Papers by Joel Weinberger
Three experiments showed that subliminal stimulation, delivered over the Internet, could affect e... more Three experiments showed that subliminal stimulation, delivered over the Internet, could affect evaluative responses to unknown and well-known politicians. Acknowledgements: We would like to thank Steve Prokai of Piper Computing for developing the program using Quick Time, and Larry Heiser of Heires Inc. for developing the program on Flash. We also wish to thank Phil Shaver of the University of California, Davis, and Judy Joss, J.D. for spreading word of the Gray Davis study in California. Jon Krosnick was kind enough to offer helpful suggestions on an earlier version of this manuscript. We thank him as well. Finally, we would like to thank the Web Experiment List (Rieps & Lengler, 2005) for posting our studies for us and making it easier to collect our data. Preparation of this article was supported in part by NIMH grants MH MH062377 and MH MH062378 to the second author. 2ABSTRACT Political strategists decide daily how to depict candidates. Growing recognition of the importance of ...
Consciousness and Cognition, Jun 1, 2011
We examined effects of exposure to unreportable images of spiders on approach towards a tarantula... more We examined effects of exposure to unreportable images of spiders on approach towards a tarantula. Pretests revealed awareness of the stimuli was at chance. Participants high or low (top and bottom 15%) on fear of spiders were randomly assigned to receive computer-generated exposure to unreportable pictures of spiders or outdoor scenes. They then engaged in a Behavioral Approach Task (BAT) with a live tarantula. Non-fearful participants completed more BAT items than spider-fearful individuals. Additionally, as predicted, a significant interaction (F(1,48)=5.12, p<.03) between fear of spiders and stimulus demonstrated that spider-fearful participants exposed to spiders completed more BAT items than spider-fearful participants exposed to control stimuli (but not as many as non-fearful participants). The findings support the hypothesis that exposure to unreportable feared stimuli promotes approach towards the feared object. Future research and clinical implications were discussed.
American Psychological Association eBooks, Oct 27, 2004
Handbook of Psychology, Second Edition, Sep 26, 2012
This chapter reviews psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theory and practice from both the clinical and ... more This chapter reviews psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theory and practice from both the clinical and research perspectives. The first half of the chapter focuses on the clinical history of and the various approaches to psychoanalysis. We begin with efforts to differentiate between psychoanalytic and psychodynamic approaches. Next, we focus on theoretical developments and their practice implications for different schools of psychoanalysis. The schools covered are Freudian/ego psychological, Kleinian/Bion object relations, self psychology, and interpersonal/relational. Their unique aspects are described and they are tied together through centrally shared psychoanalytic notions. There are also manuals that document the techniques and overall approach of each. The second half of the chapter focuses on the research relating to psychoanalytic treatment and tenets. The research does not exactly parallel the clinical approaches, focusing more on what all of them have in common. We also focus our review on research that is less familiar to the psychoanalytically oriented leader. Specifically, we review research on the effectiveness of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic treatment, the therapeutic relationship and transference, and unconscious processes. The latter is divided into implicit memory, implicit learning, automaticity, and the primacy of affect. Finally, we tie the two sections together and draw conclusions. Keywords: psychodynamic psychotherapy; psychoanalysis; unconscious processes; psychotherapy outcome
The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 2017
The current study examined how techniques in a psychodynamic model of therapy (Blagys and Hilsenr... more The current study examined how techniques in a psychodynamic model of therapy (Blagys and Hilsenroth, Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 7, 167-188, 2000) were related to changes in anxiety symptoms across early treatment process among a transdiagnostic sample of patients with primary anxiety disorder, subclinical anxiety disorder, and no anxiety disorder. Secondary analyses examined the use of specific psychodynamic techniques in relation to symptom change. Results revealed that therapists' use of psychodynamic-interpersonal (PI) techniques were significantly and directly related to changes in anxiety symptoms, in line with previous findings (Pitman, Slavin-Mulford, and Hilsenroth, J Nerv Ment Dis. 202, 391-396, 2014). In addition, patients with co-occurring axis I and II disorders demonstrated positive changes in anxiety symptoms regardless of level of PI technique used, whereas patients without co-occurring disorders experienced greater improvement with more PI. Implications for transdi...
Clinical Strategies for Becoming a Master Psychotherapist, 2006
... 191 Jill T. Ehrenreich, Brian A. Buzzella, and David H. Barlow 11 The Art of Evidence-Based T... more ... 191 Jill T. Ehrenreich, Brian A. Buzzella, and David H. Barlow 11 The Art of Evidence-Based Treatment of Trauma Survivors..... 211 Brett T. Litz and Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault SECTION IV Treatments of Axis II Disorders 12 Personality Diagnosis with the Shedler-Westen ...
Psychological Reports, 1987
Lloyd Silverman made significant contributions to psychoanalytic theory and research by bringing ... more Lloyd Silverman made significant contributions to psychoanalytic theory and research by bringing its propositions into the lab for empirical test. Personal memories and impressions concerning his character and idiosyncrasies are offered by a junior colleague.
Psychological Inquiry, 2001
Page 1. COMMENTARIES Science and Psychodynamics: From Arguments About Freud to Data Joel Weinberg... more Page 1. COMMENTARIES Science and Psychodynamics: From Arguments About Freud to Data Joel Weinberger Derner Institute Adelphi University ... Freud died over 60 years ago, and his work, like that of all influential thinkers, is a mixture of truth and falsehood. ...
American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis
ABSTRACT Hypnosis has been mysterious and controversial for hundreds of years. The legacy of this... more ABSTRACT Hypnosis has been mysterious and controversial for hundreds of years. The legacy of this history is still with us. The philosophy of Ryle and of Dennett argue that the usual emphasis placed on states of consciousness and privileged access is misplaced. Cognitive neuroscience supports this by showing that unconscious processes explain much of our functioning and that what we call consciousness and privileged access is illusory. Attribution theory can largely account for the subjective states that have been seen as characteristic of and unique to hypnosis. Current models of hypnosis are reviewed and shown to have maintained classic and outdated views of dissociation and/or disconnected executive systems. Normative unconscious processes can account for much of hypnotic phenomena thereby showing hypnosis to be a normative phenomenon. An unconscious need to be absorbed into or become part of something beyond the self may underlie some of the individual differences in hypnotizability.
The Art and Science of Psychotherapy, 2013
The Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 1997
Research has shown that subliminal presentation of MOMMY AND I ARE ONE (MIO) can help improve ada... more Research has shown that subliminal presentation of MOMMY AND I ARE ONE (MIO) can help improve adaptive functioning. Two experiments tried to determine whether changes in mood, especially free-response mood, could help explain these findings. In one experiment, 20 men were randomly assigned to receive either a subliminal MIO or control stimulus. Results showed predicted effects on a free-response and no effects on a self-report mood measure. In the other experiment, 54 male subjects randomly received one of three subliminal stimuli. They evidenced the same pattern of mood results. Sentential semantics were shown to be relevant to the obtained results. Ascending threshold and 150 forced-choice discrimination trials demonstrated that subjects could not report stimulus content. It was concluded that MIO effects were attributable to unconscious processing of the entire message and that free-response mood may partly mediate these effects. Suggestions for future research were offered.
Abstract:[en] This study provides evidence that positive self-statements can increase mood among ... more Abstract:[en] This study provides evidence that positive self-statements can increase mood among unhappy people if they are presented subliminally. In study 1, participants with low and high levels of dispositional happiness were presented subliminally with the two words I AM which were immediately paired with a positive word. Results revealed that being exposed to subliminal positive self-statements seems to provide a boost in mood for people with less happy dispositions. Surprisingly, opposite effects were found for participants who ...
Implicit Motives, 2010
Those who study implicit motives and those who study clinical psychology are often ignorant of on... more Those who study implicit motives and those who study clinical psychology are often ignorant of one another’s work. Yet, they have much to offer one another. Satisfying dominant implicit motives results in a sense of well-being. Frustrating them results in unhappiness and even psychopathology. The interaction of explicit motives and implicit motives is also clinically relevant. When they are in harmony, the outcome is usually positive; when they conflict, negative outcomes ensue. Models by Kuhl and by Freud are reviewed to explain these findings. Kuhl’s is shown to have empirical support. Freud’s has not yet been adequately tested. The next focus is on psychotherapeutic treatment. The most clearly established variable underlying successful psychotherapy is the therapeutic relationship. The therapeutic relationship may be partly understood through implicit motivation. It is argued that the oneness motive, an implicit motive revolving around a need to belong to or be part of something ...
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Papers by Joel Weinberger