This article explores the potential emergence of religious behavior in artificial
intelligence (A... more This article explores the potential emergence of religious behavior in artificial intelligence (AI) through the lens of embodied cognition, which asserts that cognitive functions are deeply intertwined with bodily experiences. It examines the convergence of AI, soft robotics, and religious cognitive behaviors and suggests that AI, once it attains human-level intelligence and self-awareness, might exhibit religious behaviors as a cognitive strategy to confront and transcend finitude. Drawing on neuroscientific, philosophical, and religious discussions, with particular reference to the works of Kingson Man, Antonio Damasio, Uffe Schjødt, and William Sims Bainbridge, this article investigates how religious behaviors could arise in AI equipped with a vulnerable artificial body inclined towards homeostasis and self-preservation. The outcomes of this exploration extend beyond theoretical debates, as they provide insights into the physicalist understanding of consciousness and the naturalistic study of religious behaviors while also considering some technological constraints in the context of AI advancements.
Christians today are encountering new technologies such as gene editing via CRISPR-Cas9, designer... more Christians today are encountering new technologies such as gene editing via CRISPR-Cas9, designer babies, and anti-aging medical technology. These technical efforts are designed to enhance the physical properties of humans. Should we be vigilant about any aspects of these new technologies? Are we happy with these technologies? No, we are not happy about all of these developments. We need to critically examine some of the philosophical ideas embedded in the development and application of these technologies. This article aims to rebut the mechanical understanding of the human being that is implicitly embedded in the discourse on the technology. The author proposes naturalism as the cause of the emergence of the mechanical understanding of the human being, which has led to the reduction and negation of the nonphysical aspects of human existence. Due to the elimination of the universal and nonphysical reality of the meaning, value, and telos of human existence and the reduction of such realities to physical reality, what is valuable, meaningful, and good has become limited to that which is involved with something physical. In this way, technology has come to be very important, and the act of thinking has been reduced to the act of technical reasoning. Thus, the human being is construed as a purely physical, mathematical, and geometrical being-as a machine. In order to retrieve a holistic understanding of the human, therefore, it is necessary to reject the reduction of the nonphysical to the physical and thereby retrieve the inherent nonphysical aspects of the human being. This effort will help to re-enchant human beings and to provide theological and ethical rationale for preventing imprudent technological development and its application to humans.
현재의 생태위기는 주어진 자연을 하나의 존재 그 자체로 인식하지 않고, 인간번영을 위한 수단과 대상으로 인식하게 한 인간-중심주의와 그로부터 발생한 무분별한 개발의 결과이다.... more 현재의 생태위기는 주어진 자연을 하나의 존재 그 자체로 인식하지 않고, 인간번영을 위한 수단과 대상으로 인식하게 한 인간-중심주의와 그로부터 발생한 무분별한 개발의 결과이다. 본 논문은 위기 상황에서 신학이 생태윤리적으로 기여할 수 있는 바를 모색한다. 구체적으로 논문은 기존의 인간-중심주의로부터 벗어나 신-중심주의로 관점을 전환할 것을 요청한다. 신-중심주의는 자연적 실재를 인간의 관점이 아닌 하나님의 관점으로 이해하게 한다. 이러한 방식의 바라봄은 자연적 실재 또한 그것 자체로 독립된 존재이며 하나님의 종말론적 공동체의 일원임을 밝혀준다. 인간에 의해 무분별하게 착취당하고 파괴된 자연적 실재는 인간이 아닌 하나님을 위해 존재한다. 다시 말해, 자연은 인간을 위한 대상이 아니라 하나님의 페리코레시스적 사귐의 파트너로서 존중 받아야 될 존재이다. 이러한 주장을 피력하기 위해 본 논문은 먼저 위르겐 몰트만의 케노시스 창조론과 종말론을 살펴본다. 몰트만은 기존의 창조론을 종말론적 빛 안에서 재해석한다. 이는 인간이 종말론적 하나님 나라의 중심이 아니라 하나님이 그 중심이며, 도래하는 종말론적 하나님 나라가 페리코레시스적 사귐의 공동체임을 드러낸다. 몰트만의 종말론적 창조 이해는 위기 상황에 놓인 자연적 실재에 대한 인간의 인식 전환과 윤리적 실천을 독려한다. 나아가 본 논문은 미래로부터 도래하는 하나님 나라에 대한 경험과 신앙이 인간으로 하여금 인간-중심주의를 벗어나 생태위기 상황 해결을 위한 윤리적 행위를 일으킨다는 테드 피터스의 종말론적 윤리를 살펴본다. 그의 구체적인 실천 방안들을 살펴봄으로써 종말론적 이해 안에서 제시되는 윤리가 현 생태위기 문제를 해결하는데 일조할 수 있음을 피력한다.
Paul Tillich’s theology is often misapprehended as merely proposing the Christian symbol “God” to... more Paul Tillich’s theology is often misapprehended as merely proposing the Christian symbol “God” to the existential question. This essay aims to remove such a narrowed understanding. Tillich’s theology demarcates the expansion of naturalism, retrieves the transcendental aspect of reality, and thereby affirms the possibility of theological voices in public realm. For Tillich highlights different academic disciplines corresponding to epistemic objects as well as their synthesis. Since reality comprises multiple realms, without some pertinent discipline understanding the reality as a whole can be distorted. The thought is heavily influenced by Edmund Husserl although there have not been much preceding researches on such an influence. It is necessary to explore Husserl’s phenomenology first to understand Tillich’s theology properly. This essay shall examine some concepts of Husserl’s “experience,” “regard,” “appearance,” “transcendental ego,” and “objectivating attitude” that influenced on Tillich’s thought. This study shall give rise to a robust understanding of Tillich’s theology and its legitimacy in terms of promoting the interdisciplinary study and advocating the public efficacy of theology.
Korea Presbyterian Journal of Theology, Jun 30, 2018
This article examines the possibility of an interdisciplinary study between natural science and t... more This article examines the possibility of an interdisciplinary study between natural science and theology. Reality that is given universally to all epistemic subjects comprises physical reality, which is the research object of natural science, and transcendental reality, which is the object of theology. If the physical reality is God’s creation, theological doctrines can be reconsidered and reformulated in light of the scientific understanding of nature. Going further, in an opposite direction, a new scientific research program can be initiated based on the theological understanding of nature. In this regard, the article claims that the interdisciplinary study is possible, and that such an interaction should be promoted in order for a holistic vision of the reality. To this end, this research investigates on Robert J. Russell’s “Creative Mutual Interaction” methodology. Specifically, the article examines Russell himself and his Center for Theology and Natural Science first; it explores some concepts, in order, such as critical realism, emergent monism, the hierarchy of disciplines, theology of nature, and Imre Lakatos’ scientific research program methodology that are embedded in Russell’s methodology. After that, this research discloses how Russell’s method brings about the interdisciplinary study. The article will be able to build up a methodological foundation for further interactions and following systematic studies between science and theology.
ABSTRACT Non-interventionist objective divine action (NIODA) theories proposed by eminent scholar... more ABSTRACT Non-interventionist objective divine action (NIODA) theories proposed by eminent scholars are often misconstrued as the causal joint theory. This misunderstanding is derived from the absence of a detailed, systematic examination of divine action theories. This article explores one of the NIODA proposals, namely, Arthur Peacocke's divine action model. Up until now, research on Peacocke's divine action model has been focused on particular aspects. This article contributes by introducing and elaborating on Peacocke's theology of science and by correcting misconceptions in ongoing divine action studies.
Life emerged on Earth approximately 4.1 billion years ago. Current scholarship on the origin of l... more Life emerged on Earth approximately 4.1 billion years ago. Current scholarship on the origin of life supports the RNA world scenario, although controversy still goes on. This article examines the origin issue in light of a divine action theory proposed by Robert J. Russell. Although the author himself has not much considered the issue in light of the divine action, the article is still fruitful in the sense that the origin of life issue is now incorporated into the dialogue with divine action, and also that Russell's divine action theory can be reconsidered in a new context.
An embedded danger in transhumanism is the self-centered epistemology. The first-person perspecti... more An embedded danger in transhumanism is the self-centered epistemology. The first-person perspective in the act of knowing, although it is unnecessary in principle, has brought about the first and only perspective on the act of being. An alternative-robust epistemology that reinstates the finitude of the self and incorporates a holistic vision of being is needed. This article proposes a Korean theological epistemology, the theology of xiang, coined and proposed by Heup Young Kim. The proposal will contribute to situating transhumanism and its technological progress in light of the community of beings rather than in light of isolated islands of individuals.
Neue Zeitschrift für Systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie, Aug 1, 2022
Summary Humans are now entering a post-human era. Through technological advancements and their ap... more Summary Humans are now entering a post-human era. Through technological advancements and their applications for humans themselves, humans as homo sapiens might change into a different species. Depending on individual decisions about whether to embrace certain technologies, the co-existence of humans and post-humans is also possible. Christians and theologians must ponder this trajectory for the technology will affect all domains, including religions, in society at large. In this regard, this article introduces and examines transhumanism. Transhumanism is a movement based on the convergence of ideology and scientific technology which aims to liberate humans from their biological constraints (i. e., disease, aging, and death), thereby bringing about human well-being. This article argues that the transhumanist ideology should be critically examined while its technology can be embraced and even supported from a theological perspective because this ideology determines the direction of technological advancement and application. Regarding ideological problems, I highlight transhumanists’ disembodiment propensity, optimistic belief in the progress of human civilization, and individualism. These features are embedded in and originate from transhumanism’s succession of classical humanism and the Enlightenment. If these features are not rectified, transhumanism and its technology might repeat disastrous incidents in human history such as eugenics and exacerbate social inequality. As a theologian, I critically examine the ideological features of transhumanism, proposing an alternative understanding with regard to human beings and existence. This effort helps to remedy potential problems of transhumanism in the future, relieve anxiety relating to these problems, and prepare a dialogue between transhumanism and Christian theology. This dialogue will eventually contribute to the robust development of transhumanism and the opening of a new era of the post-human.
Neue Zeitschrift für Systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie
Summary Humans are now entering a post-human era. Through technological advancements and their ap... more Summary Humans are now entering a post-human era. Through technological advancements and their applications for humans themselves, humans as homo sapiens might change into a different species. Depending on individual decisions about whether to embrace certain technologies, the co-existence of humans and post-humans is also possible. Christians and theologians must ponder this trajectory for the technology will affect all domains, including religions, in society at large. In this regard, this article introduces and examines transhumanism. Transhumanism is a movement based on the convergence of ideology and scientific technology which aims to liberate humans from their biological constraints (i. e., disease, aging, and death), thereby bringing about human well-being. This article argues that the transhumanist ideology should be critically examined while its technology can be embraced and even supported from a theological perspective because this ideology determines the direction of te...
현재의 생태위기는 주어진 자연을 하나의 존재 그 자체로 인식하지 않고, 인간번영을 위한 수단과 대상으로 인식하게 한 인간-중심주의와 그로부터 발생한 무분별한 개발의 결과이다.... more 현재의 생태위기는 주어진 자연을 하나의 존재 그 자체로 인식하지 않고, 인간번영을 위한 수단과 대상으로 인식하게 한 인간-중심주의와 그로부터 발생한 무분별한 개발의 결과이다. 본 논문은 위기 상황에서 신학이 생태윤리적으로 기여할 수 있는 바를 모색한다. 구체적으로 논문은 기존의 인간-중심주의로부터 벗어나 신-중심주의로 관점을 전환할 것을 요청한다. 신-중심주의는 자연적 실재를 인간의 관점이 아닌 하나님의 관점으로 이해하게 한다. 이러한 방식의 바라봄은 자연적 실재 또한 그것 자체로 독립된 존재이며 하나님의 종말론적 공동체의 일원임을 밝혀준다. 인간에 의해 무분별하게 착취당하고 파괴된 자연적 실재는 인간이 아닌 하나님을 위해 존재한다. 다시 말해, 자연은 인간을 위한 대상이 아니라 하나님의 페리코레시스적 사귐의 파트너로서 존중 받아야 될 존재이다. 이러한 주장을 피력하기 위해 본 논문은 먼저 위르겐 몰트만의 케노시스 창조론과 종말론을 살펴본다. 몰트만은 기존의 창조론을 종말론적 빛 안에서 재해석한다. 이는 인간이 종말론적 하나님 나라의 중심이 아니라 하나님이 그 중심이며, 도래하는 종말론적 하나님 나라가 페리코레시스적 사귐의 공동체임을 드러낸다. 몰트만의 종말론적 창조 이해는 위기 상황에 놓인 자연적 실재에 대한 인간의 인식 전환과 윤리적 실천을 독려한다. 나아가 본 논문은 미래로부터 도래하는 하나님 나라에 대한 경험과 신앙이 인간으로 하여금 인간-중심주의를 벗어나 생태위기 상황 해결을 위한 윤리적 행위를 일으킨다는 테드 피터스의 종말론적 윤리를 살펴본다. 그의 구체적인 실천 방안들을 살펴봄으로써 종말론적 이해 안에서 제시되는 윤리가 현 생태위기 문제를 해결하는데 일조할 수 있음을 피력한다.
An interaction between Natural science and Theology is necessary? My answer is yes. If the given ... more An interaction between Natural science and Theology is necessary? My answer is yes. If the given reality is God‟s creation as Christian theology claims, the world is an intricate whole emerging out of the interactions of the finite and the infinite. Natural science addresses the finite such as causal nexus in nature, whereas Theology describes the infinite disclosed from revelatory experiences. Without one or the other, only a partial disclosure of the reality is possible, for what Natural science and Theology deal with respectively are both „real‟. To retrieve the holistic vision of the reality as it is, one must pursue the correlation of the disciplines. To this end, this article proposes Tillich‟s correlative epistemology as a relevant theory that promotes the interdisciplinary study between Theology and Natural science. Specifically, I will examine Tillich‟s concept of reason and revelation, and then the possibility of an interaction between Science and Theology based on Tillich...
This article explores the potential emergence of religious behavior in artificial
intelligence (A... more This article explores the potential emergence of religious behavior in artificial intelligence (AI) through the lens of embodied cognition, which asserts that cognitive functions are deeply intertwined with bodily experiences. It examines the convergence of AI, soft robotics, and religious cognitive behaviors and suggests that AI, once it attains human-level intelligence and self-awareness, might exhibit religious behaviors as a cognitive strategy to confront and transcend finitude. Drawing on neuroscientific, philosophical, and religious discussions, with particular reference to the works of Kingson Man, Antonio Damasio, Uffe Schjødt, and William Sims Bainbridge, this article investigates how religious behaviors could arise in AI equipped with a vulnerable artificial body inclined towards homeostasis and self-preservation. The outcomes of this exploration extend beyond theoretical debates, as they provide insights into the physicalist understanding of consciousness and the naturalistic study of religious behaviors while also considering some technological constraints in the context of AI advancements.
Christians today are encountering new technologies such as gene editing via CRISPR-Cas9, designer... more Christians today are encountering new technologies such as gene editing via CRISPR-Cas9, designer babies, and anti-aging medical technology. These technical efforts are designed to enhance the physical properties of humans. Should we be vigilant about any aspects of these new technologies? Are we happy with these technologies? No, we are not happy about all of these developments. We need to critically examine some of the philosophical ideas embedded in the development and application of these technologies. This article aims to rebut the mechanical understanding of the human being that is implicitly embedded in the discourse on the technology. The author proposes naturalism as the cause of the emergence of the mechanical understanding of the human being, which has led to the reduction and negation of the nonphysical aspects of human existence. Due to the elimination of the universal and nonphysical reality of the meaning, value, and telos of human existence and the reduction of such realities to physical reality, what is valuable, meaningful, and good has become limited to that which is involved with something physical. In this way, technology has come to be very important, and the act of thinking has been reduced to the act of technical reasoning. Thus, the human being is construed as a purely physical, mathematical, and geometrical being-as a machine. In order to retrieve a holistic understanding of the human, therefore, it is necessary to reject the reduction of the nonphysical to the physical and thereby retrieve the inherent nonphysical aspects of the human being. This effort will help to re-enchant human beings and to provide theological and ethical rationale for preventing imprudent technological development and its application to humans.
현재의 생태위기는 주어진 자연을 하나의 존재 그 자체로 인식하지 않고, 인간번영을 위한 수단과 대상으로 인식하게 한 인간-중심주의와 그로부터 발생한 무분별한 개발의 결과이다.... more 현재의 생태위기는 주어진 자연을 하나의 존재 그 자체로 인식하지 않고, 인간번영을 위한 수단과 대상으로 인식하게 한 인간-중심주의와 그로부터 발생한 무분별한 개발의 결과이다. 본 논문은 위기 상황에서 신학이 생태윤리적으로 기여할 수 있는 바를 모색한다. 구체적으로 논문은 기존의 인간-중심주의로부터 벗어나 신-중심주의로 관점을 전환할 것을 요청한다. 신-중심주의는 자연적 실재를 인간의 관점이 아닌 하나님의 관점으로 이해하게 한다. 이러한 방식의 바라봄은 자연적 실재 또한 그것 자체로 독립된 존재이며 하나님의 종말론적 공동체의 일원임을 밝혀준다. 인간에 의해 무분별하게 착취당하고 파괴된 자연적 실재는 인간이 아닌 하나님을 위해 존재한다. 다시 말해, 자연은 인간을 위한 대상이 아니라 하나님의 페리코레시스적 사귐의 파트너로서 존중 받아야 될 존재이다. 이러한 주장을 피력하기 위해 본 논문은 먼저 위르겐 몰트만의 케노시스 창조론과 종말론을 살펴본다. 몰트만은 기존의 창조론을 종말론적 빛 안에서 재해석한다. 이는 인간이 종말론적 하나님 나라의 중심이 아니라 하나님이 그 중심이며, 도래하는 종말론적 하나님 나라가 페리코레시스적 사귐의 공동체임을 드러낸다. 몰트만의 종말론적 창조 이해는 위기 상황에 놓인 자연적 실재에 대한 인간의 인식 전환과 윤리적 실천을 독려한다. 나아가 본 논문은 미래로부터 도래하는 하나님 나라에 대한 경험과 신앙이 인간으로 하여금 인간-중심주의를 벗어나 생태위기 상황 해결을 위한 윤리적 행위를 일으킨다는 테드 피터스의 종말론적 윤리를 살펴본다. 그의 구체적인 실천 방안들을 살펴봄으로써 종말론적 이해 안에서 제시되는 윤리가 현 생태위기 문제를 해결하는데 일조할 수 있음을 피력한다.
Paul Tillich’s theology is often misapprehended as merely proposing the Christian symbol “God” to... more Paul Tillich’s theology is often misapprehended as merely proposing the Christian symbol “God” to the existential question. This essay aims to remove such a narrowed understanding. Tillich’s theology demarcates the expansion of naturalism, retrieves the transcendental aspect of reality, and thereby affirms the possibility of theological voices in public realm. For Tillich highlights different academic disciplines corresponding to epistemic objects as well as their synthesis. Since reality comprises multiple realms, without some pertinent discipline understanding the reality as a whole can be distorted. The thought is heavily influenced by Edmund Husserl although there have not been much preceding researches on such an influence. It is necessary to explore Husserl’s phenomenology first to understand Tillich’s theology properly. This essay shall examine some concepts of Husserl’s “experience,” “regard,” “appearance,” “transcendental ego,” and “objectivating attitude” that influenced on Tillich’s thought. This study shall give rise to a robust understanding of Tillich’s theology and its legitimacy in terms of promoting the interdisciplinary study and advocating the public efficacy of theology.
Korea Presbyterian Journal of Theology, Jun 30, 2018
This article examines the possibility of an interdisciplinary study between natural science and t... more This article examines the possibility of an interdisciplinary study between natural science and theology. Reality that is given universally to all epistemic subjects comprises physical reality, which is the research object of natural science, and transcendental reality, which is the object of theology. If the physical reality is God’s creation, theological doctrines can be reconsidered and reformulated in light of the scientific understanding of nature. Going further, in an opposite direction, a new scientific research program can be initiated based on the theological understanding of nature. In this regard, the article claims that the interdisciplinary study is possible, and that such an interaction should be promoted in order for a holistic vision of the reality. To this end, this research investigates on Robert J. Russell’s “Creative Mutual Interaction” methodology. Specifically, the article examines Russell himself and his Center for Theology and Natural Science first; it explores some concepts, in order, such as critical realism, emergent monism, the hierarchy of disciplines, theology of nature, and Imre Lakatos’ scientific research program methodology that are embedded in Russell’s methodology. After that, this research discloses how Russell’s method brings about the interdisciplinary study. The article will be able to build up a methodological foundation for further interactions and following systematic studies between science and theology.
ABSTRACT Non-interventionist objective divine action (NIODA) theories proposed by eminent scholar... more ABSTRACT Non-interventionist objective divine action (NIODA) theories proposed by eminent scholars are often misconstrued as the causal joint theory. This misunderstanding is derived from the absence of a detailed, systematic examination of divine action theories. This article explores one of the NIODA proposals, namely, Arthur Peacocke's divine action model. Up until now, research on Peacocke's divine action model has been focused on particular aspects. This article contributes by introducing and elaborating on Peacocke's theology of science and by correcting misconceptions in ongoing divine action studies.
Life emerged on Earth approximately 4.1 billion years ago. Current scholarship on the origin of l... more Life emerged on Earth approximately 4.1 billion years ago. Current scholarship on the origin of life supports the RNA world scenario, although controversy still goes on. This article examines the origin issue in light of a divine action theory proposed by Robert J. Russell. Although the author himself has not much considered the issue in light of the divine action, the article is still fruitful in the sense that the origin of life issue is now incorporated into the dialogue with divine action, and also that Russell's divine action theory can be reconsidered in a new context.
An embedded danger in transhumanism is the self-centered epistemology. The first-person perspecti... more An embedded danger in transhumanism is the self-centered epistemology. The first-person perspective in the act of knowing, although it is unnecessary in principle, has brought about the first and only perspective on the act of being. An alternative-robust epistemology that reinstates the finitude of the self and incorporates a holistic vision of being is needed. This article proposes a Korean theological epistemology, the theology of xiang, coined and proposed by Heup Young Kim. The proposal will contribute to situating transhumanism and its technological progress in light of the community of beings rather than in light of isolated islands of individuals.
Neue Zeitschrift für Systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie, Aug 1, 2022
Summary Humans are now entering a post-human era. Through technological advancements and their ap... more Summary Humans are now entering a post-human era. Through technological advancements and their applications for humans themselves, humans as homo sapiens might change into a different species. Depending on individual decisions about whether to embrace certain technologies, the co-existence of humans and post-humans is also possible. Christians and theologians must ponder this trajectory for the technology will affect all domains, including religions, in society at large. In this regard, this article introduces and examines transhumanism. Transhumanism is a movement based on the convergence of ideology and scientific technology which aims to liberate humans from their biological constraints (i. e., disease, aging, and death), thereby bringing about human well-being. This article argues that the transhumanist ideology should be critically examined while its technology can be embraced and even supported from a theological perspective because this ideology determines the direction of technological advancement and application. Regarding ideological problems, I highlight transhumanists’ disembodiment propensity, optimistic belief in the progress of human civilization, and individualism. These features are embedded in and originate from transhumanism’s succession of classical humanism and the Enlightenment. If these features are not rectified, transhumanism and its technology might repeat disastrous incidents in human history such as eugenics and exacerbate social inequality. As a theologian, I critically examine the ideological features of transhumanism, proposing an alternative understanding with regard to human beings and existence. This effort helps to remedy potential problems of transhumanism in the future, relieve anxiety relating to these problems, and prepare a dialogue between transhumanism and Christian theology. This dialogue will eventually contribute to the robust development of transhumanism and the opening of a new era of the post-human.
Neue Zeitschrift für Systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie
Summary Humans are now entering a post-human era. Through technological advancements and their ap... more Summary Humans are now entering a post-human era. Through technological advancements and their applications for humans themselves, humans as homo sapiens might change into a different species. Depending on individual decisions about whether to embrace certain technologies, the co-existence of humans and post-humans is also possible. Christians and theologians must ponder this trajectory for the technology will affect all domains, including religions, in society at large. In this regard, this article introduces and examines transhumanism. Transhumanism is a movement based on the convergence of ideology and scientific technology which aims to liberate humans from their biological constraints (i. e., disease, aging, and death), thereby bringing about human well-being. This article argues that the transhumanist ideology should be critically examined while its technology can be embraced and even supported from a theological perspective because this ideology determines the direction of te...
현재의 생태위기는 주어진 자연을 하나의 존재 그 자체로 인식하지 않고, 인간번영을 위한 수단과 대상으로 인식하게 한 인간-중심주의와 그로부터 발생한 무분별한 개발의 결과이다.... more 현재의 생태위기는 주어진 자연을 하나의 존재 그 자체로 인식하지 않고, 인간번영을 위한 수단과 대상으로 인식하게 한 인간-중심주의와 그로부터 발생한 무분별한 개발의 결과이다. 본 논문은 위기 상황에서 신학이 생태윤리적으로 기여할 수 있는 바를 모색한다. 구체적으로 논문은 기존의 인간-중심주의로부터 벗어나 신-중심주의로 관점을 전환할 것을 요청한다. 신-중심주의는 자연적 실재를 인간의 관점이 아닌 하나님의 관점으로 이해하게 한다. 이러한 방식의 바라봄은 자연적 실재 또한 그것 자체로 독립된 존재이며 하나님의 종말론적 공동체의 일원임을 밝혀준다. 인간에 의해 무분별하게 착취당하고 파괴된 자연적 실재는 인간이 아닌 하나님을 위해 존재한다. 다시 말해, 자연은 인간을 위한 대상이 아니라 하나님의 페리코레시스적 사귐의 파트너로서 존중 받아야 될 존재이다. 이러한 주장을 피력하기 위해 본 논문은 먼저 위르겐 몰트만의 케노시스 창조론과 종말론을 살펴본다. 몰트만은 기존의 창조론을 종말론적 빛 안에서 재해석한다. 이는 인간이 종말론적 하나님 나라의 중심이 아니라 하나님이 그 중심이며, 도래하는 종말론적 하나님 나라가 페리코레시스적 사귐의 공동체임을 드러낸다. 몰트만의 종말론적 창조 이해는 위기 상황에 놓인 자연적 실재에 대한 인간의 인식 전환과 윤리적 실천을 독려한다. 나아가 본 논문은 미래로부터 도래하는 하나님 나라에 대한 경험과 신앙이 인간으로 하여금 인간-중심주의를 벗어나 생태위기 상황 해결을 위한 윤리적 행위를 일으킨다는 테드 피터스의 종말론적 윤리를 살펴본다. 그의 구체적인 실천 방안들을 살펴봄으로써 종말론적 이해 안에서 제시되는 윤리가 현 생태위기 문제를 해결하는데 일조할 수 있음을 피력한다.
An interaction between Natural science and Theology is necessary? My answer is yes. If the given ... more An interaction between Natural science and Theology is necessary? My answer is yes. If the given reality is God‟s creation as Christian theology claims, the world is an intricate whole emerging out of the interactions of the finite and the infinite. Natural science addresses the finite such as causal nexus in nature, whereas Theology describes the infinite disclosed from revelatory experiences. Without one or the other, only a partial disclosure of the reality is possible, for what Natural science and Theology deal with respectively are both „real‟. To retrieve the holistic vision of the reality as it is, one must pursue the correlation of the disciplines. To this end, this article proposes Tillich‟s correlative epistemology as a relevant theory that promotes the interdisciplinary study between Theology and Natural science. Specifically, I will examine Tillich‟s concept of reason and revelation, and then the possibility of an interaction between Science and Theology based on Tillich...
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Papers by Daekyung Jung
intelligence (AI) through the lens of embodied cognition, which asserts that
cognitive functions are deeply intertwined with bodily experiences. It examines the convergence of AI, soft robotics, and religious cognitive behaviors and suggests that AI, once it attains human-level intelligence and self-awareness, might exhibit religious behaviors as a cognitive strategy to confront and transcend finitude. Drawing on neuroscientific, philosophical, and religious discussions, with particular reference to the works of Kingson Man, Antonio Damasio, Uffe Schjødt, and William Sims Bainbridge, this article investigates how religious behaviors could arise in AI equipped with a vulnerable artificial body inclined towards homeostasis and self-preservation. The outcomes of this exploration extend beyond theoretical debates, as they provide insights into the physicalist understanding of consciousness and the naturalistic study of religious behaviors while also considering some technological constraints in the context of AI advancements.
intelligence (AI) through the lens of embodied cognition, which asserts that
cognitive functions are deeply intertwined with bodily experiences. It examines the convergence of AI, soft robotics, and religious cognitive behaviors and suggests that AI, once it attains human-level intelligence and self-awareness, might exhibit religious behaviors as a cognitive strategy to confront and transcend finitude. Drawing on neuroscientific, philosophical, and religious discussions, with particular reference to the works of Kingson Man, Antonio Damasio, Uffe Schjødt, and William Sims Bainbridge, this article investigates how religious behaviors could arise in AI equipped with a vulnerable artificial body inclined towards homeostasis and self-preservation. The outcomes of this exploration extend beyond theoretical debates, as they provide insights into the physicalist understanding of consciousness and the naturalistic study of religious behaviors while also considering some technological constraints in the context of AI advancements.