Papers by Hüseyin Alhas
Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly
This year, Vera Serdechnaia, who has collected and compiled sources in Russian and other Cyrillic... more This year, Vera Serdechnaia, who has collected and compiled sources in Russian and other Cyrillic languages, has kindly agreed to join the checklist team. As is evident below, there is much work being done on Blake in languages other than English, so I thank all my collaborators in helping make the annual checklist as comprehensive as possible. As always, the annotations to entries from their respective areas are theirs. If any reader is interested in covering scholarship in languages not detailed above, please contact me. While it may be a lagging indicator, Blake scholarship continued at a steady clip in 2020, despite the global pandemic. Exhibitions were, of course, the major exception, as discussed in this issue by Luisa Calè. William Blake at Tate Britain had the good fortune to wrap up just under the wire in February 2020, and I have recorded a substantial number of new reviews and notices to complement the hundred that appeared in 2019. (As was my practice last year, I have c...
RumelİDE Journal of Language and Literature Studies, 2024
Seventeenth-century England, renowned for its epic poems, stands as one of the most fruitful peri... more Seventeenth-century England, renowned for its epic poems, stands as one of the most fruitful periods in the history of English literary criticism in terms of epic theory. One of the most significant topics of literary criticism during this era is the evolution of epic heroes. The critics at the time had comprehensive knowledge of the existing pagan and Christian traditions of epic heroes which were varied and interwoven. Moreover, the critics of the period were well acquainted with the literary criticisms of late Renaissance Italy and seventeenth-century France. However, they did not simply absorb influences from Greek, Roman, French, and Italian sources. Instead, English critics engaged in an active dialogue with these traditions, interpreting and adapting their ideas in light of their own cultural, historical, and theological context. This enabled critics to create individual approaches towards epic heroes, thereby making English literary criticism diverse but also too fragmented to form a cohesive group. This aspect of the period makes drawing the contours of the epic heroes immensely challenging. However, despite the overriding eclecticism inherent in the literary criticism of the period, this article indicates that there is a surprising degree of consensus on certain characteristics of epic heroes. Accordingly, this article examines the concept of epic heroes in seventeenth-century English literary criticism, focusing on four key aspects: the didactic role of epic heroes, their depiction as paragons of virtue, the significance of their lineage, and the intricate process of Christianising them.
Ankara University Journal of the Faculty of Languages and History-Geography, 2023
The scholarly investigation of epic heroes encompasses a complex and multifaceted realm, engaging... more The scholarly investigation of epic heroes encompasses a complex and multifaceted realm, engaging researchers in grappling with the intricate task of defining and categorising these figures, while also endeavouring to comprehend their evolutionary trajectory. Academic discourse on epic heroes has yielded two distinctive approaches. The first group, denoted as the “ubiquitous fallacy group” within this article, employs anthropological, psychoanalytical, historical, and literary perspectives to argue for the temporal and spatial ubiquity of epic heroes at their core, accentuating shared patterns and recurring themes. This article provides a thorough critique of the first group, highlighting the inherent methodological and contextual problems in their analytical frameworks, and revealing their limitations, particularly in terms of selective data and potential oversimplification of complex phenomena. The second group, while acknowledging some generic influences over time, emphasises the impossibility of ascribing a single, stable, or universal form to the concept of epic hero. Although leaning towards favouring the latter approach, this article aims to identify the problems inherent in this group as well. This approach’s categorisation of epic heroes, creating heroic models or types to differentiate heroes, is also problematic, given the fluid boundaries between these categories and the potential inadequacy of models in capturing the full complexity and diversity of epic heroism they represent. This article further delves into two distinct analytical frameworks in this group, Doris Cecilia Werner’s socio-political reading and John Steadman’s “image and ideal” hypothesis, offering potential solutions to address gaps in their theoretical approaches. Accordingly, this article, while presenting fresh criticism on the theories of the evolution of epic heroes, argues that the ever-changing nature of epic heroes defies a uniform ubiquitous definition or categorizations, and offers solutions to fill the gaps in the latest scholarly analytical frameworks.
Hacettepe University Journal of Faculty of Letters, 2023
This study explores the impact of newspapers on William Blake's perception of the French Revoluti... more This study explores the impact of newspapers on William Blake's perception of the French Revolution in the light of archival documents. The Revolution is indeed one of the defining events that deeply influenced the poetry of Blake. However, how the poet learned about the course of the events in France and what his sources were have been a matter of debate. Various studies indicated that the poet followed the turbulent events of the Revolution closely through several sources ranging from the political statements of the politicians to the dinner conversations at Joseph Jonson's, from newspapers to the sophisticated political works of Thomas Paine and Edmund Burke. Among these sources, the newspapers appear to be the most influential source for Blake due to their accessibility and ability to provide a constant flow of information about the events of the Revolution. Accordingly, focusing on Blake's The French Revolution (1791) and "Tyger" (1792-93) in the light of the original newspaper documents from British archives, this study hypothesises that the impact of the early phases of the French Revolution on William Blake's poetry was shaped by the newspapers of the period. Furthermore, the newspapers' representation of the Revolution as an embracing, liberating and pacifist force had direct impact on Blake's poetry. After 1793, the Revolution entered into a new bloody phase, also known as The Reign of Terror Period, during which many people, including the members of the monarchy, were executed. This new phase posed threat for the British monarchy; therefore, the newspapers of the period started to employ counter-revolutionary discourse. During this period, Blake continued to use newspapers as a source, however, instead of using the content of the columns directly, he subverted the news by attributing positive connotations to the monstrous image of revolution and revolutionaries.
Books by Hüseyin Alhas
2022, NOBEL BİLİMSEL ESERLER, 2022
2022, NOBEL BİLİMSEL ESERLER, 2022
Patrick Joseph Kavanagh, yirminci yüzyılın önde gelen İrlandalı şairlerinden biridir. Şair, on ka... more Patrick Joseph Kavanagh, yirminci yüzyılın önde gelen İrlandalı şairlerinden biridir. Şair, on kardeşin dördüncüsü olarak 1904 yılında İrlanda'nın kırsal bölgesi Monaghan'ın, günümüzde Kuzey İrlanda'da yer alan Inniskeen kasabasında dünyaya gelir. On üç yaşına kadar Kednaminsha Ulusal Okulunda (Kednaminsha National School) okur ve sonrasında, ayakkabı ustası olan babasının yanında çırak olarak çalışmaya başlar. Eğitim hayatının kısa sürmesiyle oluşan açığı, kendi kendini eğiterek kapatır. Babasının yanında ve tarlalarda çalıştığı dönemde, kütüphanelerden edindiği, içinde Henry....
Swift'ten McPherson'a İrlandalı Edebiyatçılar, 2022
Edebiyat, İrlanda topraklarında yüzyıllardır süregelen siyasi ve kültürel mücadelenin en hayati c... more Edebiyat, İrlanda topraklarında yüzyıllardır süregelen siyasi ve kültürel mücadelenin en hayati cephelerinden ve yaşanan dönüşümün en önemli göstergelerinden biri olmuştur. İrlanda’nın dinî, siyasi ve ekonomik çalkantılarla dolu olaylı tarihinden geriye bu tarihle harmanlanmış zengin bir edebî gelenek kalmıştır. Bu kitap İrlanda edebî geleneğinin önemli bileşenleri sayılabilecek şair, romancı ve oyun yazarlarını bir araya getirerek İrlanda edebiyatı üzerine Türkçe yazılmış ilk referans kitabı olma özelliğini taşımaktadır. 17. yüzyıldan günümüze kadar yaşamış ve eser vermiş edebiyatçıların yaşamlarına, edebî üsluplarına, önemli eserlerine ışık tutan bu kitap Jonathan Swift’ten Bram Stoker’a, Oscar Wilde’dan Lady Gregory’ye, William Butler Yeats’ten James Joyce’a, Samuel Beckett’ten Iris Murdoch’a, Seamus Heaney’den Eavan Boland’a, Marina Carr’dan Martin McDonagh’ya toplam kırk beş İrlandalı ustayı sizinle buluşturmaktadır.
Thesis Chapters by Hüseyin Alhas
Hacettepe University, 2024
This study argues that in the selected works of the seventeenth-century English epics, William Da... more This study argues that in the selected works of the seventeenth-century English epics, William Davenant's Gondibert (1651) and John Milton's Paradise Lost (1667), the epic heroes are constructed as part of the poets' personal responses to the problems and questions initiated by the profound social, religious, philosophical, and political changes occurring in the seventeenth-century England. Both poets highlight the need for the development of new virtues, behaviours, and ethical standards in response to the dramatic changes at the time. Accordingly, this dissertation hypothesises that the epic heroes in these works are not only used as a vehicle for social and political commentary, but also as blueprints for ethical systems congruent with the needs of the contemporary epoch, thereby fostering the moral progression and advancement of the audience. This leads both poets to significantly deviate from the traditional concept of the epic hero, each reimagining and reshaping conventions in their own distinctive way. The evolution of Davenant's new epic hero is characterised by rhetorical prowess, tempered ambition, reason, openness to new knowledge, and a pro-peace stance, yet is also marked by justified martial prowess due to the realpolitik. Davenant writes for the high strata of the society from both sides of the Civil War, believing that as the "chiefs" of the society they should adapt to contemporary shifts to better fit the offices of government. Milton's redefinition of the epic hero is characterised by innate free will, political responsibility, rhetorical prowess, a worth determined not by lineage but by merit marked by endurance and patience, autonomous obedience to God guided by right reason, and a nuanced view of war that recognises its brutal reality yet also understands the necessity of martial prowess in a politically charged world. By redefining heroism in this manner, Milton shifts its domain from the exclusive preserve of high society to the realm of the everyday Christian, making it accessible and relevant to a broader spectrum of society. Keywords: Heroism, Epic Hero, Heroic Ideal, William Davenant, Gondibert, John Milton, Paradise Los
Hacettepe University, 2017
William Blake was deeply influenced by the revolutions of the late eighteenth century. The events... more William Blake was deeply influenced by the revolutions of the late eighteenth century. The events of the turbulent age, specifically the French Revolution, created various impacts on Blake; and led him to many transitions both politically and theologically. He himself and his continental prophetic books are, therefore, the core products of the transitions he went through. In this thesis, the impacts of the different phases of the French Revolution on William Blake will be presented with the analogical readings of the texts and the illustrations with the events of the period. The impact of the revolution on Blake is already studied; yet it is incomplete when it comes to the continental prophetic books. The problem lies in the conceptualization of the French Revolution as a single event of 1789. The French Revolution is rather a series of events beginning from 1789 to 1815. Thus, while focusing on the impacts of the revolution on Blake, special attention will be drawn to the period from 1789 to 1795; early phase of the revolution (1789-1792), Terror Period (1792-1793), war-time period (1793-1795). Each period's impacts on Blake will be presented with references to Blake's works from different years, The French Revolution (1791), The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790-1793), America, A Prophecy (1793), Europe, A Prophecy (1794), and The Song of Los (1795) respectively.
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Papers by Hüseyin Alhas
Books by Hüseyin Alhas
Thesis Chapters by Hüseyin Alhas