The Nigerian state over time have witnessed an increasing novel security issues that make the cal... more The Nigerian state over time have witnessed an increasing novel security issues that make the calls for military involvement on existing and emerging non-traditional security issues through Internal Security Operations (ISOPs) inevitable as these issues continues to metamorphosed revealing their high level belligerencies continually.In view of the aforementioned issues and many others, this paper adopts the empirical qualitative method to underscores Nigeria’s military security issues (MSIs) and the challenge of internal security operations (ISOPs) in establishing a clear understanding of existing military security issues, causes, challenges and implications of military involvement in internal security operations (ISOPs).The overarching theme of our findings would be that the Nigeria’s peculiar historical experience and security reality is that which has compelled military involvement in ISOPs and these issues fall within the theoretic spectacle of non-traditional security issues un...
The struggle for state regulation of the social media in Nigeria today finds expression in the de... more The struggle for state regulation of the social media in Nigeria today finds expression in the desperate efforts by state actors to foster a negative relationship between the platforms and national security. The ban on Twitter in the country recently is a manifestation of the grand plan to regulate social media operation, which has been on-going since the inception of the current administration in 2015, with the narrative of national security prominently featured as a key justification. Using data derived from secondary sources, this study underscores the struggle for state regulation of the social media in Nigeria and the accompanying implications. Drawing insights from two recent case studies in the country – the 2020 #EndSARS protest and 2021 Twitter ban, the study argues that attempts at social media regulation hinged on national security are counterproductive and, if actualized, will close up available spaces that citizens have at their disposal to engage in critical discourse ...
COVID-19 significantly altered individual patterns of interaction across the globe. The impedimen... more COVID-19 significantly altered individual patterns of interaction across the globe. The impediment on physical contact and emphasis on social distancing as measures of curbing its spread gave rise to new forms of interactions among individuals. In the ensuing new normal, digital life took the center stage, anchoring engaging and meaningful interactions of individuals in both public and private spheres. This study appraises the adoption of digital life in Nigeria during this period. Hinged on the technological determinism theory, the study examines the sudden digital migration in Nigeria and identifies the factors that facilitated the process, on the one hand, and the obstacles that inhibited it, on the other. Using secondary data derived from books, official websites, and media reports, the study has established that although the Nigerian society adopted digital life as alternative to face-to-face interactions out of expedience, a combination of systemic, structural, socioeconomic, ...
International Journal of African and Asian Studies, 2018
From the literal depiction of security landscape in Nigeria so far, there is nothing new on the l... more From the literal depiction of security landscape in Nigeria so far, there is nothing new on the lexicon of security issues except for the perspectives and the methodologies through which Nigerian security watchers and scholars argue and presents some of these enduring threats. As a pillar of difference, this paper applies an inclusive and sustainable approach towards the studies and management of security issues as it presents a panoramic view of burning sectoral security files in Nigeria. On the methodology, the study adopts qualitative descriptive method of analysis. One of the major takeaways from this study is on the argument that the optics of today’s security issues around the globe calls for a collective effort not only in extending but democratizing security studies and management to every component of a given system. Some of the findings points to historical issues like political co-option of different conservative ethnic and religious entities to forge unity in diversity ...
From the literal depiction of security landscape in Nigeria so far, there is nothing new on the l... more From the literal depiction of security landscape in Nigeria so far, there is nothing new on the lexicon of security issues except for the perspectives and the methodologies through which Nigerian security watchers and scholars argue and presents some of these enduring threats. As a pillar of difference, this paper applies an inclusive and sustainable approach towards the studies and management of security issues as it presents a panoramic view of burning sectoral security files in Nigeria. On the methodology, the study adopts qualitative descriptive method of analysis. One of the major takeaways from this study is on the argument that the optics of today's security issues around the globe calls for a collective effort not only in extending but democratizing security studies and management to every component of a given system. Some of the findings points to historical issues like political co-option of different conservative ethnic and religious entities to forge unity in diversity without deep understanding of its political, economic, and socio-cultural implications and this answers the missing puzzle to the impasse of persistent violent crisis in Nigeria. In conclusion, this paper recommends the need to employ the mix of digital security and hard data in fighting security issues through pinpointing of flashpoints, hotbeds and typologies of security threats available in which state or region per time. This is what the Nigerian state needs to advance its security from the existing negative state to a positive and sustainable state that can guarantee comprehensive development.
Modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) produce numerous structurally complex natural products that h... more Modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) produce numerous structurally complex natural products that have diverse applications in medicine and agriculture. PKSs typically consist of several multienzyme subunits that utilize structurally defined docking domains (DDs) at their N and C termini to ensure correct assembly into functional multiprotein complexes. Here we report a fundamentally different mechanism for subunit assembly in trans-acyltransferase (trans-AT) modular PKSs at the junction between ketosynthase (KS) and dehydratase (DH) domains. This mechanism involves direct interaction of a largely unstructured docking domain (DD) at the C terminus of the KS with the surface of the downstream DH. Acyl transfer assays and mechanism-based crosslinking established that the DD is required for the KS to communicate with the acyl carrier protein appended to the DH. Two distinct regions for binding of the DD to the DH were identified using NMR spectroscopy, carbene footprinting, and mutagenes...
Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), Jan 4, 2018
Thionyl tetrafluoride (SOF4 ) is a valuable connective gas for sulfur fluoride exchange (SuFEx) c... more Thionyl tetrafluoride (SOF4 ) is a valuable connective gas for sulfur fluoride exchange (SuFEx) click chemistry that enables multidimensional linkages to be created via sulfur-oxygen and sulfur-nitrogen bonds. Herein, we expand the available SuFEx chemistry of SOF4 to include organolithium nucleophiles, and demonstrate, for the first time, the controlled projection of sulfur-carbon links at the sulfur center of SOF4 -derived iminosulfur oxydifluorides (R1 -N=SOF2 ). This method provides rapid and modular access to sulfonimidoyl fluorides (R1 -N=SOFR2 ), another array of versatile SuFEx connectors with readily tunable reactivity of the S-F handle. Divergent connections derived from these valuable sulfonimidoyl fluoride units are also demonstrated, including the synthesis of sulfoximines, sulfonimidamides, and sulfonimidates.
Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), Jan 6, 2017
Sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) is a new family of click chemistry based transformations tha... more Sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) is a new family of click chemistry based transformations that enable the synthesis of covalently linked modules via S(VI) hubs. Here we report thionyl tetrafluoride (SOF4 ) as the first multidimensional SuFEx connector. SOF4 sits between the commercially mass-produced gases SF6 and SO2 F2 , and like them, is readily synthesized on scale. Under SuFEx catalysis conditions, SOF4 reliably seeks out primary amino groups [R-NH2 ] and becomes permanently anchored via a tetrahedral iminosulfur(VI) link: R-N=(O=)S(F)2 . The pendant, prochiral difluoride groups R-N=(O=)SF2 , in turn, offer two further SuFExable handles, which can be sequentially exchanged to create 3-dimensional covalent departure vectors from the tetrahedral sulfur(VI) hub.
Specific interactions between proteins and their binding partners are fundamental to life process... more Specific interactions between proteins and their binding partners are fundamental to life processes. The ability to detect protein complexes, and map their sites of binding, is crucial to understanding basic biology at the molecular level. Methods that employ sensitive analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry have the potential to provide valuable insights with very little material and on short time scales. Here we present a differential protein footprinting technique employing an efficient photo-activated probe for use with mass spectrometry. Using this methodology the location of a carbohydrate substrate was accurately mapped to the binding cleft of lysozyme, and in a more complex example, the interactions between a 100 kDa, multi-domain deubiquitinating enzyme, USP5 and a diubiquitin substrate were located to different functional domains. The much improved properties of this probe make carbene footprinting a viable method for rapid and accurate identification of protein bi...
The Nigerian state over time have witnessed an increasing novel security issues that make the cal... more The Nigerian state over time have witnessed an increasing novel security issues that make the calls for military involvement on existing and emerging non-traditional security issues through Internal Security Operations (ISOPs) inevitable as these issues continues to metamorphosed revealing their high level belligerencies continually.In view of the aforementioned issues and many others, this paper adopts the empirical qualitative method to underscores Nigeria’s military security issues (MSIs) and the challenge of internal security operations (ISOPs) in establishing a clear understanding of existing military security issues, causes, challenges and implications of military involvement in internal security operations (ISOPs).The overarching theme of our findings would be that the Nigeria’s peculiar historical experience and security reality is that which has compelled military involvement in ISOPs and these issues fall within the theoretic spectacle of non-traditional security issues un...
The struggle for state regulation of the social media in Nigeria today finds expression in the de... more The struggle for state regulation of the social media in Nigeria today finds expression in the desperate efforts by state actors to foster a negative relationship between the platforms and national security. The ban on Twitter in the country recently is a manifestation of the grand plan to regulate social media operation, which has been on-going since the inception of the current administration in 2015, with the narrative of national security prominently featured as a key justification. Using data derived from secondary sources, this study underscores the struggle for state regulation of the social media in Nigeria and the accompanying implications. Drawing insights from two recent case studies in the country – the 2020 #EndSARS protest and 2021 Twitter ban, the study argues that attempts at social media regulation hinged on national security are counterproductive and, if actualized, will close up available spaces that citizens have at their disposal to engage in critical discourse ...
COVID-19 significantly altered individual patterns of interaction across the globe. The impedimen... more COVID-19 significantly altered individual patterns of interaction across the globe. The impediment on physical contact and emphasis on social distancing as measures of curbing its spread gave rise to new forms of interactions among individuals. In the ensuing new normal, digital life took the center stage, anchoring engaging and meaningful interactions of individuals in both public and private spheres. This study appraises the adoption of digital life in Nigeria during this period. Hinged on the technological determinism theory, the study examines the sudden digital migration in Nigeria and identifies the factors that facilitated the process, on the one hand, and the obstacles that inhibited it, on the other. Using secondary data derived from books, official websites, and media reports, the study has established that although the Nigerian society adopted digital life as alternative to face-to-face interactions out of expedience, a combination of systemic, structural, socioeconomic, ...
International Journal of African and Asian Studies, 2018
From the literal depiction of security landscape in Nigeria so far, there is nothing new on the l... more From the literal depiction of security landscape in Nigeria so far, there is nothing new on the lexicon of security issues except for the perspectives and the methodologies through which Nigerian security watchers and scholars argue and presents some of these enduring threats. As a pillar of difference, this paper applies an inclusive and sustainable approach towards the studies and management of security issues as it presents a panoramic view of burning sectoral security files in Nigeria. On the methodology, the study adopts qualitative descriptive method of analysis. One of the major takeaways from this study is on the argument that the optics of today’s security issues around the globe calls for a collective effort not only in extending but democratizing security studies and management to every component of a given system. Some of the findings points to historical issues like political co-option of different conservative ethnic and religious entities to forge unity in diversity ...
From the literal depiction of security landscape in Nigeria so far, there is nothing new on the l... more From the literal depiction of security landscape in Nigeria so far, there is nothing new on the lexicon of security issues except for the perspectives and the methodologies through which Nigerian security watchers and scholars argue and presents some of these enduring threats. As a pillar of difference, this paper applies an inclusive and sustainable approach towards the studies and management of security issues as it presents a panoramic view of burning sectoral security files in Nigeria. On the methodology, the study adopts qualitative descriptive method of analysis. One of the major takeaways from this study is on the argument that the optics of today's security issues around the globe calls for a collective effort not only in extending but democratizing security studies and management to every component of a given system. Some of the findings points to historical issues like political co-option of different conservative ethnic and religious entities to forge unity in diversity without deep understanding of its political, economic, and socio-cultural implications and this answers the missing puzzle to the impasse of persistent violent crisis in Nigeria. In conclusion, this paper recommends the need to employ the mix of digital security and hard data in fighting security issues through pinpointing of flashpoints, hotbeds and typologies of security threats available in which state or region per time. This is what the Nigerian state needs to advance its security from the existing negative state to a positive and sustainable state that can guarantee comprehensive development.
Modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) produce numerous structurally complex natural products that h... more Modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) produce numerous structurally complex natural products that have diverse applications in medicine and agriculture. PKSs typically consist of several multienzyme subunits that utilize structurally defined docking domains (DDs) at their N and C termini to ensure correct assembly into functional multiprotein complexes. Here we report a fundamentally different mechanism for subunit assembly in trans-acyltransferase (trans-AT) modular PKSs at the junction between ketosynthase (KS) and dehydratase (DH) domains. This mechanism involves direct interaction of a largely unstructured docking domain (DD) at the C terminus of the KS with the surface of the downstream DH. Acyl transfer assays and mechanism-based crosslinking established that the DD is required for the KS to communicate with the acyl carrier protein appended to the DH. Two distinct regions for binding of the DD to the DH were identified using NMR spectroscopy, carbene footprinting, and mutagenes...
Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), Jan 4, 2018
Thionyl tetrafluoride (SOF4 ) is a valuable connective gas for sulfur fluoride exchange (SuFEx) c... more Thionyl tetrafluoride (SOF4 ) is a valuable connective gas for sulfur fluoride exchange (SuFEx) click chemistry that enables multidimensional linkages to be created via sulfur-oxygen and sulfur-nitrogen bonds. Herein, we expand the available SuFEx chemistry of SOF4 to include organolithium nucleophiles, and demonstrate, for the first time, the controlled projection of sulfur-carbon links at the sulfur center of SOF4 -derived iminosulfur oxydifluorides (R1 -N=SOF2 ). This method provides rapid and modular access to sulfonimidoyl fluorides (R1 -N=SOFR2 ), another array of versatile SuFEx connectors with readily tunable reactivity of the S-F handle. Divergent connections derived from these valuable sulfonimidoyl fluoride units are also demonstrated, including the synthesis of sulfoximines, sulfonimidamides, and sulfonimidates.
Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), Jan 6, 2017
Sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) is a new family of click chemistry based transformations tha... more Sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) is a new family of click chemistry based transformations that enable the synthesis of covalently linked modules via S(VI) hubs. Here we report thionyl tetrafluoride (SOF4 ) as the first multidimensional SuFEx connector. SOF4 sits between the commercially mass-produced gases SF6 and SO2 F2 , and like them, is readily synthesized on scale. Under SuFEx catalysis conditions, SOF4 reliably seeks out primary amino groups [R-NH2 ] and becomes permanently anchored via a tetrahedral iminosulfur(VI) link: R-N=(O=)S(F)2 . The pendant, prochiral difluoride groups R-N=(O=)SF2 , in turn, offer two further SuFExable handles, which can be sequentially exchanged to create 3-dimensional covalent departure vectors from the tetrahedral sulfur(VI) hub.
Specific interactions between proteins and their binding partners are fundamental to life process... more Specific interactions between proteins and their binding partners are fundamental to life processes. The ability to detect protein complexes, and map their sites of binding, is crucial to understanding basic biology at the molecular level. Methods that employ sensitive analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry have the potential to provide valuable insights with very little material and on short time scales. Here we present a differential protein footprinting technique employing an efficient photo-activated probe for use with mass spectrometry. Using this methodology the location of a carbohydrate substrate was accurately mapped to the binding cleft of lysozyme, and in a more complex example, the interactions between a 100 kDa, multi-domain deubiquitinating enzyme, USP5 and a diubiquitin substrate were located to different functional domains. The much improved properties of this probe make carbene footprinting a viable method for rapid and accurate identification of protein bi...
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