4.6 %) of the 327 children aged 3 to 5 years and 23 (9.7 %) of the 237 children aged 8 to 10 years had DMH and MIH respectively. There were no significant association between DMH, sex (p = 0.49) and socioeconomic status (p = 0.32). There were also no significant association between MIH, sex (p = 0.31) and socioeconomic status (p = 0.41). MIH/DMH co-morbidity was observed in eight (34.8 %) of the 23 children with MIH. The mandible and maxilla were affected equally. Antimere was not observed. Conclusion: The prevalence of DMH and the prevalence of MIH in the study population were high. DMH and MIH were not associated with sex and socioeconomic status. There was no specific pattern identified in the presentation of DMH and MIH. The prevalence of DMH/MIH co-morbidity is also high. Patients with DMH should be screened for MIH.
Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is defined as the presence of caries lesion in an primary tooth in c... more Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is defined as the presence of caries lesion in an primary tooth in children below the age of 71 months. It is a significant public health problem with consequences for the growth and development of affected children. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and ECC risk indicators in a suburban population in Nigeria. The data of 497 children aged 6 months to 71 months who were recruited through a household survey conducted in Ile-Ife, Nigeria was analysed for prevalence of ECC and risk indicators. Information on children&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s ages, sex, socioeconomic status, tooth brushing habits, sugary snacks consumption, use of fluoridated toothpaste, birth rank, infant-feeding practices, breastfeeding practices, maternal age at childbirth, and maternal knowledge of oral health was obtained. Children&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s oral hygiene and caries status was also determined. Risk factors associated with ECC were determined using logistic regression analysis. Thirty-three (6.6%) children had ECC. Four (0.8%) had severe ECC. The four risk indicators for ECC were the child&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s gender, mothers&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; knowledge of oral health, consumption of sugary snacks in between meals more than three times a day, and the child&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s oral hygiene status. Females (PR: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.01- -0.01; p = 0.02), and children with mothers who had good knowledge of oral health (PR: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.11--0.008; p = 0.02) were less likely to have ECC. Children who consumed sugary snacks in between meals three times a day or more (PR: 0.05; CI: 0.003 - 0.01; P = 0.04) and children with fair oral hygiene (PR: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.005-0.10; p = 0.03) were more likely to have ECC. The prevalence of ECC in the study population was low. Promoting good oral hygiene practices and enhancing mothers&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; knowledge of oral health may help reduce further, the risk for ECC in the study population.
Background: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of oral co-morbidities in 8 to 16 years o... more Background: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of oral co-morbidities in 8 to 16 years old children with Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and compare this with the prevalence of same oral lesions in children without MIH. Method: Study participants were selected through a multi-staged sampling technique. The children were asked if they had dentine hypersensitivity or any concerns about their aesthetics. Children were examined for MIH, caries, traumatic dental injury and their oral hygiene status. The association between MIH and each of the independent variables was determined.
The objectives of this study were to assess the association between children and parents' kno... more The objectives of this study were to assess the association between children and parents' knowledge of caries preventive practices, the parents' caries preventive oral health behaviours and children's caries preventive oral health behaviour and caries experience. Three hundred and twenty four participants aged 8-12 years, 308 fathers and 318 mothers were recruited through a household survey conducted in Suburban Nigeria. A questionnaire was administered to generate information on fathers, mothers and children's knowledge of caries prevention measures and their oral health behaviour. Clinical examination was conducted on the children to determine their dmft/DMFT. Analysis was conducted to determine the predictors of the children's good oral health behaviour. The mothers' oral health behaviours were significant predictors of the children's oral health behaviours. Children who had good knowledge of caries prevention measures had significant increased odds of...
Background: The study of dental anomalies is important because it generates information that is i... more Background: The study of dental anomalies is important because it generates information that is important for both the anthropological and clinical management of patients. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and pattern of presentation of dental hard-tissue developmental anomalies in the mix dentition of children residing in Ile-Ife, a suburban region of Nigeria. Methods: Information on age, sex and socioeconomic status was collected from 1,036 children aged four months to 12 years through a household survey. Clinical examination was conducted to assess the presence of dental anomalies. Associations between age, sex, socioeconomic status, prevalence, and pattern of presentation of the developmental hard-tissue dental anomalies were determined.
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Papers by Titus Oyedele
disease process, usually of odontogenic origin. The outcome of the management
of these conditions is to a large extent affected by the duration of the disease and
extent of spread prior to presentation in the hospital. Mediastinitis, pleuritis,
cerebral abscess and meningitis are documented complications secondary to
spreading odontogenic infections. Odontogenic infections should therefore, be
handled as an urgency to prevent acute emergency situations. Methods: We
present two cases of severe orofacial infections that were seen and managed at
our center. Findings: Apart from the advanced age of the case 2, there was no
systemic co-morbidity that usually predispose to severe orofacial infection, and
while normal oral flora was found in case 1, microscopy culture and sensitivity did
not yield any growth in case 2. Successful management of the two cases was,
however, achieved with aggressive serial surgical debridement. Conclusion:
successful management of these patients through serial surgical debridement
further lends credence to the importance of less dependence on waiting to know
the microbiology and its potentially harmful sensitive medications in the
management of severe orofacial infections.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving 8- to 10- year-old children in schooling in suburban Nigeria. Information was collected on the child's age, sex and socioeconomic status. Intraoral examination was conducted to determine the presence of HSPM, MIH, caries and the oral hygiene status of study participants. The severity of HSPM was also determined. The prevalence of HSPM, the association between HSPM, sex and socioeconomic status of study participants, the difference in the prevalence of caries and poor oral hygiene in children with and without HSPM, and the prevalence of HSPM and MIH co-morbidity were determined.
Results: Twenty seven of the 469 children examined (5.8 %) had HSPM. The tooth prevalence of HSPM was 3.9 %. There was no significant sex (p = 0.06), age (p = 0.41), and socioeconomic status (p = 0.67) differences between children with HSPM and without HSPM. More children with HSPM had caries (p ≤ 0.001) and poor oral hygiene (p = 0.01). Children with HSPM have increased odds having dental caries (AOR: 6.34; CI: 2.78–14.46; p = <0.001) and reduced odds of having good oral hygiene (AOR: 0.32; CI: 0.13–0.78; p = 0.01) when compare with children without HSPM. Also 77.8 % of children with HSPM also had MIH.
Conclusion: The prevalence of HSPM in the study population is significantly high. The large number of children with HSPM and MIH also suggests that HSPM is a predisposing factor for MIH. The significantly higher proportion of children with HSPM who had caries and poor oral hygiene makes it imperative to institute screening programmes for HSPM/MIH in the study population.
This study determined the prevalence of digit sucking and gingivitis, and the association between age, gender, socioeconomic status, presence of digit sucking habits, oral hygiene status and gingivitis among a group of Nigerian children.
METHODS:
The data of 992 children 1 to 12 years recruited through a household survey conducted in Osun State, Nigeria was analyzed. Information on age, gender, and socioeconomic status and history of digit-sucking habits were collected. Children were assessed for oral hygiene status and the severity of gingivitis using the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified and the Gingival Index respectively. The predictors of presence of gingivitis and poor oral hygiene were determined using multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS:
Twelve (2.7%) and 383 (78.3%) children aged 1-5 years had poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis respectively. Also, 11 (2.4%) and 432 (87.4) children aged 6-12 years had poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis respectively. The odds of having poor oral hygiene (AOR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.20-0.35; p <0.001) and gingivitis (AOR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.14 - 0.31; p<0.001) was significantly reduced for children aged 1-5 years. The odds of having gingivitis was increased in children with low socioeconomic status (AOR: 2.09; 9% CI: 1.32 - 3.31; p=0.002). There was no significant relationship between gender, digit sucking, oral hygiene status and presence of gingivitis.
CONCLUSIONS:
Digit-sucking habit did not increase the chances of having poor oral hygiene and gingivitis. Increasing age and low socio-economic status were factors that significantly increased the chances of having poor oral hygiene and gingivitis.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted. All practicing dentists in the institution were eligible to participate in the study. A questionnaire that assessed oral health practices
and knowledge was administered. Respondents were expected to select the most appropriate responses that reflected their knowledge of oral health practices and caries prevention practices. Questions included assessment of knowledge and practice of tooth brushing, flossing, refined carbohydrate intake, and dental service utilization. Participants’ responses were scored and dichotomized to poor and good knowledge, and poor and good practices, using the median scores. Bivariate analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with good and poor oral health practices, and good and poor knowledge.
Results: Fifty-two eligible study participants were accessible at the time of questionnaire administration. Only 46 respondents returned the filled questionnaire giving a response rate of
88.5%. The age of respondents ranged between 25 and 48 years. The majority of respondents had good oral health practices (65.2%) and good oral health knowledge (85%). However, few respondents had good caries prevention practices: 39.2% brushed at least twice daily, 45.7% took refined carbohydrate less than once daily, 36.9% used dental floss at least once daily, and 60.9% undertook preventive dental care. The correlation between the dentists’ oral health knowledge score and oral health practices score was insignificant (0.90; P = 0.55).
Conclusion: A large number of dentists practicing in the tertiary hospital had good oral health practices and good oral health knowledge. However, the proportion of dentists with good caries
prevention practices was low.
To determine the association between use of recommended oral self-care (ROSC) caries prevention tools and presence of dental caries in children resident in suburban Nigeria.
METHODOLOGY:
Secondary analysis was conducted for a dataset generated for 1-12 years old children recruited through a household survey. Information on use of ROSC caries prevention tools (brushing more than once a day, use of fluoridated toothpaste always, and eating sugary snacks between main meals less than once a day), use of oral health adjuncts (dental floss, mouth rinses, other tooth cleansing agents) and presence of caries were extracted. The odds of having caries when ROSC caries prevention tools were used singly or in combination, were determined using multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age and sex.
RESULTS:
The single or combined use of ROSC caries prevention tools had no statistically significant association with presence of caries. Brushing more than once a day reduced the odds of having caries while consumption of sugar between meals once a day or more increased the odds of having caries after adjusting for age and gender. The use of two ROSC caries prevention tools reduced the risk for caries (AOR 0.28; 95 % CI 0.05-1.53) when adjusted for age. The converse was observed when adjusted for gender (AOR 1.15; 95 % CI 0.38-3.45). The largest effect size was observed when sugary snacks were taken once a day or more between meals after adjusting for age (AOR 5.74; 95 % CI 0.34-96.11).
CONCLUSION:
The use of a combination of fluoridated toothpaste and twice-daily tooth brushing had the largest effect on reducing the chance for caries in children resident in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
disease process, usually of odontogenic origin. The outcome of the management
of these conditions is to a large extent affected by the duration of the disease and
extent of spread prior to presentation in the hospital. Mediastinitis, pleuritis,
cerebral abscess and meningitis are documented complications secondary to
spreading odontogenic infections. Odontogenic infections should therefore, be
handled as an urgency to prevent acute emergency situations. Methods: We
present two cases of severe orofacial infections that were seen and managed at
our center. Findings: Apart from the advanced age of the case 2, there was no
systemic co-morbidity that usually predispose to severe orofacial infection, and
while normal oral flora was found in case 1, microscopy culture and sensitivity did
not yield any growth in case 2. Successful management of the two cases was,
however, achieved with aggressive serial surgical debridement. Conclusion:
successful management of these patients through serial surgical debridement
further lends credence to the importance of less dependence on waiting to know
the microbiology and its potentially harmful sensitive medications in the
management of severe orofacial infections.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving 8- to 10- year-old children in schooling in suburban Nigeria. Information was collected on the child's age, sex and socioeconomic status. Intraoral examination was conducted to determine the presence of HSPM, MIH, caries and the oral hygiene status of study participants. The severity of HSPM was also determined. The prevalence of HSPM, the association between HSPM, sex and socioeconomic status of study participants, the difference in the prevalence of caries and poor oral hygiene in children with and without HSPM, and the prevalence of HSPM and MIH co-morbidity were determined.
Results: Twenty seven of the 469 children examined (5.8 %) had HSPM. The tooth prevalence of HSPM was 3.9 %. There was no significant sex (p = 0.06), age (p = 0.41), and socioeconomic status (p = 0.67) differences between children with HSPM and without HSPM. More children with HSPM had caries (p ≤ 0.001) and poor oral hygiene (p = 0.01). Children with HSPM have increased odds having dental caries (AOR: 6.34; CI: 2.78–14.46; p = <0.001) and reduced odds of having good oral hygiene (AOR: 0.32; CI: 0.13–0.78; p = 0.01) when compare with children without HSPM. Also 77.8 % of children with HSPM also had MIH.
Conclusion: The prevalence of HSPM in the study population is significantly high. The large number of children with HSPM and MIH also suggests that HSPM is a predisposing factor for MIH. The significantly higher proportion of children with HSPM who had caries and poor oral hygiene makes it imperative to institute screening programmes for HSPM/MIH in the study population.
This study determined the prevalence of digit sucking and gingivitis, and the association between age, gender, socioeconomic status, presence of digit sucking habits, oral hygiene status and gingivitis among a group of Nigerian children.
METHODS:
The data of 992 children 1 to 12 years recruited through a household survey conducted in Osun State, Nigeria was analyzed. Information on age, gender, and socioeconomic status and history of digit-sucking habits were collected. Children were assessed for oral hygiene status and the severity of gingivitis using the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified and the Gingival Index respectively. The predictors of presence of gingivitis and poor oral hygiene were determined using multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS:
Twelve (2.7%) and 383 (78.3%) children aged 1-5 years had poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis respectively. Also, 11 (2.4%) and 432 (87.4) children aged 6-12 years had poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis respectively. The odds of having poor oral hygiene (AOR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.20-0.35; p <0.001) and gingivitis (AOR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.14 - 0.31; p<0.001) was significantly reduced for children aged 1-5 years. The odds of having gingivitis was increased in children with low socioeconomic status (AOR: 2.09; 9% CI: 1.32 - 3.31; p=0.002). There was no significant relationship between gender, digit sucking, oral hygiene status and presence of gingivitis.
CONCLUSIONS:
Digit-sucking habit did not increase the chances of having poor oral hygiene and gingivitis. Increasing age and low socio-economic status were factors that significantly increased the chances of having poor oral hygiene and gingivitis.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted. All practicing dentists in the institution were eligible to participate in the study. A questionnaire that assessed oral health practices
and knowledge was administered. Respondents were expected to select the most appropriate responses that reflected their knowledge of oral health practices and caries prevention practices. Questions included assessment of knowledge and practice of tooth brushing, flossing, refined carbohydrate intake, and dental service utilization. Participants’ responses were scored and dichotomized to poor and good knowledge, and poor and good practices, using the median scores. Bivariate analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with good and poor oral health practices, and good and poor knowledge.
Results: Fifty-two eligible study participants were accessible at the time of questionnaire administration. Only 46 respondents returned the filled questionnaire giving a response rate of
88.5%. The age of respondents ranged between 25 and 48 years. The majority of respondents had good oral health practices (65.2%) and good oral health knowledge (85%). However, few respondents had good caries prevention practices: 39.2% brushed at least twice daily, 45.7% took refined carbohydrate less than once daily, 36.9% used dental floss at least once daily, and 60.9% undertook preventive dental care. The correlation between the dentists’ oral health knowledge score and oral health practices score was insignificant (0.90; P = 0.55).
Conclusion: A large number of dentists practicing in the tertiary hospital had good oral health practices and good oral health knowledge. However, the proportion of dentists with good caries
prevention practices was low.
To determine the association between use of recommended oral self-care (ROSC) caries prevention tools and presence of dental caries in children resident in suburban Nigeria.
METHODOLOGY:
Secondary analysis was conducted for a dataset generated for 1-12 years old children recruited through a household survey. Information on use of ROSC caries prevention tools (brushing more than once a day, use of fluoridated toothpaste always, and eating sugary snacks between main meals less than once a day), use of oral health adjuncts (dental floss, mouth rinses, other tooth cleansing agents) and presence of caries were extracted. The odds of having caries when ROSC caries prevention tools were used singly or in combination, were determined using multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age and sex.
RESULTS:
The single or combined use of ROSC caries prevention tools had no statistically significant association with presence of caries. Brushing more than once a day reduced the odds of having caries while consumption of sugar between meals once a day or more increased the odds of having caries after adjusting for age and gender. The use of two ROSC caries prevention tools reduced the risk for caries (AOR 0.28; 95 % CI 0.05-1.53) when adjusted for age. The converse was observed when adjusted for gender (AOR 1.15; 95 % CI 0.38-3.45). The largest effect size was observed when sugary snacks were taken once a day or more between meals after adjusting for age (AOR 5.74; 95 % CI 0.34-96.11).
CONCLUSION:
The use of a combination of fluoridated toothpaste and twice-daily tooth brushing had the largest effect on reducing the chance for caries in children resident in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.