Visual Basic Selection

Chapter 4: The Selection Structure
Programming with Microsoft Visual

Basic .NET, Second Edition
The If…Then…Else Statement
Lesson A Objectives
• Write pseudocode for the selection structure
• Create a flowchart to help you plan an
application’s code
• Write an If...Then...Else statement
Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 2

The If…Then…Else Statement
Lesson A Objectives (continued)
• Write code that uses comparison operators and
logical operators
• Format numbers using the ToString method
• Change the case of a string

The Selection Structure
• Use the selection structure to make a decision or

comparison and select a particular set of tasks to
perform
• The selection structure is also called the decision
structure
• The condition must result in either a true (yes) or
false (no) answer

The Selection Structure (continued)
• If the condition is true, the program performs one

set of tasks
• If the condition is false, there may or may not be
a different set of tasks to perform
• Visual Basic .NET provides four forms of the
selection structure: If, If/Else, If/ElseIf/Else, and
Case

Writing Pseudocode for If
and If/Else Selection Structures
• An If selection structure contains only one set of
instructions, which are processed when the
condition is true
• An If/Else selection structure contains two sets of
instructions:
– One set is processed when the condition is true
– The other set is processed when the condition is
false

Flowcharting the If and If/Else
Selection Structures
start/stop oval
process rectangle
input/output parallelogram
selection/repetition diamond
symbols are connected by

flowlines

Flowcharting the If and If/Else
Selection Structures (continued)
T F T

Coding the If and
If/Else Selection Structures
If condition Then
statement block containing one or more
statements to be processed when the condition is
true
[Else
statement block containing one or more
statements to be processed when the condition is
false]
End If
Coding the If and
(continued)
• The items in square brackets ([ ]) in the syntax
are optional
• You do not need to include the Else portion
• Words in bold are essential components of the
statement

Coding the If and
(continued)
• Items in italic indicate where the programmer
must supply information pertaining to the current
application
• The set of statements contained in the true path,
as well as the statements in the false path, are
referred to as a statement block

Comparison Operators
= Is equal to
> Is Greater Than
>= Is Greater Than or Equal to
< Is Less Than
<= Is Less Than or Equal to
<> Is Not Equal to

Comparison Operators (continued)
• Comparison operators are also referred to as

relational operators
• All expressions containing a relational operator
will result in either a true or false answer only
• Comparison operators are evaluated from left to
right, and are evaluated after any mathematical
operators

10 + 3 < 5 * 2 7>3*4/2
• 5 * 2 is evaluated first, • 3 * 4 is evaluated first,
giving 10 giving 12
• 10 + 3 is evaluated • 12 / 2 is evaluated
second, giving 13 second, giving 6
• 13 < 10 is evaluated • 7 > 6 is evaluated last,
last, giving false giving true

Using a Comparison Operator
Dim first, second As Integer

If (first > second) Then
Dim temp As Integer
temp = first
first = second
first = temp
End If

Logical Operators
Not Reverses the truth value of condition; false becomes 1
true and true becomes false.
And All conditions connected by the And operator must be 2
true for the compound condition to be true.
AndAlso All conditions connected by the AndAlso operator must 2
be true for the compound condition to be true.
Or Only one of the conditions connected by the Or 3
operator needs to be true for the compound condition
to be true.
OrElse Only one of the conditions connected by the OrElse 3
operator needs to be true for the compound condition
to be true.
Xor One of the conditions connected by Xor must be true 4
for the compound condition to be true.
Logical Operators (continued)
• Truth table for Not operator
Result = Not Condition
If condition is Value of Result is

True False
False True

• Truth table for And operator
Result = condition1 And Condition2
If condition1 is And condition2 is Value of Result is

True True True
True False False
False True False
False False False

• Truth table for AndAlso operator
Result = condition1 AndAlso Condition2

True True True
True False False
False (not evaluated) False

• Truth table for Or operator
Result = condition1 Or Condition2

True True True
True False True
False True True
False False False
• Truth table for OrElse operator
Result = condition1 OrElse Condition2

True (not evaluated) True
False True True
False False False

• Truth table for Xor operator
Result = condition1 Xor Condition2

True True True
True False False
False True True
False False False

Figure 4-19: Order of

precedence for
arithmetic, comparison,
and logical operators

Using the ToString Method to Format
Numbers
• Use the ToString method to format a number
• Syntax: variablename.ToString(formatString)
• variablename is the name of a numeric variable

Using the ToString Method to Format
Numbers (continued)
• formatString is a string that specifies the format
– Must be enclosed in double quotation marks
– Takes the form Axx:
• A is an alphabetic character called the format
specifier
• xx is a sequence of digits called the precision
specifier

Comparing Strings
• Example 1: Using the OrElse operator
Dim letter As String
letter = Me.uiLetterTextBox.Text
If letter = “P” OrElse letter = “p” Then
Me.uiResultLabel.Text = “Pass”
Else
Me.uiResultLabel.Text = “Fail”
End if

Comparing Strings (continued)
• Example 2: Using the AndAlso operator

If letter <> “P” AndAlso letter <> “p” Then
Else
End if

• Example 3: Correct, but less efficient, solution
If letter = “P” OrElse letter = “p” Then
End If
If letter <> “P” AndAlso letter <> “p” Then
End if
• Example 4: Using the ToUpper method

If letter.ToUpper() = “P” Then
Else
End if

The Monthly Payment Calculator
Application
Lesson B Objectives
• Group objects using a GroupBox control
• Calculate a periodic payment using the
Financial.Pmt method
• Create a message box using the
MessageBox.Show method
• Determine the value returned by a message box

Completing the User Interface
• Herman Juarez has asked you to create an

application that he can use to calculate the
monthly payment on a car loan
• To make this calculation, the application needs:
– The loan amount (principal)
– The annual percentage rate (APR) of interest
– The life of the loan (term) in years

Completing the User Interface
(continued)
Figure 4-31: Sketch of the Monthly Payment Calculator user interface

Adding a Group Box Control to the
Form
• Use the GroupBox tool in the Toolbox window to
add a group box control to the interface
• A group box control serves as a container for
other controls
• Use a group box control to visually separate
related controls from other controls on the form

Coding the uiCalcPayButton Click
Event Procedure
• The uiCalcPayButton’s Click event procedure is
responsible for:
– Calculating the monthly payment amount
– Displaying the result in the uiPaymentLabel control
• Figure 4-37 shows the pseudocode for the
uiCalcPayButton’s Click event procedure

Coding the uiCalcPayButton Click
Event Procedure (continued)
Figure 4-37: Pseudocode for the uiCalcPayButton Click event

procedure
Using the Financial.Pmt Method
• Use the Visual Basic .NET Financial.Pmt method

to calculate a periodic payment on either a loan
or an investment
• Syntax:
Financial.Pmt(Rate, NPer, PV[, FV, Due])
• Rate: interest rate per period
• NPer: total number of payment periods (the term)

(continued)
• PV: present value of the loan or investment; the
present value of a loan is the loan amount,
whereas the present value of an investment is
zero
• FV: future value of the loan or investment; the
future value of a loan is zero, whereas the future
value of an investment is the amount you want to
accumulate; if omitted, the number 0 is assumed

(continued)
• Due: due date of payments; can be either the
constant DueDate.EndOfPeriod or the constant
DueDate.BegOfPeriod; if omitted,
DueDate.EndOfPeriod is assumed

The MessageBox.Show Method
• Use the MessageBox.Show method to display a

message box that contains text, one or more
buttons, and an icon
• Syntax: MessageBox.Show(text, caption,
buttons, icon[, defaultButton])
• text: text to display in the message box
• caption: text to display in the title bar of the
message box

The MessageBox.Show Method
(continued)
• buttons: buttons to display in the message box
• icon: icon to display in the message box
• defaultButton: button automatically selected
when the user presses Enter

Coding the TextChanged Event
• A control’s TextChanged event occurs when the

contents of a control’s Text property have
changed as a result of:
– The user entering data into the control, or
– The application’s code assigning data to the
control’s Text property

Coding the TextChanged Event
(continued)
• When the user makes a change to the
information entered in the three text box controls,
the Monthly Payment Calculator application
should delete the monthly payment displayed in
the uiPaymentLabel control

Completing the Monthly
Payment Calculator Application
Lesson C Objectives
• Specify the keys that a text box will accept
• Align the text in a label control
• Handle exceptions using a Try/Catch block

Coding the KeyPress Event
• Template
Private Sub uiPrincipalTextBox_KeyPress( _
ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal e As
System.Windows.Forms.KeyPressEventArgs) _
Handles uiPrincipalTextBox.KeyPress
• Setting e.Handled = True will cancel the key

Aligning the Text in a Label Control
• The TextAlign property controls the placement of

the text in a label control
• The TextAlign property can be set to TopLeft (the
default), TopCenter, TopRight, MiddleLeft,
MiddleCenter, MiddleRight, BottomLeft,
BottomCenter, or BottomRight

Using a Try/Catch Block
• An exception is an error that occurs while a

program is running
• Use the Try statement to catch (or trap) an
exception when it occurs in a program
• Use a Catch statement to take the appropriate
action to resolve the problem
• A block of code that uses both the Try and Catch
statements is referred to as a Try/Catch block

Using a Try/Catch Block (continued)
Try
one or more statements that might generate an
exception
Catch [variablename As exceptionType]
one or more statements that will execute when
an exceptionType exception occurs
[Catch [variablename As exceptionType]
one or more statements that will execute when
an exceptionType exception occurs]
End Try
Summary
• To evaluate an expression containing arithmetic,

comparison, and logical operators, evaluate
arithmetic operators first, then comparison
operators, and then logical operators
• To code a selection structure, use the
If...Then...Else statement
• To create a compound condition, use the logical
operators

Summary (continued)
• Use the GroupBox tool to add a group box

control to the form; drag controls from the form or
the Toolbox window into the group box control
• To calculate a periodic payment on either a loan
or an investment, use the Financial.Pmt method
• To display a message box that contains text, one
or more buttons, and an icon, use the
MessageBox.Show method

Summary (continued)
• To allow a text box to accept only certain keys,

code the text box’s KeyPress event
• To align the text in a control, set the control’s
TextAlign property
• To catch an exception, and then have the
computer take the appropriate action, use a
Try/Catch block

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Chapter 4: The Selection Structure

Programming with Microsoft Visual

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 2

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 3

• Use the selection structure to make a decision or

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 4

• If the condition is true, the program performs one

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 5

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 6

symbols are connected by

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 7

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 8

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 10

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 11

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 12

• Comparison operators are also referred to as

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 13

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 14

Using a Comparison Operator

Dim first, second As Integer

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 15

• Truth table for Not operator

Result = Not Condition

If condition is Value of Result is

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 17

• Truth table for And operator

Result = condition1 And Condition2

If condition1 is And condition2 is Value of Result is

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 18

• Truth table for AndAlso operator

Result = condition1 AndAlso Condition2

If condition1 is And condition2 is Value of Result is

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 19

• Truth table for Or operator

Result = condition1 Or Condition2

If condition1 is And condition2 is Value of Result is

• Truth table for OrElse operator

Result = condition1 OrElse Condition2

If condition1 is And condition2 is Value of Result is

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 21

• Truth table for Xor operator

Result = condition1 Xor Condition2

If condition1 is And condition2 is Value of Result is

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 22

Figure 4-19: Order of

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 23

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 24

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 25

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 26

• Example 2: Using the AndAlso operator

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 27

• Example 4: Using the ToUpper method

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 29

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 30

• Herman Juarez has asked you to create an

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 31

Figure 4-31: Sketch of the Monthly Payment Calculator user interface

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 33

Programming with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET, Second Edition 34

Figure 4-37: Pseudocode for the uiCalcPayButton Click event