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    Basic Research Terminology

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    Krishna Moorthy
    The document defines key research terminology including concepts, constructs, variables, assumptions, hypotheses, data, limitations, and populations. It distinguishes between conceptual and operational definitions. Variable types are also outlined, such as dichotomous, attribute, active, dependent, independent, and extraneous variables. Validity and reliability are defined in relation to measuring study tools and variables over time.

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    Basic Research Terminology

    Uploaded by

    Krishna Moorthy
    328 views24 pages
    The document defines key research terminology including concepts, constructs, variables, assumptions, hypotheses, data, limitations, and populations. It distinguishes between conceptual and operational definitions. Variable types are also outlined, such as dichotomous, attribute, active, dependent, independent, and extraneous variables. Validity and reliability are defined in relation to measuring study tools and variables over time.

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    The document defines key research terminology including concepts, constructs, variables, assumptions, hypotheses, data, limitations, and populations. It distinguishes between conceptual and operational definitions. Variable types are also outlined, such as dichotomous, attribute, active, dependent, independent, and extraneous variables. Validity and reliability are defined in relation to measuring study tools and variables over time.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    328 views24 pages

    Basic Research Terminology

    Uploaded by

    Krishna Moorthy
    The document defines key research terminology including concepts, constructs, variables, assumptions, hypotheses, data, limitations, and populations. It distinguishes between conceptual and operational definitions. Variable types are also outlined, such as dichotomous, attribute, active, dependent, independent, and extraneous variables. Validity and reliability are defined in relation to measuring study tools and variables over time.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    Basic Research Terminology

    HOW TO DEFINE ???


    Concept: "A general idea referring to a behavior or characteristic of an individual, group, or nation". For example, pain, patient care, coping, happiness, cleanliness, dignityetc.

    HOW TO DEFINE ???


    Construct: "A concept specified in such a way that it is observable in the real world, in order to facilitate testing of the idea". For example, position, in real world has many different meanings in gynecology, in surgery and in management.

    Example of the relationship between "concept" and "construct":


    Weight a concept.

    Weight By electronic scale. In the morning. Before breakfast. Without clothes. a construct

    HOW TO DEFINE ???


    Variable: "A concept that is observable, measurable, and has a dimension that can vary". For example, temperature is a variable that is observable, measurable, and varies from high to low.

    HOW TO DEFINE ???


    Conceptual definition: "The definition or description of the study variables that is drawn from the theoretical or conceptual framework".

    HOW TO DEFINE ???


    Operational definition: "The definition or description of a study variable that specifies how it will be observed and measured in the study."

    HOW TO DEFINE ???


    Assumption: "A statement of principles whose correctness has not been proven, but is taken for granted on the basis of logical reasoning".
    "health is a priority for all people"

    HOW TO DEFINE ???


    Hypothesis: "A statement of predicted or expected relationships between the variables of the research (dep. & indep. variables)". Hypothesis lead to empirical studies that are seeking to confirm or disconfirm these predictions.

    HOW TO DEFINE ???


    Data: "Pieces of information that are collected as they pertain to the study".

    HOW TO DEFINE ???


    Limitations: "Weaknesses in a research Uncontrolled extraneous variables variables, that limit the generalizability of the findings.

    HOW TO DEFINE ???

    Pilot study: "A small scale trial done in preparation of a major research".

    HOW TO DEFINE ???


    Validity: Degree or extent to which the tool or instrument measures what it is supposed to measure". For example, a ruler measures the height not the weight, while the scale measures the weight not the height.

    HOW TO DEFINE ???


    Reliability: Degree or extent of consistency or dependability with which a study tool measures the variable over time, by different persons".

    HOW TO DEFINE ???


    Population: Group of people who are going to be studied, and to whom should the study result apply". For example, bed-side nurses are the example, bedpopulation in a research studying the factors affecting the nurse's workload. workload.

    HOW TO DEFINE ???


    Sample: "Are those persons in the populationfrom whom data will be actually collected, and from whom generalizations about the population will be made".

    Any Questions ???

    Types of Variables
    Dichotomous variables. Attribute variable . Active variables. Dependent and independent variables . 5. Extraneous variable 1. 2. 3. 4.

    Types of Variables 1. Dichotomous variables.


    Variables that vary in only two values.

    For example:
    Male Vs female. Alive Vs dead. Day Vs night.

    Types of Variables 2. Attribute variable:


    A pre-existing characteristic or attribute such as age, sex etc. which the researcher simply observes and measures measures.

    Types of Variables 3. Active variables


    Variables that do not pre-exist, so, pre-exist the researcher has to create them. For example:
    If the researcher is testing the effectiveness of 4 drugs on blood pressure, here, all the four drugs are considered a variable that varies among individuals Where different individuals. ones are taking different drugs: a, b, c or d.

    Types of Variables
    4. Dependent and independent variables Independent variable: Variable ndependent that is believed to cause or influence the dependent variable". Dependent variable: Variable that is influenced by the independent variable".

    Example of Dependent/Independent Variables


    Does Does Does Smoking Nursing care Drug (a) Cause Cause Cause Lung cancer ? Rapid recovery ? Improvement ?

    Cause
    Independent variable

    Effect
    Dependent variable

    Types of Variables 5. Extraneous variable


    Variable that confound the relationship between the dependent and independent variables, thus it needs to be controlled. E.g., "air pollution" is an extraneous variable interferes with studying the relationship between smoking "independent variable" and lung cancer "dependent variable".

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