Papers by nagendra barman
Lung, 1996
Study objectives: Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is well defined in animals. In human... more Study objectives: Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is well defined in animals. In humans, however, BALT has been reported to be inducible under pathologic conditions, such as chronic respiratory infection, although it is not present in healthy adults. Thus, induced BALT is considered to be involved in the mucosal immunity of the human lung under these conditions. However, there have been few studies to investigate BALT development in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The aim of this study was to examine the presence of BALT in hypersensitivity pneumonitis, especially in its chronic form. Methods: The subjects included five patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP) diagnosed from clinical and histologic findings. We investigated histologically the development of BALT in these patients. Further, the cellular distribution of BALT was also examined by immunohistochemistry. Results: BALT was present in three of five patients with CHP. Immunohistochemical examination revealed the follicular area of BALT to be composed mainly of B cells, while the parafollicular area comprised predominantly T cells. Centroblasts located in the germinal center of BALT expressed Ki-67 antigen, a marker of cell proliferation, suggesting that these cells were actively proliferating after antigenic stimulation. Cells expressing bcl-2, which is present primarily on memory B cells, were confined to the follicular area, devoid of any germinal centers. S-100positive, CD1a-negative interdigitating dendritic cells were observed in the dome area of BALT. Conclusions: These observations suggest that chronic antigenic stimulation and/or inflammation in CHP may cause BALT development, which, in turn, is likely to play an important role in the mucosal immune response of this disease.
Veterinary World, Feb 1, 2014
Aim: To determine the seroprevalence of vector(tick)-borne Babesia canis, Babesia gibsoni, Ehrlic... more Aim: To determine the seroprevalence of vector(tick)-borne Babesia canis, Babesia gibsoni, Ehrlichia canis and Borrelia burgdorferi and mosquito-borne Dirofilaria immitis in naturally exposed pet, working, and street dogs in Assam, India. Materials and Methods: Seroprevalence of B. canis and B. gibsoni was determined using Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) kit and for D. immitis, E. canis and B. burgdorferi by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in SNAP 3DX kit. The results along with blood microscopy findings were analyzed according to different categories of dogs. Results: The present study revealed the presence of Babesia canis, Babesia gibsoni, Dirofilaria immitis, and Ehrlichia canis usually in mixed infections. Seropositivity against B. gibsoni and B. canis in IFAT was found comparatively higher in hospital dogs (84.0% and 22.0%) than the street dogs (73.3% and 10%), whereas evidence of D. immitis infection in SNAP 3DX ELISA was found higher in street dogs (37.5%) than the hospital group (10%). Antibody to E. canis was detected in hospital dogs (32.0%) only and none of the dogs was found positive for Borrelia burgdorferi in the same ELISA kit. Besides detection of B. canis, B. gibsoni, D. immitis and E. canis in single or mixed infections, Hepatozoon canis and Anaplasma platys were also recorded in 2.0% and 8.0% respectively in hospital dogs and 3.33% and 6.66% in street dogs during microscopic examination of blood. Conclusion: High seroprevalence supported by microscopic findings indicate a very strong influence of ticks and mosquitoes as competent vectors in establishing an endemic situation for different species of Babesia, Dirofilaria and Ehrlichia.
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 2021
Abstract: Pygmy hogs (Porcula salvania) are the smallest and rarest wild suid. It is categorized ... more Abstract: Pygmy hogs (Porcula salvania) are the smallest and rarest wild suid. It is categorized as a Critically Endangered species as per the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. This study reports the first detection of a single-stranded RNA virus species, Aichivirus C, belonging to the genus Kobuvirus (KobV) and the family Picornaviridae, in pygmy hogs. KobV species are identified as a cause of acute gastroenteritis among children in India. As of now, there exists no report on the detection of KobV in animals from India. We used a detection assay based on reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction for KobV screening in pygmy hogs from a conservation center in India. The 3D polymerase gene–based molecular analysis revealed KobV presence in the Indian wild suid, pygmy hogs. Of the 15 samples tested, three were found positive for picornaviruses and were negative for rotavirus A, rotavirus C, astrovirus, picobirnavirus and caliciviruses. Nucleotide-based sequence analysis of the partial 3D polymerase gene revealed close identity with porcine KobV from the Czech Republic (JX232619, 90.6%–91.6%) and Hungary (NC_011829, 89.8%–91.6%), wherein one of the current study strains clustered with the Czech Republic JX232619 strain in the phylogenetic tree. Further investigation of the role of KobV in health and disease of pygmy hogs is warranted.
Journal of Genetics, 2021
Rhinoceros unicornis , also known as the greater one-horned rhinoceros (GoHR), is a vulnerable wi... more Rhinoceros unicornis , also known as the greater one-horned rhinoceros (GoHR), is a vulnerable wildlife species found in the Indian subcontinent with an estimated global population of 3582, of which an estimated 2995 resides in India. The Kaziranga National Park of Assam is the home to ~80.56% of the GoH population in India. Recent advances in genetics and microbial studies underscored the importance of gut microbial symbiosis as a crucial factor for host metabolic health and environmental interaction, particularly for higher mammals. Alteration of the normal microbiome can also be an indicator of chronic disease and infection. Freshly voided dung samples from nine dung heaps of free ranging or wild GoH rhinoceros were collected from Kaziranga National Park for mapping the gut microbial architecture through 16S-metagenomic approach. In our sample, the GoH gut harbours 168.8±12.55 (SE) bacteria-specific OTUs belonging to 21 phyla of which the gram-negative Proteobacteria is the most abundant phyla. Other abundant phylas found in the GoH gut are Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes . Although the GoH rhinoceros gut can utilize fibrous plant by microbial fermentation, the aerobic, nonfermenting Acinetobacter (20.7%), Stenotrophomonas (17.8%) and Brevundimonas (9.1%) constitute about 50% of all identified genus . Functional prediction of the GoH microbiome reveals that >50% of the bacteria present are involved in metabolism followed by cellular processes and information processing. A significant proportion (>1%) are associated with different diseases. In summary, our study characterized bacterial communities of nine wild GoH to identify some unique features and its implication in disease and survival of GoH.
Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, Jul 12, 2023
Avianpox (AP) is an infectious, slow spreading viral disease that has been reported to affect num... more Avianpox (AP) is an infectious, slow spreading viral disease that has been reported to affect numerous species of birds including poultry. There is very limited information available regarding the molecular and biological characteristics of the avipox viruses (APVs) circulating in India. In the present study, APVs from fowl [FP/As-K(R)], pigeon [P2/ As-K9(R)] and duck [D2/ As-N] origin isolated from natural outbreaks of the disease in different areas of Assam were selected for adaptation in different cell culture. All the three isolates were propagated in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) primary cell culture and Vero cell line and their propagation was confirmed by observing virus specific cytopathic effects (CPE) and by performing PCR targeting the 4b gene of APV. All three isolates were adapted in the CEF primary culture with production of virus specific CPE. However, a high degree of CPE was observed in the cultures infected with the fowl isolate from an earlier passage (P-11) in comparison to the other two isolates. Even the time required for completion of CPE was considerably less in case of the fowl isolate. The log TCID 50 of the fowl isolate was found to be 4.18 ± 0.11, 5.29 ± 0.06 and 6.29 ± 0.13, respectively in the 5 th , 15 th and 20 th passage, which was higher in comparison to the other two isolates. Interestingly, none of the isolates showed any virus specific CPE in vero cell line on propagation till the 10 th passage. Moreover, all the passages were found to be negative by PCR.
Animal Biotechnology, Aug 10, 2021
A large-scale epidemiological study of porcine circovirus-like virus P1 was carried out from 2007... more A large-scale epidemiological study of porcine circovirus-like virus P1 was carried out from 2007 to 2015 in China, which revealed a high level of P1 infection. Thirty-nine sequences obtained from pigs in eastern China showed remarkable genetic diversity, with the P1 predominant sequences and the mutant P1 with ORF1 or ORF2 containing an additional amino-acid extension at the C-terminus. This information may be useful for understanding the evolution of P1 circovirus-like virus.
Microbial Pathogenesis, Feb 1, 2016
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates recovered from different outbreaks in chicken flocks in As... more Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates recovered from different outbreaks in chicken flocks in Assam during 2014-15 were genotypically and pathotypically characterized. Nucleotide sequence analysis of fusion (F) and hemagglutinin protein genes showed a close similarity with genotype XIII strains of NDV. Amino acid sequence of F protein showed a virulent cleavage site (112)R-R-Q-K-R-F(117). Furthermore, pathogenicity test in one-day-old chicks and embryonated chicken eggs showed a virulent pathotype of the isolated NDV strains. The study will help us to understand the biology of circulating strains of NDV in Northeastern part of India.
Virusdisease, Mar 1, 2021
The present study describes an outbreak of Classical swine fever (CSF) in an organized pig farm f... more The present study describes an outbreak of Classical swine fever (CSF) in an organized pig farm followed by an episode of CSF virus (CSFV) associated congenital tremors in piglets. The outbreak was recorded in a newly procured herd of Hampshire pigs housed adjacent to the existing pigs of the farm. The recorded CSF outbreak caused a mortality of 100% in the newly procured and 54.28% in the existing herd. As the disease subsides, the clinically recovered boars were served naturally with Tamworth gilts. Though, the sows farrowed on usual gestation period, litters born to each sow showed congenital tremors and eventually died within 24 h of birth. Necropsy analysis of affected piglets was indicative of CSFV infection and was further confirmed using RT-PCR signifying a transplacental infection. The CSFV strains from the initial outbreak and post outbreak episode of congenital tremors were successfully isolated in PK-15 cells and detected in indirect FAT and RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis based on E2 gene and 5 0 NTR of CSFV grouped the isolates within the genotype 2.2 and revealed close resemblance with previously reported Indian isolates of CSFV genotype 2.2 origin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CSFV induced congenital form reported from India under natural conditions.
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology – Animal, 2015
Acta Virologica, 2019
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious viral infection that affects domestic and wild... more Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious viral infection that affects domestic and wild pig population. The classical swine fever virus (CSFV) targets immune cells which perturb the immune functions causing immunopathological disorders such as immunosuppression, leukopenia and haemorrhage. In the present study, ELISA and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis was employed to determine cytokine profiles in pigs naturally infected with CSFV using whole blood assay (WBA) under field conditions. Significantly higher TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6 expression levels were found in unvaccinated pigs infected with CSFV (group B) compared to vaccinated pigs that recovered after CSF (group A), the difference being statistically significant (p = 0.001). However, the expression of IFN-γ was significantly higher in group A compared to group B (p = 0.001). The findings of this field-supported study will help us to understand the immune biology of CSFV infection in infected pigs. The WBA technique can be used as a reliable, fast and feasible in vitro method to assess porcine cellular immune responses as it imitates the porcine blood conditions. Such studies could be of some value in determining the immune status of the ailing animals infected with CSFV.
European Journal of Immunology, 1999
In pigs the lymphocytes emigrating from the intestinal wall were collected by cannulating the lym... more In pigs the lymphocytes emigrating from the intestinal wall were collected by cannulating the lymphatics, labeled in vitro using a fluorescent dye and retransfused. The injection of 6.6 ± 4.2 × 10 8 cells resulted in a labeling index between 1.5 % in intestinal lymph, 0.2 % in the spleen and lymph nodes,˚0.1 % in the intestinal lamina propria and 0.003 % in intraepithelial lymphocytes. About 25 % of the injected cells were present in the blood and 1 % was recovered in the lymph. T cells were found in similar proportions in the injected and the recovered cells in the organs (70-80 %). The proportion of IgA + cells among the immigrated cells in the intestinal lamina propria ranged from 5 to 8 %, which in absolute numbers was up to 60 % of the injected IgA + cells. T and IgM + cells did not show a higher accumulation in any organ. These experiments in conventional, unrestrained animals revealed that (1) T cells immigrate into the intestinal lamina propria, (2) preferential migration of IgA + cells from gut lymph to the intestinal lamina propria is obvious under in vivo conditions and (3) the immigrated IgA + cells represent a very small population which is difficult to detect when analyzed in relative numbers.
Virus Genes, May 1, 2012
Two outbreaks of orf virus (ORFV) (a parapoxvirus) infection in goats, which occurred in Golaghat... more Two outbreaks of orf virus (ORFV) (a parapoxvirus) infection in goats, which occurred in Golaghat and Kamrup districts of Assam, a northeastern part of India, were investigated. The disease was diagnosed by standard virological and molecular techniques. The entire protein-coding region of B2L gene of two isolates were cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis based on B2L amino acid sequences showed that the ORFVs identified in these outbreaks were closely related to each other and both were closer to ORFV-Shahjahanpur 82/04 isolate from north India. The present study revealed that the precise characterization of the genomic region (B2L gene) might provide evidence for the genetic variation and movement of circulating ORFV strains in India.
Research in Veterinary Science
Archives of Virology
In this study, we report the complete genome sequence of swinepox virus from a clinical sample fr... more In this study, we report the complete genome sequence of swinepox virus from a clinical sample from a naturally occurring infection in India. The sequencing was done on a Nanopore MinION sequencer from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Two new annotations were added to the genome. Three of the genes were found to have frameshifts, which might be of importance in relation to infection. When compared to the only other reported whole genome sequence of swinepox virus, which was obtained from an isolate from America in 1999, our sequence is only 98.19% identical at the nucleotide level. The average amino acid sequence identity of the viral proteins, based on the common 149 annotations, is also 98.19%, demonstrating that these viruses are distinctly divergent. Owing to the fact that swinepox virus infects only swine, it could not have entered America until the introduction of swine in the 16th century from Europe. The swinepox viruses in both continents have continued to evolve independently. The sequence divergence identified here indicates a Eurasian-lineage virus that is geographically distinct from the American-lineage swinepox virus.
Folia Morphologica, 2022
This article is available in open access under Creative Common Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Deri... more This article is available in open access under Creative Common Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license, allowing to download articles and share them with others as long as they credit the authors and the publisher, but without permission to change them in any way or use them commercially.
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2021
Reproductive problems in swine caused by porcine viruses pose a serious threat to the pig industr... more Reproductive problems in swine caused by porcine viruses pose a serious threat to the pig industry in developing countries like India. For evaluating the true extent of porcine infections, a total of 1308 representative sera samples were collected from 92 different pig farms covering 8 North-Eastern states and Punjab state of Northern India during a period of 2 years (2011–2013). Sera samples were tested for the presence of antibodies against porcine parvovirus (PPV), porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2), and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. In the North-Eastern states, the seroprevalence of CSFV in non-vaccinated animals was 6.30% and that of PCV2 and PPV was 6.28% and 1.24%, respectively. In Punjab, the seroprevalence of CSFV in non-vaccinated animals was 44.44% and seroprevalence of PCV-2 and PPV was 34.07% and 39.10%, respectively. Detection of antibodies against more than one virus revealed that 4.66% animals had co-infection with PCV-2 and PPV, 1.75% with CSF and PPV, 1.98% with CSF and PCV-2, and 1.75% with all the three viruses. The receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve analysis depicted that piglet mortality, parvovirus, and CSFV were the most important parameters with an AUC value of 0.997, 0.897, and 0.973, respectively. Incidence of single or co-infection with different viruses showed that the occurrence of single infection was significantly more prevalent than co-infection. This study provides useful information to set up future epidemiologic, flock management, and public animal health policies for the prevention and control of PCV-2, PPV, and CSF in India.
Microbiology Resource Announcements, 2022
Porcine circovirus-associated disease caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a vital threa... more Porcine circovirus-associated disease caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a vital threat to the global pig industry. In this study, we have characterized the complete genome sequence of a PCV2 isolate, namely, Assam-01, belonging to the genotype PCV2d.
Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2021
Exudative epidermatitis or greasy pig disease (GPD) is a contagious disease of pig and endemic wo... more Exudative epidermatitis or greasy pig disease (GPD) is a contagious disease of pig and endemic worldwide caused by toxigenic strains under genus Staphylococcus. The present study reported an outbreak of GPD in Champhai district of Mizoram adjoining to the southern border of Myanmar. A total of 60 samples were collected from 22 clinically affected animals and processed for isolation and identification of Staphylococcus spp. All the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity assay, biofilm production assay and detection of virulence genes, biofilm genes and mec genes followed by cloning and sequencing for phylogenetic analysis. A total of 44 staphylococci belonged to four species (S. sciuri, S. aureus,S. lentus, and S. hyicus) were isolated. Majority of the isolates were multidrug resistant with maximum resistance against ampicillin, penicillin including vancomycin. None of the S. hyicus isolates was methicillin resistant (MRSH) but 66·67% isolates were MRSA. By PCR, mecA gene was detected in S. aureus (n = 2), S. sciuri (n = 4) and S. lentus (n = 3). Biofilm associated gene icaD was detected in S. aureus (n = 3), S. sciuri (n = 5), S. hyicus (n = 4) and S. lentus (n = 6). The exfoliative toxin genes (ehxB, shetA and tsst1) were detected in S. hyicus (n = 3) and S. aureus (n = 1) isolates. All the isolates were closely related with the isolates from pigs of China, Germany, Japan and USA. The pathogens might be transmitted through illegal migration of pigs from Myanmar to India.
Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2021
Background: The Study was intended to evaluate some common diagnostics that could supplement the ... more Background: The Study was intended to evaluate some common diagnostics that could supplement the clinical and histological identification of orf in goats.Methods: Samples from suspected clinical cases of orf (contagious ecthyma) were collected from various organized and unorganized goat herds around Guwahati, Assam. Presumptive diagnosis was based on the typical signs and lesions. For confirmatory diagnosis, various molecular and immunoassays were employed for the detection of orf virus or circulating antibodies.Result: Cutaneous lesions observed included solitary to multifocal erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules and scab stages on the lips, ears, gums, tongue, udder and perineal region. No mortality was observed and the morbidity rate varied between 35-60%. Microscopic lesions in skin biopsies were typically marked by epidermal hyperplasia and ballooning degeneration of the keratinocytes along with other changes. Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were demonstrable wi...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 2021
This study describes the first confirmed identification and phylogenetic analysis of goatpox viru... more This study describes the first confirmed identification and phylogenetic analysis of goatpox virus (GTPV) isolates from outbreaks occurred in 2016 in Assam, a North-Eastern state of India. A total of four different outbreaks involving non-descriptive local breeds (n = 135) in which skin scabs and serum samples from affected goats were investigated, and the etiology was confirmed as goatpox virus by standard virological/serological, molecular and gene sequence analysis techniques. P32 sequence analysis of four isolates representing four outbreak regions revealed that they are closely related among each other. They have shown about 99.5–100% and 99.1–99.7% at nt and aa levels to Indian GTPV isolates with maximum identity to GTPV Akola/2008/India. Among GTPV isolates from worldwide, GTPV/GS-V1/China has shown maximum identity of 99.8 and 99.7% at nt and aa levels with Assam isolates. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Assam GTPV isolates closely clustered with other Indian isolates as reported earlier. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this report seems to be the first confirmed identification of goatpox virus and its genetic characterization in Assam state of North-Eastern parts of India. It provides a potential insight into evolutionary relationship of circulating GTPV strains in Assam with other parts of India and adjoining international regions/borders. It necessitates the systematic investigation of goatpox in North-Eastern Regional states of India to monitor the disease in susceptible populations by use of rapid diagnostics and control them by using an effective vaccine.
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Papers by nagendra barman