International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2018
Background: Sepsis is characterized by overwhelming surge of cytokines and oxidative stress to on... more Background: Sepsis is characterized by overwhelming surge of cytokines and oxidative stress to one of many factors, gram negative bacteria commonly implicated. Despite major expansion and elaboration of sepsis pathophysiology and therapeutic approach; death rate remains very high in septic patients due to multiple organ damage including hepatotoxicity. The present study was aimed to ascertain the adequacy of melatonin (10mg/kg i.p), and its comparability with dexamethasone (3mg/kg i.p), delivered separately and collectively in endotoxin induced hepatotoxicity.Methods: The number of animals in each group was six. Endotoxin/LPS induced hepatotoxicity was reproduced in mice by giving LPS of serotype E. coli intraperitoneally. Preventive role was questioned by giving the experimental agent half an hour prior to LPS injection whereas therapeutic potential of the experimental agent was searched out via post LPS delivering. The extent of liver damage was adjudged via serum alanine aminotra...
Background: Individuals of age 15-25 years are at highest risk of HIV/AIDS due to presence of hig... more Background: Individuals of age 15-25 years are at highest risk of HIV/AIDS due to presence of high risk behavior. Public health professionals are of the view that educational intervention are more successful in improving knowledge attitudes and preventive practices among the young rather than abstinence only intervention. The aim of this study was to access the knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS of students of University of Gujrat, Gujrat and to find the effect of imparting education on these parameters. Methodology: pre-post quasi experimental study design conducted at University of Gujrat, Pakistan in the year 2015-2016. A sample size of 370 students was taken. A pre-structured self-administered questionnaire was used as a study tool, privacy and anonymity of the respondents were maintained. A comprehensive lecture and educational session was carried out that delivered information regarding HIV/AIDS disease nature, modes of transmission, myths associated with HIV/AIDS, and other disease...
Objectives: To investigate the role of pre- and intra-operative lidocaine infusion on post-operat... more Objectives: To investigate the role of pre- and intra-operative lidocaine infusion on post-operative pain management. Method: The interventional, prospective study was conducted from September 2019 to June 2020 at the Pakistan Ordnance Factories Hospital, Wah Cantt, Pakistan, and comprised patients aged 18-60 years undergoing elective cholecystectomy who were randomised into intervention group A and control group B. Group A was given a bolus dose of lidocaine hydrochloride 2 mg/kg in addition to the standard anaesthesia protocol, while group B was given continuous intravenous infusion of 0.9% normal saline along with the standard protocol. Blood samples for interleukins 6 and 8 were taken at baseline, and then at 2, 6 and 8 hours Post-operatively. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. Results: Of the 40 patients, 20(50%) were in each of the two groups. There was a marked decrease in interleukins 6 and 8 levels group A compared to group B (p<0.05). Interleukin 8 level showed a marked d...
Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery and depression are the conditions that run in parallel fashio... more Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery and depression are the conditions that run in parallel fashions. All these conditions cause the release of an increased amount of serotonin in the body. Serotonin acts on these 5HT3 receptors and causes nausea and vomiting. Ondansetron acts by blocking serotonin from acting on the receptors and thus is useful in decreasing episodes of nausea and vomiting but when used concomitantly with SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) as cancer patient also suffered from depression. This combination tends to decrease the efficacy of ondansetron. The present study was carried out to observe the modulatory role of ondansetron on ileal smooth muscle motility in vitro. Experiments were performed in four groups (n=6) and ileal smooth muscle activity was recorded on the power lab (USA). The effects of increasing concentrations of serotonin, ondansetron and paroxetine alone were observed. In the fourth group effects of paroxetine in the presence of fixed ...
Background of Study: Sepsis is characterized by overwhelming surge ofcytokines and oxidative stre... more Background of Study: Sepsis is characterized by overwhelming surge ofcytokines and oxidative stress to one of many factors, gram negative bacteria being one ofit. Mortality remains very high in septic patients despite the advanced treatments rendered inintensive care units due to multiple organ damage including hepatotoxicity. Study Design:Randomized controlled laboratory trial. Period: 04 months from March 2014-June 2014. Setting:Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Army Medical College, NUST, Rawalpindi.Aim of the Study: The present study was undertaken to learn dexamethasone’s competencein prevention and treatment of LPS/ endotoxin induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Material andMethods: Endotoxin induced hepatotoxicity was reproduced via LPS of serotype E.ColiO111:B4 administrationintraperitoneally at a dose of 10mg/kg and all mice were sacrificed 17hours latters. Dexamethasone (3mg/kg of b.w. i.p) was given 30 minutes before LPS in separateset of animals to determine its pr...
International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2020
Background: Data regarding occurrence of drug-drug interactions in Pakistan is rare. In the curre... more Background: Data regarding occurrence of drug-drug interactions in Pakistan is rare. In the current study, we have tried to find out the clinical adversity and frequency witnessed in prescriptions of a medical outpatient department.Methods: Patient prescriptions were analyzed for potential drug-drug interactions. A sample of 364 patients, visited outpatient department who were being prescribed at least two drugs simultaneously using a drug interaction program website.Results: The 364 patients (72.8% male, mean age 57.9±15.2 years) were prescribed a median of six drugs (range 2-13) at OPD visit. Three hundred forty nine patients (95.8%) had at least one potentially interacting drug combination. 2636 potential interactions were seen in the visiting patients. Out of these 124 (4.7%) were of major severity, 1730 (65.6%) moderate and 515 (19.5%). Out of 124 patients with a potential DDI with major severity, no patient was re-hospitalized within 2 months after discharge due to a probable...
Objective: To understand the effects of fluoxetine and paroxetine with ondansetron on the intesti... more Objective: To understand the effects of fluoxetine and paroxetine with ondansetron on the intestinal motility of rabbit ileum. Study Design: Observational study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted from March to April 2018 in a multidisciplinary lab of Army Medical College, Rawalpindi.Materials and Methods: The contractile effect of intestinal motility was recorded in the power lab. Subjects were twenty four healthy rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus). Semi log dose-response curve was constructed for increasing concentrations of serotonin, ondansetron, fluoxetine, and paroxetine (10-9 to 10-6 M) alone and then in the presence of a fixed concentration of ondansetron (10-6 M) to observe the modulatory role of ondansetron. The serotonin mediated contractions were taken as control.Results: Ondansetron and serotonin caused an increase in the contractile response of rabbits ileum. A depressive response was observed when the contractions were recorded with increased concentrat...
International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2018
Background: Serotonin (5-HT) is a biogenic amine that functions as a neurotransmitter of sensorim... more Background: Serotonin (5-HT) is a biogenic amine that functions as a neurotransmitter of sensorimotor functions in the digestive tract. Te role of 5-HT agents in the modulation of lower gastrointestinal function. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are of potential benefit in functional gastrointestinal diseases although formal evidence is lacking. Apart from central effects, they may have peripheral. The present study was carried out to find out the possible effects of fluoxetine and paroxetine on gastrointestinal smooth muscles of rabbit as they cause severe nausea and vomiting initially.Methods: Experimental study design. Power lab (USA) for recording the contractions of ileal smooth muscle of rabbit in response to serotonin, fluoxetine and paroxetine.Results: The percent responses with serotonin, fluoxetine and paroxetine were 100, 10.53, and 4.75 percent respectively.Conclusions: SSRIs (fluoxetine and paroxetine) were unable to enhance the serotonergic transmission ...
International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2019
Background: Even though with immense improvement and extensive understanding of pathophysiology o... more Background: Even though with immense improvement and extensive understanding of pathophysiology of sepsis induced organ failure and affected population, it continues to put hundreds of people worldwide to eternal sleep due to lack of targeted therapy. Newer treatment modalities is the dire need of time. The present study was aimed to ascertain the adequacy of phosphodiesterases inhibitor - pentoxifylline (75mg/kg i.p) in endotoxin/LPS induced hepatotoxicity in BALB/c mice.Methods: The number of animals in each group was six. Endotoxin/lipopolysaccharides induced hepatotoxicity was reproduced in mice by giving lipopolysaccharide of serotype E. coli intraperitoneally. To ascertain the Preventive role, pentoxifylline was administered forehand LPS injection whereas therapeutic potential adjuged via post LPS delivering. The extent of liver damage was evaluated through serum alanine aminotransferases (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) estimation along with histopathological examin...
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2021
Background: Drug drug interactions (DDIs), being one of the most preventable drug related hazards... more Background: Drug drug interactions (DDIs), being one of the most preventable drug related hazards having serious life threatening adverse consequences or at least results in therapeutic failure . Aim : T o confirm the drug drug interactions among medical patients at private and public sector hospitals of Jhelum and Kharian . Study d esign: Comparative study. Methodology: The collected data was analyzed for drug interactions. P atients who were being prescribed less than two drugs along with topical drugs (ointments, creams, ear drops and eye drops) were excluded. Information on prescriptions was retrieved from the hospital prescription. SPSS for windows version 20.0 was used to analyze the data. Results were presented as frequency and percen tage. Results: The results showed that the public sector showed 1640 drug interactions, that is 75%; on the other hand, the private sector showed 260 drug interactions, that is 41%. Conclusions: We concluded that frequency of drug interactions w...
International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2018
Background: Sepsis is characterized by overwhelming surge of cytokines and oxidative stress to on... more Background: Sepsis is characterized by overwhelming surge of cytokines and oxidative stress to one of many factors, gram negative bacteria commonly implicated. Despite major expansion and elaboration of sepsis pathophysiology and therapeutic approach; death rate remains very high in septic patients due to multiple organ damage including hepatotoxicity. The present study was aimed to ascertain the adequacy of melatonin (10mg/kg i.p), and its comparability with dexamethasone (3mg/kg i.p), delivered separately and collectively in endotoxin induced hepatotoxicity.Methods: The number of animals in each group was six. Endotoxin/LPS induced hepatotoxicity was reproduced in mice by giving LPS of serotype E. coli intraperitoneally. Preventive role was questioned by giving the experimental agent half an hour prior to LPS injection whereas therapeutic potential of the experimental agent was searched out via post LPS delivering. The extent of liver damage was adjudged via serum alanine aminotra...
Background: Individuals of age 15-25 years are at highest risk of HIV/AIDS due to presence of hig... more Background: Individuals of age 15-25 years are at highest risk of HIV/AIDS due to presence of high risk behavior. Public health professionals are of the view that educational intervention are more successful in improving knowledge attitudes and preventive practices among the young rather than abstinence only intervention. The aim of this study was to access the knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS of students of University of Gujrat, Gujrat and to find the effect of imparting education on these parameters. Methodology: pre-post quasi experimental study design conducted at University of Gujrat, Pakistan in the year 2015-2016. A sample size of 370 students was taken. A pre-structured self-administered questionnaire was used as a study tool, privacy and anonymity of the respondents were maintained. A comprehensive lecture and educational session was carried out that delivered information regarding HIV/AIDS disease nature, modes of transmission, myths associated with HIV/AIDS, and other disease...
Objectives: To investigate the role of pre- and intra-operative lidocaine infusion on post-operat... more Objectives: To investigate the role of pre- and intra-operative lidocaine infusion on post-operative pain management. Method: The interventional, prospective study was conducted from September 2019 to June 2020 at the Pakistan Ordnance Factories Hospital, Wah Cantt, Pakistan, and comprised patients aged 18-60 years undergoing elective cholecystectomy who were randomised into intervention group A and control group B. Group A was given a bolus dose of lidocaine hydrochloride 2 mg/kg in addition to the standard anaesthesia protocol, while group B was given continuous intravenous infusion of 0.9% normal saline along with the standard protocol. Blood samples for interleukins 6 and 8 were taken at baseline, and then at 2, 6 and 8 hours Post-operatively. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. Results: Of the 40 patients, 20(50%) were in each of the two groups. There was a marked decrease in interleukins 6 and 8 levels group A compared to group B (p<0.05). Interleukin 8 level showed a marked d...
Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery and depression are the conditions that run in parallel fashio... more Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery and depression are the conditions that run in parallel fashions. All these conditions cause the release of an increased amount of serotonin in the body. Serotonin acts on these 5HT3 receptors and causes nausea and vomiting. Ondansetron acts by blocking serotonin from acting on the receptors and thus is useful in decreasing episodes of nausea and vomiting but when used concomitantly with SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) as cancer patient also suffered from depression. This combination tends to decrease the efficacy of ondansetron. The present study was carried out to observe the modulatory role of ondansetron on ileal smooth muscle motility in vitro. Experiments were performed in four groups (n=6) and ileal smooth muscle activity was recorded on the power lab (USA). The effects of increasing concentrations of serotonin, ondansetron and paroxetine alone were observed. In the fourth group effects of paroxetine in the presence of fixed ...
Background of Study: Sepsis is characterized by overwhelming surge ofcytokines and oxidative stre... more Background of Study: Sepsis is characterized by overwhelming surge ofcytokines and oxidative stress to one of many factors, gram negative bacteria being one ofit. Mortality remains very high in septic patients despite the advanced treatments rendered inintensive care units due to multiple organ damage including hepatotoxicity. Study Design:Randomized controlled laboratory trial. Period: 04 months from March 2014-June 2014. Setting:Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Army Medical College, NUST, Rawalpindi.Aim of the Study: The present study was undertaken to learn dexamethasone’s competencein prevention and treatment of LPS/ endotoxin induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Material andMethods: Endotoxin induced hepatotoxicity was reproduced via LPS of serotype E.ColiO111:B4 administrationintraperitoneally at a dose of 10mg/kg and all mice were sacrificed 17hours latters. Dexamethasone (3mg/kg of b.w. i.p) was given 30 minutes before LPS in separateset of animals to determine its pr...
International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2020
Background: Data regarding occurrence of drug-drug interactions in Pakistan is rare. In the curre... more Background: Data regarding occurrence of drug-drug interactions in Pakistan is rare. In the current study, we have tried to find out the clinical adversity and frequency witnessed in prescriptions of a medical outpatient department.Methods: Patient prescriptions were analyzed for potential drug-drug interactions. A sample of 364 patients, visited outpatient department who were being prescribed at least two drugs simultaneously using a drug interaction program website.Results: The 364 patients (72.8% male, mean age 57.9±15.2 years) were prescribed a median of six drugs (range 2-13) at OPD visit. Three hundred forty nine patients (95.8%) had at least one potentially interacting drug combination. 2636 potential interactions were seen in the visiting patients. Out of these 124 (4.7%) were of major severity, 1730 (65.6%) moderate and 515 (19.5%). Out of 124 patients with a potential DDI with major severity, no patient was re-hospitalized within 2 months after discharge due to a probable...
Objective: To understand the effects of fluoxetine and paroxetine with ondansetron on the intesti... more Objective: To understand the effects of fluoxetine and paroxetine with ondansetron on the intestinal motility of rabbit ileum. Study Design: Observational study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted from March to April 2018 in a multidisciplinary lab of Army Medical College, Rawalpindi.Materials and Methods: The contractile effect of intestinal motility was recorded in the power lab. Subjects were twenty four healthy rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus). Semi log dose-response curve was constructed for increasing concentrations of serotonin, ondansetron, fluoxetine, and paroxetine (10-9 to 10-6 M) alone and then in the presence of a fixed concentration of ondansetron (10-6 M) to observe the modulatory role of ondansetron. The serotonin mediated contractions were taken as control.Results: Ondansetron and serotonin caused an increase in the contractile response of rabbits ileum. A depressive response was observed when the contractions were recorded with increased concentrat...
International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2018
Background: Serotonin (5-HT) is a biogenic amine that functions as a neurotransmitter of sensorim... more Background: Serotonin (5-HT) is a biogenic amine that functions as a neurotransmitter of sensorimotor functions in the digestive tract. Te role of 5-HT agents in the modulation of lower gastrointestinal function. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are of potential benefit in functional gastrointestinal diseases although formal evidence is lacking. Apart from central effects, they may have peripheral. The present study was carried out to find out the possible effects of fluoxetine and paroxetine on gastrointestinal smooth muscles of rabbit as they cause severe nausea and vomiting initially.Methods: Experimental study design. Power lab (USA) for recording the contractions of ileal smooth muscle of rabbit in response to serotonin, fluoxetine and paroxetine.Results: The percent responses with serotonin, fluoxetine and paroxetine were 100, 10.53, and 4.75 percent respectively.Conclusions: SSRIs (fluoxetine and paroxetine) were unable to enhance the serotonergic transmission ...
International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2019
Background: Even though with immense improvement and extensive understanding of pathophysiology o... more Background: Even though with immense improvement and extensive understanding of pathophysiology of sepsis induced organ failure and affected population, it continues to put hundreds of people worldwide to eternal sleep due to lack of targeted therapy. Newer treatment modalities is the dire need of time. The present study was aimed to ascertain the adequacy of phosphodiesterases inhibitor - pentoxifylline (75mg/kg i.p) in endotoxin/LPS induced hepatotoxicity in BALB/c mice.Methods: The number of animals in each group was six. Endotoxin/lipopolysaccharides induced hepatotoxicity was reproduced in mice by giving lipopolysaccharide of serotype E. coli intraperitoneally. To ascertain the Preventive role, pentoxifylline was administered forehand LPS injection whereas therapeutic potential adjuged via post LPS delivering. The extent of liver damage was evaluated through serum alanine aminotransferases (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) estimation along with histopathological examin...
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2021
Background: Drug drug interactions (DDIs), being one of the most preventable drug related hazards... more Background: Drug drug interactions (DDIs), being one of the most preventable drug related hazards having serious life threatening adverse consequences or at least results in therapeutic failure . Aim : T o confirm the drug drug interactions among medical patients at private and public sector hospitals of Jhelum and Kharian . Study d esign: Comparative study. Methodology: The collected data was analyzed for drug interactions. P atients who were being prescribed less than two drugs along with topical drugs (ointments, creams, ear drops and eye drops) were excluded. Information on prescriptions was retrieved from the hospital prescription. SPSS for windows version 20.0 was used to analyze the data. Results were presented as frequency and percen tage. Results: The results showed that the public sector showed 1640 drug interactions, that is 75%; on the other hand, the private sector showed 260 drug interactions, that is 41%. Conclusions: We concluded that frequency of drug interactions w...
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