MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

The Internal Combustion Engine has been a primary power source for automobiles over the past century. Presently, high fuel costs and concerns about depletion of the available natural resources have resulted in increasingly complex engine designs to decrease fuel consumption. A concrete and serious effort has being laid down in order to find the best ways of using the deployable sources of energy in to useful work in order to reduce the rate of consumption of fossil fuel as well as pollution. The objective of this research paper is all about to develop better understanding of the performance characteristics of the engine with Inlet Air Preheater and to increase engine performance by recovering the heat from the exhaust gases in order to provide a better fuel economy. And also this preheating of the air will result in better vaporization of the fuel inside the carburetor (In case of SI engines) which results in better combustion of the fuel and thereby reduce the harmful emissions of the carbon monoxides in to the atmosphere. I.

This paper offers motivations for an electromagnetic active suspension system that provides both additional stability and maneuverability by performing active roll and pitch control during cornering and braking, as well as eliminating road irregularities, hence increasing both vehicle and passenger safety and drive comfort. Various technologies are compared with the proposed electromagnetic suspension system that uses a tubular permanent-magnet actuator (TPMA) with a passive spring. Based on on-road measurements and results from the literature, several specifications for the design of an electromagnetic suspension system are derived. The measured on-road movement of the passive suspension system is reproduced by electromagnetic actuation on a quarter car setup, proving the dynamic capabilities of an electromagnetic suspension system. Index Terms-Active suspension, permanent magnet (PM), tubular actuator.

Dynamic behaviour of rail car body under operating conditions is a vital aspect for the railway coach maintenance department in identifying the effect of various surface and track irregularities. Harmonic and PSD response spectrum analyses of an Indian railway RCF bogie have been carried out using FE analysis in this paper. Major components of the RCF bogie are modelled using UNIGRAPHICSNX7.5 and have been translated into parasolid format, which is imported in ANSYS 12.1 finite element analysis package. Entire bogie is discretised using Solid92 tetrahedral elements. The primary and secondary suspension systems are modelled as Combination14 elements in ANSYS. Modal analysis is carried out to extract first few natural modes of vibration of the bogie. In harmonic analysis, sinusoidal excitation is fed as input to bottom wheel points to analyse the response of the bogie in terms of displacement at different salient locations. Vertical irregularities considered as a random function of time in the form of PSD have been given as base excitation input and the response spectrum analysis is carried out to identify the response in terms of PSD.

Thermal conductivity and stability of hybrid nanofluid containing Al 2 O 3 and MWCNT nanoparticles (90:10 weight% or 87:13 volume%) in the base fluid of Water and Ethylene Glycol (EG) mixture (80:20 volume%) had been experimentally investigated. Nanofluid was prepared using the two-step method, i.e., by dispersion the nanoparticles into base fluid using ultra-sonication. The stability of nanofluids was determined by UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy by measuring maximum absorbance (along with the corresponding wavelength) for all samples. CTAB surfactant of 1/10th weight of nanoparticle was used to prevent agglomeration. The nanofluid absorbance was observed after 1, 10, 20 and 30 days of storage. Nanofluid having a concentration of 0.028%, was found to be stable up to 20 days. Higher concentrations or longer duration made the nanofluid unstable within 20 days. Thermal conductivity measurements were conducted in the temperature range T = 25 C-50 C (6 levels) and volume concentration = 0.004%-0.028% (8 levels). Scherrer's equation was applied to XRD data to compute the average crystalline size of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles as 43 nm. FESEM showed good morphology of nanoparticles. EDX stoichiometric analysis confirmed that the nanofluid contained only Al, O, C elements. Experimental results showed that thermal conductivity increases with an increase in volume concentration and temperature. Maximum thermal conductivity of 0.5416 W/mK (8.47% increase over base fluid) was observed at T = 50 C and = 0.028%. Maxwell, Weber, Hashin-Shtrikman, Bruggeman's theoretical models and their experimental data showed a significant deviation. Hence regression equations that are suitable for these data were developed for better prediction purposes.

The failure of tractor components and their replacement has now become very common in India because of re-cycling, re-sale, and duplication. To over come the problem of failure we propose a design methodology for topological change co-simulating with software's. In the proposed Design methodology, the designer checks P axial , P cr , P failue , s by hand calculations, from which refined topological changes of R.S.Arm are formed. We explained several techniques employed in the component for reduction, removal of rib material to change center of gravity and centroid point by using system C for mixed level simulation and faster topological changes. The design process in system C can be compiled and executed with software, TURBO C7. The modified component is developed in proE and analyzed in ANSYS. The topologically changed component with slot 120 9 4.75 9 32.5 mm at the center showed greater effectiveness than the original component.

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Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites (Mg MMC) have been the focus of consideration by many researchers for the past few years. Many applications of Mg MMCs were evolved in less span of time in the automotive and aerospace sector to capture the benefit of high strength to weight ratio along with improved corrosion resistance. However, the performance of these materials in critical conditions is significantly influenced by several factors including the fabrication methods used for processing the composites. Most of the papers addressed all the manufacturing strategies of Mg MMC but no paper was recognized as a dedicated source for magnesium composites prepared through stir casting process. Since stir casting is the least expensive and most common process in the preparation of composites, this paper reviews particulate based Mg MMCs fabricated with stir casting technology. AZ91 series alloys are considered as the matrix material while the effect of different particle reinforcements, sizes...

In this book, referred articles for the authors publications on Rapid Prototyping are taken from wos data base (2015-2023). Referred articles are the articles which are published by citing the author publications. Results enhanced from 47 sums of times cite. “Rapid Prototyping” is the research area for the 47 cites and impact on the world countries. Finally the paper showed the authors research impact on the exact world countries.

The soil composition and other sediment characteristics like pH, organic carbon, phosphates and nitrogen were estimated in the shrimp culture ponds of Karapa, Kogodu and Atchutapuratrayam villages of East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh were studied. The soil pH ranged from 6 to 7 at Atchutapuratrayam ponds and 6.5 to 7.5 at those of Karapa and Kogodu villages. The percentage of sand, silt and clay varied from 24 to 31%; 28 to 40% and clay 30 to 50% respectively. The percentage of organic carbon was low (0.5-1.0%) at Kogodu and Atchutapuratrayam ponds and high (1.5-2.0%) in ponds of Karapa. Phosphates ranged from 1 mg/l (Atchutapuratrayam village) to 4 mg/l (Karapa village and Kogodu village). Nitrogen levels varied from 37.0 mg/l (Atchutapuratrayam village) to 113.8mg/l (Karapa village).

Certificate This is to certify that the thesis titled "Study of damping in layered and welded beams" being submitted to the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela (India) by Mr. Bhagat Singh for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Mechanical Engineering) is a record of bonafide research work carried out by him under my supervision and guidance. Mr. Singh has worked for more than three years on the above problem and the work has reached the standard fulfilling the requirements and regulations for the degree.