Advaita Vedanta
Advaita Vedanta (Sanskrit: अद्वैत वेदान्त Advaita Vedānta, letterlik "niedualiteit") is ’n skool van Hindoefilosofie en ’n klassieke stelsel van spirituele bewuswording in die Indiese tradisie.[1] Die term "Advaita" verwys na die idee dat slegs Brahman eindelik werklik is; die waarneembare, verganklike wêreld is ’n denkbeeldige verskyning van Brahman – en die ware self, of atman, verskil nie van Brahman nie.[2]
Advaita Vedanta se wortels word teruggespeur na die oudste Upanishads. Dit steun op drie teksbronne bekend as die Prasthanatrayi, wat ’n verenigde vertolking gee van al die Upanishads,[3] die Brahma Sutras en die Bhagavad Gita.[4][5] Dit is die oudste bestaande subskool van Vedanta, wat een van die ses ortdokse Hindoefilosofieë is. Die bekendste voorstander van Advaita Vedanta was die 8ste-eeuse geleerde Adi Shankara.[6][7][8]
In Advaita Vedanta word geklem gelê op die idee dat moksha (vryheid, bevryding) in hierdie lewe bereik kan word, in teenstelling met ander Indiese filosofieë wat klem lê op moksha ná die dood.[9][10] Die skool gebruik begrippe soos Brahman, atman, maya (illusie) en dhyana wat in ander Indiese godsdienstradisies aangetref word,[5][11] maar wend dit op sy eie manier aan vir sy teorieë oor moksha.[12][13] Dit is een van die bes bestudeerde en invloedrykste skole van klassieke Indiese denke.[14][15] Baie geleerdes beskryf dit as ’n vorm van monisme,[16][17] terwyl ander dit beskryf as niedualisties.[18][19]
Advaita het verskeie tradisies en geskrifte oor Hindoefilosofieë beïnvloed en is self deur hulle beïnvloed, soos Samkhya, Yoga en Nyaya, asook ander subskole van Vedanta, Vaishnavisme, Shaivisme, die Puranas, die Agamas, sowel as sosiale bewegings soos die Bhakti-beweging.[20][21][22] Dit hang saam met ander tradisies van Indië soos Djainisme en Boeddhisme.[23]
Verwysings
[wysig | wysig bron]- ↑ Deutsch 1988, p. 4.
- ↑ Deutsch 1973, p. 3, nota 2.
- ↑ Nakamura 1950a, p. 112.
- ↑ Grimes 1990, pp. 6–7.
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Sangeetha Menon (2012), Advaita Vedanta, IEP
- ↑ Olivelle 1992, pp. x–xi, 8–10, 17–18.
- ↑ Stephen Phillips (1998), Classical Indian Metaphysics, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120814899, bl. 332
- ↑ Nakamura 1950, pp. 221, 680.
- ↑ Sharma 2007, p. 4.
- ↑ Fort 1998, pp. 114–120.
- ↑ Jacqueline G. Suthren Hirst (2005). Samkara's Advaita Vedanta: A Way of Teaching. Routledge. pp. 6, 38–39, 60–63, 83–84. ISBN 978-1-134-25441-5.
- ↑ Sharma 1995, pp. 8–14, 31–34, 44–45, 176–178.
- ↑ Fost 1998, pp. 387–405.
- ↑ Indich 2000, p. vii.
- ↑ Fowler 2002, pp. 240–243.
- ↑ Sangeetha Menon (2012), Advaita Vedanta, IEP
- ↑ King 1995, p. 65.
- ↑ Deutsch 1988, p. 3.
- ↑ Joseph Milne (1997), "Advaita Vedanta and typologies of multiplicity and unity: An interpretation of nondual knowledge", International Journal of Hindu Studies, Volume 1, uitg. 1, ble. 165–188
- ↑ Novetzke 2007, pp. 255–272.
- ↑ Goodall 1996, p. xli.
- ↑ Davis 2014, pp. 13, 167 with note 21.
- ↑ Nakamura 1950, p. 691.
Bronne
[wysig | wysig bron]- Davis, Richard (2014), Ritual in an Oscillating Universe: Worshipping Siva in Medieval India, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0691603087
- Deutsch, Eliot (1973), Advaita Vedanta: A Philosophical Reconstruction, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-8248-0271-4, https://books.google.com/books?id=63gdKwhHeV0C
- Deutsch, Eliot (1988), Advaita Vedanta: A Philosophical Reconstruction, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 0-88706-662-3, https://archive.org/details/experienceofhind00zell
- Fort, Andrew (1998), Jivanmukti in Transformation: Embodied Liberation in Advaita and Neo-Vedanta, State University of New York Press, ISBN 978-0791439043
- Fost, Frederic F. (1998). "Playful Illusion: The Making of Worlds in Advaita Vedanta". Philosophy East and West. University of Hawai'i Press. 48 (3): 387–405. doi:10.2307/1400333. JSTOR 1400333.
- Fowler, Jeaneane D (2002), Perspectives of Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Hinduism, Sussex Academic Press, ISBN 978-1898723936, https://books.google.com/books?id=8dRZ4E-qgz8C[dooie skakel]
- Flood, Gavin; Olivelle, Patrick (2003). The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism. Blackwell.
- Goodall, Dominic (1996), Hindu Scriptures, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0520207783
- Grimes, John A. (1990), The seven great untenables: Sapta-vidhā anupapatti, Motilal Banarsidass
- Indich, William (2000), Consciousness in Advaita Vedanta, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120812512, https://books.google.com/books?id=7ykZjWOiBMoC
- King, Richard (1995), Early Advaita Vedānta and Buddhism: The Mahāyāna Context of the Gauḍapādīya-kārikā, SUNY Press
- Nakamura, Hajime (1950a), A History of Early Vedanta Philosophy. Part One (1990 Reprint), Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited
- Nakamura, Hajime (1950), A History of Early Vedanta Philosophy. Part Two (2004 Reprint), Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited
- Novetzke, Christian (2007), Bhakti and Its Public, International Journal of Hindu Studies, 11
- Sharma, Arvind (2007), Advaita Vedānta: An Introduction, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120820272, https://archive.org/details/advaitavedanta00arvi
- Sharma, Arvind (1995), The Philosophy of Religion and Advaita Vedanta, Penn State University Press, ISBN 978-0271028323
Skakels
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