腦深層刺激

腦深層刺激nou5 sam1 cang4 ci3 gik1（英文：deep brain stimulation，DBS）係一種神經外科技術，源於廿世紀中。腦深層刺激涉及開刀將電極安全噉植入去病人嘅腦嗰度，並且透過呢啲電極嚟持續噉刺激個病人嘅特定腦區，通常係攞嚟醫某啲心理病嘅。

例如有研究抑鬱症嘅科學家就對 DBS 有興趣：抑鬱症嘅其中一個病徵係失樂（anhedonia），指病人對原本有興趣嘅活動（例如係不嬲玩開嘅嗜好）失去興趣，而神經科學研究表明，抑鬱症往往涉及多個犒賞系統腦區－包括前額皮層同 NAc（會幫手產生快感嘅腦區）呀噉^[1]－活動弱得滯，所以呢啲科學家就喺度諗緊試吓用 DBS 嘅技術，用電極刺激抑鬱症病人嘅 NAc 等嘅腦區，而廿一世紀初嘅研究發現，呢種做法的確有助舒緩抑鬱症嘅失樂症狀^[2]^[3]。

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↑ Bewernick, B. H., Kayser, S., Sturm, V., & Schlaepfer, T. E. (2012). Long-term effects of nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation in treatment-resistant depression: evidence for sustained efficacy (PDF). Neuropsychopharmacology, 37(9), 1975-1985.
↑ Schlaepfer, T. E., Cohen, M. X., Frick, C., Kosel, M., Brodesser, D., Axmacher, N., ... & Sturm, V. (2008). Deep brain stimulation to reward circuitry alleviates anhedonia in refractory major depression (PDF). Neuropsychopharmacology, 33(2), 368-377.
↑ Schlaepfer, T. E., Bewernick, B. H., Kayser, S., Hurlemann, R., & Coenen, V. A. (2014). Deep brain stimulation of the human reward system for major depression - rationale, outcomes and outlook (PDF). Neuropsychopharmacology, 39(6), 1303-1314.

呢篇同醫學相關係楔位文。歡迎幫維基百科擴寫佢。

[1] Bewernick, B. H., Kayser, S., Sturm, V., & Schlaepfer, T. E. (2012). Long-term effects of nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation in treatment-resistant depression: evidence for sustained efficacy (PDF). Neuropsychopharmacology, 37(9), 1975-1985.

[2] Schlaepfer, T. E., Cohen, M. X., Frick, C., Kosel, M., Brodesser, D., Axmacher, N., ... & Sturm, V. (2008). Deep brain stimulation to reward circuitry alleviates anhedonia in refractory major depression (PDF). Neuropsychopharmacology, 33(2), 368-377.

[3] Schlaepfer, T. E., Bewernick, B. H., Kayser, S., Hurlemann, R., & Coenen, V. A. (2014). Deep brain stimulation of the human reward system for major depression - rationale, outcomes and outlook (PDF). Neuropsychopharmacology, 39(6), 1303-1314.

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