India-Japan-ASEAN Triangularity : Emergence of a Possible Indo-Pacific Axis?, 2022
The 1 Indo-Pacific 2 is thought to consist of three partially overlapping wide area or macro regi... more The 1 Indo-Pacific 2 is thought to consist of three partially overlapping wide area or macro regions. That is, the Pacific Rim, East Asia and the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). The degree of progress of the fusion of these three regions varies, and at present it is appropriate to think of the Indo-Pacific as a super-region according to Medcalf (2016). 3 Of these three regions, Japan belongs to the Pacific Rim and East Asia 4 and India belongs to the Indian Ocean region, but only ASEAN belongs to all of them. 5 All ASEAN countries belong to East Asia, with nine facing the Pacific Rim and five facing the Indian Ocean. 6 Since these regions overlap each other, the spillover effects are likely to be shared as regionalization and regionalism progress in each region. The most prominent example is East Asia. After the end of World War II, this was divided into two regions, Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia, but these gradually merged and are now considered one region again. And with the creation and development of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), East Asia became more integrated into the Pacific Rim, and Asia-Pacific came to be seen as another region. In addition, East Asia is moving closer to South Asia due to the establishment of the ARF and East Asia Summit and the expansion of economic relations. Of course, it is necessary to consider the region from the perspective of not only political economy but also security. In terms of security, including economic securitization, Buzan said that Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia and Oceania had become in effect an East Asia regional security complex by the mid-1990s. He added that South Asia and East Asia have strong security interrelationships, especially with China's intervention. On top of that, if the economic securitization particular to East Asia spreads to South Asia in the future, East Asia and South Asia would be integrated into an Asian security complex. 7 If East and South Asia become one region in economic as well as security terms, this integrated Asia is likely to be the core of the Indo-Pacific. China, which increasingly challenges the United States on a global level, Japan and India, which have the capability to exert influence over multiple regions, and
India-Japan-ASEAN Triangularity : Emergence of a Possible Indo-Pacific Axis?, 2022
The 1 Indo-Pacific 2 is thought to consist of three partially overlapping wide area or macro regi... more The 1 Indo-Pacific 2 is thought to consist of three partially overlapping wide area or macro regions. That is, the Pacific Rim, East Asia and the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). The degree of progress of the fusion of these three regions varies, and at present it is appropriate to think of the Indo-Pacific as a super-region according to Medcalf (2016). 3 Of these three regions, Japan belongs to the Pacific Rim and East Asia 4 and India belongs to the Indian Ocean region, but only ASEAN belongs to all of them. 5 All ASEAN countries belong to East Asia, with nine facing the Pacific Rim and five facing the Indian Ocean. 6 Since these regions overlap each other, the spillover effects are likely to be shared as regionalization and regionalism progress in each region. The most prominent example is East Asia. After the end of World War II, this was divided into two regions, Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia, but these gradually merged and are now considered one region again. And with the creation and development of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), East Asia became more integrated into the Pacific Rim, and Asia-Pacific came to be seen as another region. In addition, East Asia is moving closer to South Asia due to the establishment of the ARF and East Asia Summit and the expansion of economic relations. Of course, it is necessary to consider the region from the perspective of not only political economy but also security. In terms of security, including economic securitization, Buzan said that Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia and Oceania had become in effect an East Asia regional security complex by the mid-1990s. He added that South Asia and East Asia have strong security interrelationships, especially with China's intervention. On top of that, if the economic securitization particular to East Asia spreads to South Asia in the future, East Asia and South Asia would be integrated into an Asian security complex. 7 If East and South Asia become one region in economic as well as security terms, this integrated Asia is likely to be the core of the Indo-Pacific. China, which increasingly challenges the United States on a global level, Japan and India, which have the capability to exert influence over multiple regions, and
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Papers by Takaaki Oiwa