MINERALS AND ORES chemistry homework

MINERALS AND
ORES
AN OVER VIEW OF MINERALS AND ORES PRESENT IN LEH
LADAKH,INDIA
BASIC DETAILS
• NAME-YANA MISHRA
• CLASS- 11 A (SCIENCE)
• ROLL NUMBER- 08
• NAME OF SCHOOL- EUROSCHOOL CHIMNEY HILLS
LADAKH- THE LITTLE TIBET
• The eastern portion of the broader Kashmir region, which has been
the focus of a conflict between India and Pakistan since 1947 and
India and China since 1959, is the Ladakh region, which is
administered by India as a union state.
• Leh is a city in the disputed Kashmir region of Ladakh, which is
administered by India. It serves as both the joint capital and largest
city of Ladakh. The historical capital of the Kingdom of Ladakh was
Leh, which is located in the Leh district.
A LITTLE BIT MORE
• Ladakh is well known for being the only freezing desert in India and for
abutting the Pangong Lake, the highest saltwater lake in the world. For
many people, ascending Khardung la, the highest motorable road in the
world, is a dream come true. Ladakh is the only place where you may
see snow leopards, the Hunder Sand Dunes, and the journey along the
Frozen River.
• The city of Leh is situated along the Indus River's bank. Due to its
elevation of 3,500m, the mountains dominate the area around Leh.
Peaks like Nanga Sago have elevations far above 5,500 metres. The 434
kilometre Srinagar-Leh highway and the 428 km Leh-Manali Highway are
the main access roadways. Only sometimes are both highways open. The
local roads in the Indus Valley typically remain open because of the low
levels of snowfall, despite the fact that the highways from Srinagar and
Manali are frequently blocked by snow in the winter.
What are ores?
• Ore is a naturally occurring rock or silt that includes precious
minerals that are concentrated above background levels and can be
mined, processed, and sold profitably. Metals are the most common
valuable minerals found in ore. The concentration of the desired
ingredient in an ore is referred to as its grade. To decide if a rock has
a high enough grade to be worth mining and is therefore regarded
as an ore, the value of the metals or minerals it contains must be
evaluated against the expense of extraction.
MORE ABOUT ORES
• An ore that contains multiple precious minerals is said to be
complex.
Typically, oxides, sulphides, silicates, or native metals like copper or
gold are the minerals of interest. Ore bodies can be categorised
according to the type of deposit they are found in and are created by
a range of geological processes collectively known as ore genesis.
Mining is the process of removing ore from the soil. The valuable
metals or minerals are then removed by treating or refining the ore,
frequently through smelting. Depending on their makeup, some ores
could be hazardous to human health or the ecosystems in the area.
WHAT ARE MINERALS?
• A mineral or mineral species is, generally speaking, a solid material that
naturally occurs in pure form and has a fairly well-defined chemical
composition as well as a particular crystal structure. Compounds found
only in living creatures are typically not considered minerals according to
geological definitions. However, some minerals (like mellite) are
frequently biogenic or organic molecules in the sense of chemistry.
Additionally, living things frequently produce inorganic minerals (like
hydroxylapatite), which are also found in rocks. Rock, which is defined as
any bulk solid geologic substance that is sufficiently massive and
sufficiently homogeneous, is not a mineral. One type of mineral may
make up a rock, or it may be an amalgam of two or more different types
of minerals that have been spatially separated into various phases.
YOOGLE
RULES FOR A MATERIAL TO BE A MINERAL
 NATURALLY OCCURING
 MUST BE SOLID WHEN OCCURRED
 WELL DEFINE CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE
 WELL DEFINED CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

METHODS FOR EXTRACTION OF
MINERALS AND ORES
MINERALS AND ORES OBTAINED IN
LEH, LADAKH,INDIA
• Leh, Ladakh is home to minerals such arsenic ore, borax, gold, granite,
limestone, marble, and Sulphur. These minerals constitute the
foundation for the development of several companies based on
minerals in the union territory of Ladakh.
ARSENIC ORE BORAX GOLD

ARSENIC ORE
• In nature arsenic is usually found in sedimentary or igneous rock joined
to or mixed with other elements, such as oxygen. Arsenic has a particular
affinity for sulfur and is often found joined to sulfur in ores–mixtures of
minerals that are mined for profitable materials such as silver or copper.
The common ore arsenopyrite, a rusty red rock, is a combination of
arsenic with sulfur and iron. This ore, known since the Greeks of
Aristotle’s time, is an important commercial source of arsenic. A less
common form of arsenic found in nature is the silver-gray rock called
arsenic trioxide, which also goes by several common names including
elemental, native, pure and white arsenic. Arsenic trioxide is also
important as a raw material for products containing arsenic.
Borax
• Borax, commonly known as sodium borate, sodium tetraborate, or
disodium tetraborate, is a white powdered chemical. It is frequently
utilised as a home cleanser and laundry detergent enhancer. It contains
boron, sodium, and oxygen in combination. In regions like California's
Death Valley, where the water drained and left behind deposits of
minerals, borax is frequently discovered in dry lake beds.Borax and boric
acid share the same chemical composition and even share a similar
appearance. Borax is frequently used for cleaning, although boric acid is
mostly employed as a pesticide. Insects are killed by boric acid by
attacking their neurological and digestive systems. When in the form of
loose powder, both borax and boric acid can be dangerous if consumed,
especially by youngsters. They may also cause skin irritation.
Gold
• Gold (Au), a chemical element, is a valuable metal that belongs to
Group 11 (Ib), Period 6, on the periodic table of elements. It is a
dense, glossy yellow metal. Gold has historically been extremely
valued due to a number of characteristics. It is often found in nature
in a relatively pure form, is appealing in colour and brightness,
resilient to the point of virtual indestructibility, and very flexible.
Because gold has been regarded as valuable from ancient times, its
history is unparalleled to that of any other metal.
• Because gold is visually pleasing and workable and does not tarnish
or corrode, it was one of the first metals to attract human attention.
Granite
• The most prevalent plutonic rock in the Earth's crust is granite, a
coarse- or medium-grained intrusive igneous rock rich in quartz and
feldspar that forms when magma (silicate melt) cools at deep.Granite
quarrying used to be a significant economic activity because of its
usage as a construction stone and paving block. The current
production of granite is focused on the cyclical market for curbing in
highway construction and veneer used in the face of major industrial
and commercial structures, with the exception of tombstones, for
which there is a constant need.
Limestone
• The primary source of the substance lime is limestone, a form of
carbonate sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate
(CaCO3). The minerals calcite and aragonite, which are various crystal
forms of CaCO3, make up the majority of its material. When these
minerals separate from water that has dissolved calcium, limestone is
created. Both biological and nonbiological activities can contribute to
this, while biological processes—like the buildup of corals and shells
in the sea—have probably been more significant during the past 540
million years. Fossils found in limestone frequently reveal details
about ancient ecosystems and the development of life.
Marble
Calcite (CaCO3) or dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) are the two most frequent carbonate minerals that
recrystallize under the action of heat, pressure, and aqueous solutions. Marble is a metamorphic
rock with a crystalline structure of varied thickness. Generally speaking, marble is not foliated
(layered), although there are several exceptions.
Although unmetamorphosed limestone is included in its usage in stonemasonry, the name

"marble" in geology refers to metamorphosed limestone. Marble is frequently used in construction
and for sculpting.
Marble is a rock that forms as a result of limestone or dolomite metamorphosing into sedimentary
carbonate rocks. The initial carbonate mineral grains undergo varied recrystallization due to
metamorphism. Carbonate crystals form an interconnecting mosaic to form the marble rock that
results. The original carbonate rock's (protolith) primary sedimentary textures and features have
often been altered or destroyed.A protolith of exceptionally pure (silicate-poor) limestone or
dolomite metamorphoses into pure white marble. Many coloured marble variants' distinctive
swirls and veins are typically caused by different mineral impurities, such as clay, silt, sand, iron
oxides, or chert, which were once present in the limestone as grains or layers.
Sulphur
• One of the most reactive elements is sulphur (S), sometimes spelt as
sulphur, a nonmetallic chemical element in the oxygen group (Group
16 [VIa] of the periodic table). Pure sulphur is a tasteless, odourless,
brittle solid with a pale yellow hue that is insoluble in water and a
poor conductor of electricity. It creates sulphides when it reacts with
all metals, save gold and platinum, and it also does so when it
interacts with a number of nonmetallic elements. Each year, millions
of tonnes of sulphur are created, mostly for the production of sulfuric
acid, which is utilised extensively in industry.
Bibliography
• All the information are derived from internet but are reformed by
presenter
• All the photos are taken from internet from different websites sech as
Wikipedia, Freepik and Pinterest

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MINERALS AND

 MUST BE SOLID WHEN OCCURRED

 WELL DEFINE CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE

 WELL DEFINED CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

ARSENIC ORE BORAX GOLD

Although unmetamorphosed limestone is included in its usage in stonemasonry, the name

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