Papers by Mona Azarnoush
Regenerating Cultural Religious Heritage, 2022
International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management, 2022
Community relocation could be voluntary or forced, but such change in the composition of inhabita... more Community relocation could be voluntary or forced, but such change in the composition of inhabitants can endanger the historic urban context and its cultural significance. So, finding the answer to these questions is crucial: What are the main factors for relocation in historic urban contexts, and are these areas affected differently? This paper presented and discussed the results of a systematic literature review of international English-language publications. Databases such as Scopus, ICOMOS Open Archive, and UNESCO digital library were investigated to reveal the main factors for community relocation in the historic urban contexts. Results revealed a frequent focus in metropolitan regions and major cities worldwide between 1987 and 2021. The multiplicity of non-environmental relocation factors was also noticeable. Despite the commonalities of factors for community relocation worldwide, the type and effect of the relocation differed between the historic urban context and other urban contexts. The interaction of two main factors, namely economics and policies, was found to affect the process of community relocation in the historic urban context the most. Forced relocation was more predominant than voluntary relocation in historic urban contexts. However, the existing relations between internal and external factors that drive relocation must be further investigated. This research identified and charted how the local community relocation in historic urban contexts that are reflected in scholars' publications. It also defined a theoretical framework on the factors of community relocation in these contexts and their interrelation, which is vital for both urban and heritage studies as well as planning practices.
Springer, 2022
Religious tombs in Iran, which are generally the burial places of the religious leaders, have bec... more Religious tombs in Iran, which are generally the burial places of the religious leaders, have become the context for the evolution of tangible and intangible heritage. The shrine of Imam Reza (AS), as the most significant religious complex in Iran, has long been considered by the governments and the people. As a result, it includes various values that have been crystallized in two dimensions of physical and metaphysical and play an essential role in the resilience and sustainability of the city of Mashhad. However, the expansion of the city and the increase in religious tourists threaten the existence of this complex. The present article aims to facilitate the protection of this collection by identifying and introducing its associated values. For this reason, it first examines the shrine complex in terms of physical features, rituals, and traditions and then submits the values. Finally, by presenting strategies for the simultaneous preservation of the material and spiritual values of the shrine complex, it concludes that development and conservation are not obstacles to each other, but the protection of values provides the basis for sustainable development organization.
Journal of Iranian Architecture and Urbanism, 2018
One of the most important problems of constructing the Dome is how to transform the square plan o... more One of the most important problems of constructing the Dome is how to transform the square plan of the room to circular one for putting the dome on it. This part calls transition zone or Chapire. In Iran there are a number of Chapire which have been used from the past. Lots of evidences show Iranian architects were the author of this technique. There are researchers who classified different Chapires in Iran, like Andre Godard, Mohammad karim Pirnia and Gholamhossein Memarian. They have had different criteria for their classification but all of them believe that there are distinctions between making Chapire in before and after the coming of Islam. However they say that Squinch rib was used in Islamic period. In spite of this point of view, this essay aims to provide an example of using Squinch rib in early Sasanid period which is located in Sistan. Kuhe Khajeh is the evidence which has this kind of Chapire in its south vestibule. By this proof, the usage of this technique returns to 800 years earlier than those proposed by Andre Godard. To prove this theory, the authors have been used written sources and field study.
SAHC 2014, Mexico City, 2014
High-rise monuments will face different problems due to their height. Issues such as destruction ... more High-rise monuments will face different problems due to their height. Issues such as destruction are caused by high speed wind and deformation ascribed by their trunk weight. However, inclination is the trouble that occurs in some high-rise monuments. Towers and minarets are kind of these buildings that face this problem more. To some extent, it happens as a result of their specific shape or sensible difference between the height and the diameter of their trunk. Since the variety of this problems happen in different parts of the world, the way of dealing with tilting will be important. At the same time, studying of the restoration plan can be useful and precious. This damage will happen as a result of various reasons such as climatic changes, materials, method of construction, subsoil layers, defective trunk and seasonal fluctuation in the water table. This research is based on finding two important issues. Firstly, observing the most effective reasons for tilting the minarets or towers. Secondly, what the selected treatments of this problem are.
در يك قرن اخير، مساله آثار و بناهاي تاريخي و چگونگي برخورد با آنها در امر باززنده سازي و بخشيدن ح... more در يك قرن اخير، مساله آثار و بناهاي تاريخي و چگونگي برخورد با آنها در امر باززنده سازي و بخشيدن حيات دوباره به آن به عنوان
يادگارهاي تاريخي يك مرز و بوم از اهميت ويژه اي برخوردار بوده است.
از آنجا كه براي هر اقدامي جهت باززنده سازي و بهره برداري متفاوت از بنا، ناگزير به دخالت و ايجاد تغيير در بناي تاريخي مي باشيم ،
طراحي داخلي در يك بناي تاريخي متناسب با عملكرد جديد آن اهميت پيدا مي كند. حال اين پرسش مطرح است كه؛
جايگاه طراحي داخلي در باززنده سازي بناهاي تاريخي كجاست و چگونه به آن پرداخته مي شود؟
بررسي چگونگي برخورد با موضوع، طراحي داخلي در باززنده سازي بناي تاريخي و حفظ ارزشهاي آن، بعد از بيان مقدماتي از مواردي كه
مي بايست مورد توجه قرار گيرند با انتخاب 4 نمونه خارجي و يك نمونه داخلي، انجام خواهد شد. در نهايت آشكار خواهد شد الگو و
اساس طراحي خود بناي تاريخي بوده است كه تمامي اجزاء با توجه به ارزشهاي اثر تاريخي و اصل حفظ اصالت بنا و قابليت برگشت
پذيري شكل گرفته است. و نكته مهم در ارتباط با جايگاه طراحي داخلي در طرح باززنده سازي بناهاي تاريخي كه بايد بدان توجه
داشت اينست كه طراحي داخلي در هر مورد، بر مبناي ويژگي ها و ارزشهاي همان اثر، متناسب با روح بنا صورت گرفته است.
Conference Presentations by Mona Azarnoush
EURA 2022 Conference, 2022
Historic small cities that once flourished are now fragile structures. Sometimes, the historical ... more Historic small cities that once flourished are now fragile structures. Sometimes, the historical neighborhoods of these cities have lost their inhabitants and are abandoned. Loss of integrity between historical core and contemporary parts and decreased vitality are two significant outcomes of this phenomenon. Even though these neighborhoods are experiencing a steady population decline, some residents still live in them. In addition, some people return to these places on different occasions. Understanding the population push and pull factors is fundamental since neighborhood sustainability is associated with its community. So this research aims at investigating the reasons for the local community’s migration from these parts. In addition, it seeks to identify the characteristics which connect people to historic neighborhoods. Therefore, this paper selected the town of Zavareh, located in the center of Iran, as a case study and used Grounded theory as a research methodology. Information has been collected through interviews, observation, and studying. Then has been analyzed with the help of coding and extracting concepts. Outcomes reveal the factors that push the population from the historical section. Some of the mains are the deterioration of buildings and lack of updating these areas, inefficiency of historic houses, and the inadequacy and weakness of infrastructure in the historic neighborhood. The factors which attract people and keep locals have also been identified. These elements are associated with the internal features of the neighborhood and its inhabitants. The paper addresses them as place attachment, sense of belonging, housing in harmony with the context, social interactions context, and the place for finding identity. The results demonstrate that neighborhoods' shortcomings come from institutions of power, while their capacities and potentials depend on the inside. Population decrease indicates insufficient attention to the role of the local people and the unique characteristics of the historic neighborhoods, which can refer to as historic neighborhood assets.
SAHC 2014, Mexico City., 2014
High-rise monuments will face different problems due to their height. Issues such as destruction ... more High-rise monuments will face different problems due to their height. Issues such as destruction are caused by high speed wind and deformation ascribed by their trunk weight. However, inclination is the trouble that occurs in some high-rise monuments. Towers and minarets are kind of these buildings that face this problem more. To some extent, it happens as a result of their specific shape or sensible difference between the height and the diameter of their trunk. Since the variety of this problems happen in different parts of the world, the way of dealing with tilting will be important. At the same time, studying of the restoration plan can be useful and precious. This damage will happen as a result of various reasons such as climatic changes, materials, method of construction, subsoil layers, defective trunk and seasonal fluctuation in the water table. This research is based on finding two important issues. Firstly, observing the most effective reasons for tilting the minarets or towers. Secondly, what the selected treatments of this problem are. To respond these questions some of the towers and minarets, which are leaned, have been investigated. These monuments are: Pisa tower and Burano tower in Italy, minarets of Jam and Heart in Afghanistan and Al-Hadba and Anah minarets in Iraq. The selected elements had been compared in height, location, damages, interventions and treatments. It is needed to notify that, in most cases difficulty of documentation and survey is the main factor of increasing the duration of study and postponing the final consolidation. The results of this research indicate that apart from the location of the minaret or tower, one of the most important factors in inclination is the soil gradation; it means that the more friable the soil, the less compacted it will be. In addition, if the water table rises, the soil strength will be decreased and it prepares the condition for leaning the monuments. The reviewing of monuments has shown that proportions of these kinds of buildings make the condition more vulnerable and as a result the emergency consolidation will be essential. In selected treatments for these monuments, the most attempts were on the soil reinforcement and water penetration resistance. It is worthwhile to mention that in all of these restoration and consolidation plans the minimum intervention was undertaken to keep the monuments more authentic.
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Papers by Mona Azarnoush
يادگارهاي تاريخي يك مرز و بوم از اهميت ويژه اي برخوردار بوده است.
از آنجا كه براي هر اقدامي جهت باززنده سازي و بهره برداري متفاوت از بنا، ناگزير به دخالت و ايجاد تغيير در بناي تاريخي مي باشيم ،
طراحي داخلي در يك بناي تاريخي متناسب با عملكرد جديد آن اهميت پيدا مي كند. حال اين پرسش مطرح است كه؛
جايگاه طراحي داخلي در باززنده سازي بناهاي تاريخي كجاست و چگونه به آن پرداخته مي شود؟
بررسي چگونگي برخورد با موضوع، طراحي داخلي در باززنده سازي بناي تاريخي و حفظ ارزشهاي آن، بعد از بيان مقدماتي از مواردي كه
مي بايست مورد توجه قرار گيرند با انتخاب 4 نمونه خارجي و يك نمونه داخلي، انجام خواهد شد. در نهايت آشكار خواهد شد الگو و
اساس طراحي خود بناي تاريخي بوده است كه تمامي اجزاء با توجه به ارزشهاي اثر تاريخي و اصل حفظ اصالت بنا و قابليت برگشت
پذيري شكل گرفته است. و نكته مهم در ارتباط با جايگاه طراحي داخلي در طرح باززنده سازي بناهاي تاريخي كه بايد بدان توجه
داشت اينست كه طراحي داخلي در هر مورد، بر مبناي ويژگي ها و ارزشهاي همان اثر، متناسب با روح بنا صورت گرفته است.
Conference Presentations by Mona Azarnoush
يادگارهاي تاريخي يك مرز و بوم از اهميت ويژه اي برخوردار بوده است.
از آنجا كه براي هر اقدامي جهت باززنده سازي و بهره برداري متفاوت از بنا، ناگزير به دخالت و ايجاد تغيير در بناي تاريخي مي باشيم ،
طراحي داخلي در يك بناي تاريخي متناسب با عملكرد جديد آن اهميت پيدا مي كند. حال اين پرسش مطرح است كه؛
جايگاه طراحي داخلي در باززنده سازي بناهاي تاريخي كجاست و چگونه به آن پرداخته مي شود؟
بررسي چگونگي برخورد با موضوع، طراحي داخلي در باززنده سازي بناي تاريخي و حفظ ارزشهاي آن، بعد از بيان مقدماتي از مواردي كه
مي بايست مورد توجه قرار گيرند با انتخاب 4 نمونه خارجي و يك نمونه داخلي، انجام خواهد شد. در نهايت آشكار خواهد شد الگو و
اساس طراحي خود بناي تاريخي بوده است كه تمامي اجزاء با توجه به ارزشهاي اثر تاريخي و اصل حفظ اصالت بنا و قابليت برگشت
پذيري شكل گرفته است. و نكته مهم در ارتباط با جايگاه طراحي داخلي در طرح باززنده سازي بناهاي تاريخي كه بايد بدان توجه
داشت اينست كه طراحي داخلي در هر مورد، بر مبناي ويژگي ها و ارزشهاي همان اثر، متناسب با روح بنا صورت گرفته است.