Papers by MANIKANDA BHARATH K
The challenge of waste disposal and management has become more prominent with increasing awarenes... more The challenge of waste disposal and management has become more prominent with increasing awareness. In rural areas, natural waste management is carried out within available space constraints. The conventional methods used for solid waste disposal include burning, landfilling, and composting, often regarded as the most effective and widely used practices. There is a significant concern over the adverse environmental consequences of implementing non-sustainable practices in solid waste management. This chapter aims to comprehensively analyse the many sources of solid waste, focusing on lignocellulosic biomasses originating from rural areas, mainly within the Indian sub-continent. Pyrolytic conversion is a thermal process that transforms waste materials into three distinct forms: solid residue known as char, liquid fuel, and gaseous emissions. Recent research has concentrated on using food waste as an energy source (e.g. for the manufacture of bioethanol and biodiesel) rather than disposing of and decomposing it. Utilizing a biorefinery or biotechnology, organic waste can also be used to produce valuable organic chemicals, such as succinic acid and/or bioplastics. The chapter further provides a detailed explanation of mapping secondary data from different departments and contrasts it with previously conducted research studies. This chapter is intended to summarise the facts on the efficient use of biochar for pollution control and environmental management.
Regional Studies in Marine Science
Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences
In recent years, the contamination of the earth's materials with radioactive elements as ... more In recent years, the contamination of the earth's materials with radioactive elements as naturally occurring radioactive material has been a source of concern. This study is aimed at the environmental radioactivity of beach sediments and the gamma dose levels along the southeastern coastal region of the Indian subcontinent, from the Palar River mouth (Kadalur Kuppam) to the Pulicat Lake or Pazhaverkadu coast. Furthermore, to analyze the gamma dosage level, as well as the spatial variation of the activity concentrations of 238 U, 232 Th, and 4 K, as well as the acid-leachable trace elements Ni, Pb, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Fe, and Cr in coastal sediments. In addition, radiological risk and hazard indices are assessed in the study domain. The MiniTRACE CSDF survey meter was used to determine the ambient gamma dose level and the activity concentration of primordial radionuclides (238 U, 232 Th, and 4 K) was quantified using gamma-ray spectroscopy with a NaI (Tl) detector, as well as trace elements studied in atomic absorption spectroscopy. The primordial radionuclides activity concentration (238 U, 232 Th, and 4 K) in collected coastal sediments of the proposed region were found in the range of ≤3-1953, ≤3-1180, and 41-753 Bq/kg, respectively. The annual effective dose rate was found in the order of 4 K > 232 Th > 238 U. Based on the geochemometric approach, the data collected for various radiological parameters were combined with radiological risk indices, and trace element concentrations were compared on a regional and global scale. The current study could provide a new research pathway in the areas of coastal monitoring, environmental health, and radiation safety measures.
Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health
Microplastics (MPs) around the landfill site have been few studies thus far. The most recent stud... more Microplastics (MPs) around the landfill site have been few studies thus far. The most recent studies have focussed on MP pollution in freshwater, marine, and sediment environments. Conversely, soil, a significant sink of MPs, it has had less scientific attention until now. On the other hand, atmospheric MPs are growing pollutants that have recently been a cause for worry on worldwide. Consequently, the review is focused on the following goals: 1) to study about how microplastic is distributed in aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric environments; 2) to give specifics on the many techniques used to characterise and identify microplastic; and 3) to discuss about challenges to the ecosystem, animals, and humans. This review will advance our knowledge of dissemination, characterisation, and threats of microplastics around landfill systems. In order to find areas where the study of microplastic can be improved, it is required to review the current literature on the subject.
Global NEST: the international Journal
This study analyses seasonal and regular variations in ambient atmospheric concentrations of tota... more This study analyses seasonal and regular variations in ambient atmospheric concentrations of total gaseous mercury (TGM), ancillary air pollutant concentrations, and their relationship to weather conditions of a megacity environment in India. Further, to correlate with TGM concentrations at different megacities all around the urbanized environments in the world. The average concentration for TGM was 4.66 ± 8.35 ng/m3 and with an absorptions range of 0.41∼540 ng/m3 throughout the study period. The maximum concentration of total gaseous mercury was observed at 5.64 ng/m3 during the winter, while the minimum concentration was 3.91 ng/m3 during the southwest monsoon. The multivariate statistical analysis indicates the TGM values interacted positively with SR, WD, BP, CO, PM2.5, NO2, NOx and negatively with SO2, relative humidity, wind speed, and temperature. Meteorological parameters have an essential influence on the transport and distribution of pollutants in the monitoring site due t...
CRC Press eBooks, Sep 30, 2022
Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health www.sciencedirect.com Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health , 2023
Microplastics (MPs) around the landfill site have been few studies thus far. The most recent stud... more Microplastics (MPs) around the landfill site have been few studies thus far. The most recent studies have focussed on MP pollution in freshwater, marine, and sediment environments. Conversely, soil, a significant sink of MPs, it has had less scientific attention until now. On the other hand, atmospheric MPs are growing pollutants that have recently been a cause for worry on worldwide. Consequently, the review is focused on the following goals: 1) to study about how microplastic is distributed in aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric environments; 2) to give specifics on the many techniques used to characterise and identify microplastic; and 3) to discuss about challenges to the ecosystem, animals, and humans. This review will advance our knowledge of dissemination, characterisation, and threats of microplastics around landfill systems. In order to find areas where the study of microplastic can be improved, it is required to review the current literature on the subject.
Global NEST Journal, 2022
This study analyses seasonal and regular variations in ambient atmospheric concentrations of tota... more This study analyses seasonal and regular variations in ambient atmospheric concentrations of total gaseous mercury (TGM), ancillary air pollutant concentrations, and their relationship to weather conditions of a megacity environment in India. Further, to correlate with TGM concentrations at different megacities all around the urbanized environments in the world. The average concentration for TGM was 4.66 ± 8.35 ng/m 3 and with an absorptions range of 0.41∼540 ng/m 3 throughout the study period. The maximum concentration of total gaseous mercury was observed at 5.64 ng/m 3 during the winter, while the minimum concentration was 3.91 ng/m 3 during the southwest monsoon. The multivariate statistical analysis indicates the TGM values interacted positively with SR, WD, BP, CO, PM2.5, NO2, NOx and negatively with SO2, relative humidity, wind speed, and temperature. Meteorological parameters have an essential influence on the transport and distribution of pollutants in the monitoring site due to its location, local sources, and anthropogenic activities. Wind across India belongs to the southern hemisphere in summer and to the northern hemisphere in winter due to the movement of the intertropical convergence zone. Limited studies of atmospheric mercury concentrations have been conducted in India's city environments; however, as far as our results are concerned, they are the essentials, which exposed about environmental aggregate vaporous mercury detected in a required industrialized and coastal metropolitan zone in India.
Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 2023
In recent years, the contamination of the earth's materials with radioactive elements as naturall... more In recent years, the contamination of the earth's materials with radioactive elements as naturally occurring radioactive material has been a source of concern. This study is aimed at the environmental radioactivity of beach sediments and the gamma dose levels along the southeastern coastal region of the Indian subcontinent, from the Palar River mouth (Kadalur Kuppam) to the Pulicat Lake or Pazhaverkadu coast. Furthermore, to analyze the gamma dosage level, as well as the spatial variation of the activity concentrations of 238 U, 232 Th, and 4 K, as well as the acid-leachable trace elements Ni, Pb, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Fe, and Cr in coastal sediments. In addition, radiological risk and hazard indices are assessed in the study domain. The MiniTRACE CSDF survey meter was used to determine the ambient gamma dose level and the activity concentration of primordial radionuclides (238 U, 232 Th, and 4 K) was quantified using gamma-ray spectroscopy with a NaI (Tl) detector, as well as trace elements studied in atomic absorption spectroscopy. The primordial radionuclides activity concentration (238 U, 232 Th, and 4 K) in collected coastal sediments of the proposed region were found in the range of ≤3-1953, ≤3-1180, and 41-753 Bq/kg, respectively. The annual effective dose rate was found in the order of 4 K > 232 Th > 238 U. Based on the geochemometric approach, the data collected for various radiological parameters were combined with radiological risk indices, and trace element concentrations were compared on a regional and global scale. The current study could provide a new research pathway in the areas of coastal monitoring, environmental health, and radiation safety measures.
Atmosphere
The present study examines indoor and outdoor environmental particulate matter and gaseous pollut... more The present study examines indoor and outdoor environmental particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in order to evaluate the urban air quality, the sources and pathways of pollutants, and its impact on Chennai megacity, South India. A total number of 25 air conditioner filter particulate matter samples collected from residential buildings, schools, colleges, commercial shopping malls, and buildings near urban highways were studied for indoor air quality. Similarly, outdoor air quality assessments have been done in various parts of the Chennai metropolis, including the Manali-Industrial area, the Velachery-Residential site, and the Alandur Bus Depot, as well as collected air quality data sets from the Central Pollution Control Board at continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations. The suspended atmospheric particles where the highest concentration (47%) occurred were mostly located in the roadside environments followed by commercial areas (42%), which indicates the increase i...
Atmosphere , 2022
The present study examines indoor and outdoor environmental particulate matter and gaseous pollut... more The present study examines indoor and outdoor environmental particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in order to evaluate the urban air quality, the sources and pathways of pollutants, and its impact on Chennai megacity, South India. A total number of 25 air conditioner filter particulate matter samples collected from residential buildings, schools, colleges, commercial shopping malls, and buildings near urban highways were studied for indoor air quality. Similarly, outdoor air quality assessments have been done in various parts of the Chennai metropolis, including the Manali-Industrial area, the Velachery-Residential site, and the Alandur Bus Depot, as well as collected air quality data sets from the Central Pollution Control Board at continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations. The suspended atmospheric particles where the highest concentration (47%) occurred were mostly located in the roadside environments followed by commercial areas (42%), which indicates the increase in air pollution in the roadside areas. Further, environmental magnetism and ecological risk indices were studied from the collected data set. The study predicts that the air pollutants were predominantly from anthropogenic sources, such as vehicle emissions, effluents from power plants, abrasion of tires, steelworks, burning of fossil fuels and construction materials, etc. As a result, the current study suggests 68% of indoor pollutants were from the anthropogenic input, 18% from the pedogenic origin, and 14% from high heavy metal pollution at the sampling sites. This indicates that raising the ventilation rate via mechanical components significantly enhances the indoor air quality. These findings might be valuable in improving urban air quality, reducing traffic-related pollutants, and improving environmental quality.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
The present study aims to investigate the geospatial variations in natural radioactivity, radiolo... more The present study aims to investigate the geospatial variations in natural radioactivity, radiological risks, and the heavy mineral content along the urban costal zone of Chennai, South India. During the period of March 2019, ambient gamma radioactivity was measured proposed site using a Ludlum Model 19 micro-R survey meter and gamma-ray spectrometry using a Gamma-ray spectrometer with NaI (Tl) detector. The ambient gamma radiation levels at 13 urban beaches in Chennai megacity along the Bay of Bengal range from 18 to 965 nGy/h, with an average of 148 nGy/h. The natural radionuclides contributed to the effective dose in the order of 40K > 232Th > 238U. The radionuclide activity concentration values confirmed that the sediments belong to the fluvial sources of beach placer or heavy minerals in the study area.
Springer, 2022
The present study aims to investigate the geospatial variations in natural radioactivity, radiolo... more The present study aims to investigate the geospatial variations in natural radioactivity, radiological risks, and the heavy mineral content along the urban costal zone of Chennai, South India. During the period of March 2019, ambient gamma radioactivity was measured proposed site using a Ludlum Model 19 micro-R survey meter and gamma-ray spectrometry using a Gamma-ray spectrometer with NaI (Tl) detector. The ambient gamma radiation levels at 13 urban beaches in Chennai megacity along the Bay of Bengal range from 18 to 965 nGy/h, with an average of 148 nGy/h. The natural radionuclides contributed to the effective dose in the order of 40 K > 232 Th > 238 U. The radionuclide activity concentration values confirmed that the sediments belong to the fluvial sources of beach placer or heavy minerals in the study area.
IJMS Vol.49(06) [June 2020], Jun 1, 2020
We report the health risk assessment of air conditioner filter dust collected from different part... more We report the health risk assessment of air conditioner filter dust collected from different parts of Chennai city, Southern India, using geochemistry and magnetic properties as proxy. The particle size analysis indicates dust particles range from 0.5 μm to 955 μm and the dust grains falling in the range between 30 to 40 μm. The XRD results indicate that the dust samples contain magnetite, hematite, goethite, and trace elements. The hazard index (HI) of trace elements for child and adult determined in our study shows the probable risk for elements as: Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > Zn. The daily exposure for inhalation [carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic LDD inh ] and cancer risk for inhalation (CR inh) were showing high risk and health impact for Cr followed by Ni. It is suggested from the study that higher ventilation rate assisted by means of a mechanical system and use of air conditioners with regular cleaning can improve the living conditions in the Metropolitan areas.
Emerging Contaminants and Associated Treatment Technologies
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Papers by MANIKANDA BHARATH K