MBA

Rationale: The rationale is to realize the value of Nishkama Karma as a motivational strategy in empowering individuals and organizations to derive meaning and purpose in workplace and celebrate their full potential and think beyond profit margins. A comparative study of Ancient Indian style of motivation mentioned in Bhagavat Gita and Western theories of motivation like Operant Conditioning and expectancy theories has been attempted. Objective: The objective of the study is to establish the value of Nishkama Karma as a deciding factor in realizing Organizational Excellence and enhancing personal competencies at workplace. The problems faced by today's organizations and the workforce due to high stress and increasing complexities at the work place with the recommended solution as Nishkama Karma as a stress management strategy is also highlighted in this work. Research Methodology: This paper is based on hermeneutics, a qualitative research methodology which involves study, understanding and interpretation of ancient or classical text. The Bhagavad-Gita is more than 5,000 years old and is written in Sanskrit language and selected verses have been re-interpreted to drive home the connection of ancient Indian motivation. Research Limitations: The Research is limited to the concept of Nishkama Karma and western theories of motivation like Operant Conditioning and expectancy theories only. Research Implications: The concept of Nishkama Karma can be extensively applied for talent acquisition, employee development, succession planning, leadership development etc. The concept of Nishkama Karma is getting popularity among corporate intelligentsia and the research will foster a renewed interest in wisdom of ancient India.Findings: Nishkama Karma provides an intrinsic approach to human capital development that moulds competencies which foster Organizational Citizenship Behavior and personal excellence. It strengthens organizations to manage the turbulence of changing business environment and stay focused as a learning organization.

It would seem logical that in a perfect world, a corporation’s espoused values would match its enacted values, This match of two sets of values is also known as ‘value congruence’, a situation where the organizational values are in tune with the employees’ values. However, there are many ways by which an organization can create a tension between its espoused and practiced values. The two main reasons relate to how it conducts its business and how it treats its employees. It was observed from the Espoused Value Analysis survey that only 40 per cent of the respondents perceive the employees in their organization are aware of the vision, mission and values. The findings also suggest that when behavioural integrity is boosted, then commitment to the espoused values of the organization is enhanced. Hence, it is inferred that there is significant gap between espoused and enacted values within the sample organizations chosen for the study. Despite this lack of awareness in values, 61 per c...

During the past decades there has been a tremendous progression in the volume of social organizations in India. The progression is in fact a reflection of a change in the government policies for withdrawing slowly from social development schemes. This huge void is being covered by social organizations. A social organization can be 'for-profit' or 'not-for-profit' venture focused in income-generating activities with an intention of bringing a positive impact in the society. Though social organizations focus on the progression of the society, they encounter a plethora of issues in relation to the right engagement of human resources within their organizations. It is also a fact that social organizations consistently juggle with serious people management issues such as attracting the right talent at low salary structure, providing career opportunities for internal employees, retaining talent in the middle management cadre, effective employee engagement, etc, handling cas...

This paper gives an overview of how the Generation Y employees are different from other Generation employees at the work place. There are some unprecedented capabilities in today's leader, demanded by the changing young work force. This paper gives us an insight regarding what techniques and methodologies a manager should employ in order to understand this generation and it also suggests the type of motivational leadership qualities a manager should have.

Sustainable Urban Mobility is one of the priority issues of current times not only across the globe but also in the global south. Because of having a lot of social, economic, environmental challenges and degradation of human health, and loss of life, sustainable urban mobility has been considered as one of the latest and sustainable solutions for the issues. Different initiatives are being taken through series of policy initiatives, but the real implementation has not yet been commenced. One of the key challenges of this gap is an absence of in-depth knowledge, sufficient policy supporting documents, priority, and capacity of stakeholders. This research synthesized the global practices of conditions to promote sustainable urban mobility along with lessons and challenges and contextualized them for Kathmandu Valley. This research emphasized that policies and institutions must be supported by adequate resources, capacities, and conducive conditions to harness potentials through a shared vision and functional collaboration to foster sustainable mobility practices. There is an ever-increasing necessity of continued and collaborative engagement of different stakeholders to practice, learn and improve the future condition not only keeping the people's mobility needs, rights, and choices at the center but also balancing social, economic, and environmental dimensions leading to sustainability.

We present high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy studies of trivalent CeB6 and divalent BaB6 rare-earth hexaborides. We find that the Fermi surface electronic structure of CeB6 consists of large oval-shape pockets around the X points of the Brillouin zone, while the states around the zone centre Γ point are strongly renormalized. Our first-principles calculations agree with data around the X points, but not at the Γ points, indicating areas of strong renormalization located around Γ. The Ce quasi-particle states participate in formation of hotspots at the Fermi surface, while the incoherent f states hybridize and lead to the emergence of dispersive features absent in non-f counterpart BaB6. These experimental and theoretical results provide a new understanding of rare-earth hexaboride materials.

Recently, noncentrosymmetric superconductor BiPd has attracted considerable research interest due to the possibility of being a topological superconductor. Here, we report a systematic high-resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) study of the normal state electronic properties of BiPd. Our experimental results show the presence of a surface state at higher binding energy with the location of Dirac point at around 700 meV below the Fermi level. The detailed photon energy and temperature dependent measurements complemented by our first-principles calculations provide further evidence for the presence of the topological surface state at high binding energy. The absence of topological surface states near the Fermi level negates the possibility of the topological superconducting behavior in the surface of this material. Our first direct experimental discovery of a topological surface state in BiPd provides novel information that will guide the future search for topol...

We report the evolution of the surface electronic structure and surface material properties of a topological crystalline insulator (TCI) Pb1−xSnxSe as a function of various material parameters including composition x, temperature T and crystal structure. Our spectroscopic data demonstrate the electronic groundstate condition for the saddle point singularity, the tunability of surface chemical potential, and the surface states' response to circularly polarized light. Our results show that each material parameter can tune the system between trivial and topological phase in a distinct way unlike as seen in Bi2Se3 and related compounds, leading to a rich and unique topological phase diagram. Our systematic studies of the TCI Pb1−xSnxSe are valuable materials guide to realize new topological phenomena.

Topological superconductors host new states of quantum matter which show a pairing gap in the bulk and gapless surface states providing a platform to realize Majorana fermions. Recently, alkaline-earth metal Sr intercalated Bi2Se3 has been reported to show superconductivity with a Tc ~ 3 K and a large shielding fraction. Here we report systematic normal state electronic structure studies of Sr0.06Bi2Se3 (Tc ~ 2.5 K) by performing photoemission spectroscopy. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we observe a quantum well confined two-dimensional (2D) state coexisting with a topological surface state in Sr0.06Bi2Se3. Furthermore, our time-resolved ARPES reveals the relaxation dynamics showing different decay mechanism between the excited topological surface states and the two-dimensional states. Our experimental observation is understood by considering the intra-band scattering for topological surface states and an additional electron phonon scattering for the 2D st...

The search of new topological phases of matter is one of the new directions in condensed matter physics. Recent experimental realizations of Dirac semimetal phases pave the way to look for other exotic phases of matter in real materials. Here we present a systematic angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) study of NdSb, a potential candidate for hosting a Dirac semi-metal phase. Our studies reveal two hole-like Fermi surface pockets present at the zone center ([Formula: see text]) point as well as two elliptical electron-pockets present in the zone corner (X) point of the Brillouin zone (BZ). Interestingly, Dirac-like linearly dispersive states are observed about the zone corner (X) point in NdSb. Our first-principles calculations agree with the experimentally observed bands at the [Formula: see text] point. Moreover, the Dirac-like state observed in NdSb may be a novel correlated state, not yet predicted in calculations. Our study opens a new direction to look for Dirac s...

Unveiling new topological phases of matter is one of the current objectives in condensed matter physics. Recent experimental discoveries of Dirac and Weyl semimetals prompt to search for other exotic phases of matter. Here we present a systematic angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) study of ZrSiS, a prime topological nodal semimetal candidate. Our wider Brillouin zone (BZ) mapping shows multiple Fermi surface pockets such as the diamond-shaped Fermi surface, elliptical-shaped Fermi surface, and a small electron pocket encircling at the zone center (Γ) point, the M point and the X point of the BZ, respectively. We experimentally establish the spinless nodal fermion semimetal phase in ZrSiS, which is supported by our first-principles calculations. Our findings evidence that the ZrSiS-type of material family is a new platform to explore exotic states of quantum matter, while these materials are expected to provide an avenue for engineering two-dimensional topological insulator systems.

Recently, noncentrosymmetric superconductor BiPd has attracted considerable research interest due to the possibility of hosting topological superconductivity. Here we report a systematic high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and spin-resolved ARPES study of the normal state electronic and spin properties of BiPd. Our experimental results show the presence of a surface state at higher-binding energy with the location of Dirac point at around 700 meV below the Fermi level. The detailed photon energy, temperature-dependent and spin-resolved ARPES measurements complemented by our first-principles calculations demonstrate the existence of the spin-polarized surface states at high-binding energy. The absence of such spin-polarized surface states near the Fermi level negates the possibility of a topological superconducting behaviour on the surface. Our direct experimental observation of spin-polarized surface states in BiPd provides critical information that will guide the future search for topological superconductivity in noncentrosymmetric materials.

Among the quantum materials that have recently gained interest are the topological insulators, wherein symmetry-protected surface states cross in reciprocal space, and the Dirac nodal-line semimetals, where bulk bands touch along a line in k-space. However, the existence of multiple fermion phases in a single material has not been verified yet. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and first-principles electronic structure calculations, we systematically study the metallic material HfTeP and discover properties, which are unique in a single topological quantum material. We experimentally observe weak topological insulator surface states and our calculations suggest additional strong topological insulator surface states. Our first-principles calculations reveal a one-dimensional Dirac crossing-the surface Dirac-node arc-along a high-symmetry direction which is confirmed by our ARPES measurements. This novel state originates from the surface bands of a weak topologic...

Topological Dirac semimetals with accidental band touching between conduction and valence bands protected by time reversal and inversion symmetry are at the frontier of modern condensed matter research. A majority of discovered topological semimetals are nonmagnetic and conserve time reversal symmetry. Here we report the experimental discovery of an antiferromagnetic topological nodal-line semimetallic state in GdSbTe using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Our systematic study reveals the detailed electronic structure of the paramagnetic state of antiferromagnetic GdSbTe. We observe the presence of multiple Fermi surface pockets including a diamond-shape, and small circular pockets around the zone center and high symmetry X points of the Brillouin zone (BZ), respectively. Furthermore, we observe the presence of a Dirac-like state at the X point of the BZ and the effect of magnetism along the nodal-line direction. Interestingly, our experimental data show a robust Dirac-like state both below and above the magnetic transition temperature (T N = 13 K). Having a relatively high transition temperature, GdSbTe provides an archetypical platform to study the interaction between magnetism and topological states of matter.

The experimental discovery of the topological Dirac semimetal establishes a platform to search for various exotic quantum phases in real materials. ZrSiS-type materials have recently emerged as topological nodal-line semimetals where gapped Dirac-like surface states are observed. Here, we present a systematic angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) study of ZrGeTe, a nonsymmorphic symmetry protected Dirac semimetal. We observe two Dirac-like gapless surface states at the sameX point of the Brillouin zone. Our theoretical analysis and first-principles calculations reveal that these are protected by crystalline symmetry. Hence, ZrGeTe appears as a rare example of a naturally fine tuned system where the interplay between symmorphic and non-symmorphic symmetry leads to rich phenomenology, and thus opens for opportunities to investigate the physics of Dirac semimetallic and topological insulating phases realized in a single material.

Characterizing and controlling electronic properties of quantum materials require direct measurements of non-equilibrium electronic band structures over large regions of momentum space. Here, we demonstrate an experimental apparatus for time-and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy using high-order harmonic probe pulses generated by a robust, moderately high power (20 W) Yb:KGW amplifier with tunable repetition rate between 50 and 150 kHz. By driving high-order harmonic generation (HHG) with the second harmonic of the fundamental 1025 nm laser pulses, we show that single-harmonic probe pulses at 21.8 eV photon energy can be effectively isolated without the use of a monochromator. The on-target photon flux can reach 5 × 10 10 photons/second at 50 kHz, and the time resolution is measured to be 320 fs. The relatively long pulse duration of the Yb-driven HHG source allows us to reach an excellent energy resolution of 21.5 meV, which is achieved by suppressing the space-charge broadening using a low photon flux of 1.5 × 10 8 photons/second at a higher repetition rate of 150 kHz. The capabilities of the setup are demonstrated through measurements in the topological semimetal ZrSiS and the topological insulator Sb 2−x Gd x Te 3 .

The topological nodal-line semimetal (TNS) is a unique class of materials with a one dimensional line node accompanied by a nearly dispersionless two-dimensional surface state. However, a direct observation of the so called drumhead surface state within current nodal-line materials is still elusive. Here, using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) along with first-principles calculations, we report the observation of a topological nodal-loop (TNL) in SrAs3, whereas CaAs3 exhibits a topologically trivial state. Our data reveal that surface projections of the bulk nodal-points are connected by clear drumhead surface states in SrAs3. Furthermore, our magneto-transport and magnetization data clearly suggest the presence (absence) of surface states in SrAs3 (CaAs3). Notably, the observed topological states in SrAs3 are well separated from other bands in the vicinity of the Fermi level. RAs3 where R = Ca, Sr, thus, offers a unique opportunity to realize an arc...