Papers by Ziemowit Olszanowski
Polish Polar Research, 2018
In polar regions, apart from tundra and glaciers, geothermally active areas with elevated tempera... more In polar regions, apart from tundra and glaciers, geothermally active areas with elevated temperatures are important elements of ecosystems. One such geothermally active region characterized by mosaic ecosystems and vast areas covered by recent lava fields is Iceland. The aim of our study was to explore the diversity of invertebrates inhabiting geothermally active lava fields in the Krafla area (Iceland). Eight bryophyte samples were collected from a warm surface, mainly from the steaming areas. We have found Nematoda, Rotifera, Tardigrada and Oribatida in the samples. Habitat analysis demonstrated there to be 12 bryophyte species (five liverworts and seven mosses). The diversity of bryophytes in a single sample ranged from one to six species. The most common bryophyte was Racomitrium lanuginosum (Hedw.) Brid. Four species of tardigrades were found, including one that was new. Pilatobius islandicus sp. nov. is described herein by morphological, morphometric and molecular approaches (COI, 28S rRNA, 18S rRNA). Oribatida mites were identified as two species (Malaconothrus monodactylus (Michael, 1888) and Camisia foveolata Hammer, 1955). The average density of invertebrates was 13.1 ind./g with a maximum of 40.8 ind./g calculated per dry material. The tardigrades found in our study belonged to herbivores, microbivores and omnivores, whereas the mites belonged to saprophages, which indicates complex trophic networks in geothermally active lava fields.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2010
Acariformes (one of the two main lineages of Acari) represent an exceptionally diverse group of A... more Acariformes (one of the two main lineages of Acari) represent an exceptionally diverse group of Arachnida. We performed first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Acariformes using sequence data from the nuclear small subunit rRNA gene (18S rDNA) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI, amino acids). Our analyses confirm the monophyly of Acariformes and recognize two orders within Acariformes: Sarcoptiformes, consisting of Endeostigmata and Oribatida + Astigmata, and Trombidiformes. The data revealed the origin of Astigmata within Oribatida with the desmonomatan superfamily Crotonioidea as the source of astigmatan radiation and the sexual family Hermanniidae as the sister group, which generally supports previous morphological hypotheses. These results were found despite the strong conflict between long-branch attraction (LBA) artifacts and phylogenetic signal. It is likely that the conflict resulted from differences in the substitution rates among acariform lineages, especially comparing slowly evolving Oribatida with rapidly evolving Astigmata. The use of likelihood methods considered more resistant to LBA only slightly decreased the chance of falling into the LBA trap; the probability of recovering the origin of Astigmata within Desmonomata differs only by about 10% from that of having the long branched Astigmata and Trombidiformes either connected directly or shifted to deep parts of the tree due to outgroup attraction. Molecular dating using the rate-smoothing method PATHd8 shows that Acariformes originated c. 435 MYA and were probably among the earliest arthropods invading terrestrial habitats in late Silurian or the Lower Devonian, when the first vascular plants are thought to have arisen. Our analyses did not support the monophyly of Acari because we recovered clades Acariformes-Solifugae and Parasitiformes-Pseudoscorpionida. However, a formal revision of arachnid classification that would reflect these results must await future analyses.
Acariformes (one of the two main lineages of Acari) represent an exceptionally diverse group of A... more Acariformes (one of the two main lineages of Acari) represent an exceptionally diverse group of Arachnida. We performed first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Acariformes using sequence data from the nuclear small subunit rRNA gene (18S rDNA) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI, amino acids). Our analyses confirm the monophyly of Acariformes and recognize two orders within Acariformes: Sarcoptiformes, consisting of Endeostigmata and Oribatida + Astigmata, and Trombidiformes. The data revealed the origin of Astigmata within Oribatida with the desmonomatan superfamily Crotonioidea as the source of astigmatan radiation and the sexual family Hermanniidae as the sister group, which generally supports previous morphological hypotheses. These results were found despite the strong conflict between long-branch attraction (LBA) artifacts and phylogenetic signal. It is likely that the conflict resulted from differences in the substitution rates among acariform lineages, especially comparing slowly evolving Oribatida with rapidly evolving Astigmata. The use of likelihood methods considered more resistant to LBA only slightly decreased the chance of falling into the LBA trap; the probability of recovering the origin of Astigmata within Desmonomata differs only by about 10% from that of having the long branched Astigmata and Trombidiformes either connected directly or shifted to deep parts of the tree due to outgroup attraction. Molecular dating using the rate-smoothing method PATHd8 shows that Acariformes originated c. 435 MYA and were probably among the earliest arthropods invading terrestrial habitats in late Silurian or the Lower Devonian, when the first vascular plants are thought to have arisen. Our analyses did not support the monophyly of Acari because we recovered clades Acariformes-Solifugae and Parasitiformes-Pseudoscorpionida. However, a formal revision of arachnid classification that would reflect these results must await future analyses.
Ab s t r act: As a result of three year studies of moss mites (Acari: Oribatida) from the Slonsk ... more Ab s t r act: As a result of three year studies of moss mites (Acari: Oribatida) from the Slonsk Nature Reserve (Western Great Poland), 57 species were identified and described. Three among them are new to the fauna of Poland: Eremobelba geographica, Peloptulus reticulatus and Achipteria oudelnansi.
Fragmenta Faunistica, 1990
AbŃrac{. The study of the structure of soil mite (Acarl) communities was carried out in 1976_ 197... more AbŃrac{. The study of the structure of soil mite (Acarl) communities was carried out in 1976_ 1977 on 10 plots representing different types of urban green in Warsaw (parks, green of housing estates, streetside green). Mite fauna of the urban green wa § compared with the fauna of suburban habitats, that is, a moist meadow (Arrhenatheretum) and a linden-oak-hornbeam forest (Tilio-Carpinetum) at Białołęka Dworska (peripheral district of Warsaw), and a. natural linden-oak-hornbeam forest at Radziejowice. Due to this it was possible to determine the effect of urban pressure on the composition and dominance structure of communities of individual groups of mites.
Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 2014
Stromata of grass-infecting fungi from the genus Epichloë (Clavicipitaceae: Ascomycota) serve as ... more Stromata of grass-infecting fungi from the genus Epichloë (Clavicipitaceae: Ascomycota) serve as a food source and egg-laying surface for ßies of genus Botanophila (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Larger stromata should make it possible for ßies to lay more eggs and provide more food to offspring. This hypothesis was tested in four different grassÐfungus associations that occur in central Poland. In two of these associations, Epichloë bromicola on Elymus repens and Epichloë typhina on Puccinellia distans, ßies showed a preference for longer stromata, and egg density on these stromata was signiÞcantly higher than in the other two associations. A negative correlation between egg density and offspring success was observed in only one association, E. bromicola-El. repens. However, offspring success in this association did not differ signiÞcantly from offspring success in associations with lower egg density on the stromata, in which ßies showed no preference for the stroma length. Long-term observations (2000 Ð2010) of ßyÐfungus interaction in the E. typhinaÐP. distans association showed that ßy preference toward stroma length may vary over time but with no clear tendency. No signiÞcant correlations were found between the larval density on a stroma and either larval weight or mortality.
Annales Zoologici
Nearсtiс speсies Platуnothrus bicаriпаtus Jaсot,1938 known uu to date from adult instar only, is ... more Nearсtiс speсies Platуnothrus bicаriпаtus Jaсot,1938 known uu to date from adult instar only, is rеdеsсribеd and illustrated (inсluding all immature stages). A сomparison with othеr rеlated Palaearсtiс spесies is inсludеd
Acarologia
PLA TYNOTHR US ВICARINATUS JACOT 1938 AВNORMAL MORPHOLOGY ANOMALIES SUMМARY: Abnormalities in the... more PLA TYNOTHR US ВICARINATUS JACOT 1938 AВNORMAL MORPHOLOGY ANOMALIES SUMМARY: Abnormalities in the morphological structures of Platynothrus Ыса rinatus Jacot, 1938 are presented and il1ustrated. А comparison with normally developed specimen of this species is included. Abnormal adult differs from other specimens Ьу highier number of notogastral, anal, adanal setae and variance of leg setation. One abnormal specimen was found in USA, New Mexico, in а leaf and 10g litter of Pseudotsuga menziesii-Pinus ponderosa forest, at 2390 m а. s. 1.
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Papers by Ziemowit Olszanowski