Module 5 NCBA100 - Directing

Subject Code : NCBA100
Subject name : Manager’s Tool Kit
CREDIT UNITS:02
Dr. Shaifali Garg

Associate Professor
Leadership
“Leadership is interpersonal influence exercised in a situation and directed through

communication process, towards the attainment of a specified goal or goals”.
In corporate terms, leadership is the process by which an executive imaginatively

directs, guides and influences the work of others in choosing and attaining specified
goals, by mediating between individuals and the organization in such a manner that
obtain maximum satisfaction.
Functions of leader
Seven Functions Of Leadership
•Setting goals. A leader's most important function is to set goals for team
members to encourage them to work confidently and enthusiastically.
•Organizing.
•Take initiatives.
•Cooperation among employees.
•Motivation and direction.
•Liaison between workers and management.
•Policy making.
Theories of Leadership
1) Trait theory
This theory of leadership is based on the assumptions that there are certain distinguishing
characteristics, qualities or traits that make an individual a leader on the basis of which he
can be distinguished from other persons. A leader is the sum total of the traits. There was
a method for identifying some traits. The method was to ask the successful leader himself
to explain followers.
Keith Davis is a researcher, have pooled together the following 4 traits that are shared by
most successful leaders.
a) Intelligence: Leader tends to have somewhat higher intelligence than their followers.
b) Social Maturity: Leader tends to be emotionally matured and have a broad interest
range. They have high tolerance and broad interest range.
c) Inner Motivation and Achievement Drive: Leader want to achieve things when they
achieve one thing seek out another.
d) Human Relation Attitudes: Leaders develop a healthy respect for people and realize
that to accomplish tasks, they consider other also.
Strengths/Advantages of Trait Theory
 It is naturally pleasing theory.
 It is valid as lot of research has validated the foundation and basis of the theory.
 It serves as a yardstick against which the leadership traits of an individual can be
assessed.
It gives a detailed knowledge and understanding of the leader element in the leadership
process
Limitations of the Trait Theory
 There is bound to be some subjective judgment in determining who is regarded as a
‘good’ or ‘successful’ leader
 The list of possible traits tends to be very long. More than 100 different traits of
successful leaders in various leadership positions have been identified. These
descriptions are simply generalities.
 There is also a disagreement over which traits are the most important for an effective
leader
 The model attempts to relate physical traits such as, height and weight, to effective
leadership. Most of these factors relate to situational factors. For example, a minimum
weight and height might be necessary to perform the tasks efficiently in a military
leadership position. In business organizations, these are not the requirements to be an
effective leader.
The theory is very complex
Behavioural Theory
This theory emphasizes that strong leadership is the result of effective role behavior.
Behavioral Leadership is the study of the actions or behaviors that define a leadership
style. These concentrate on what leaders actually do rather than on their qualities. Different
patterns of behavior are observed and categorized as 'styles of leadership'. According to
this theory, group needs someone to perform 2 major functions or styles:
i) Task-Oriented Styles (Problem solving function)

It relates to provide solution to the problem faced by the groups in performing jobs and
activities. It aims at getting the work done through employees without emphasizing on
growth and development of employees.
It defines the extent to which a leader engages in one-way communication, telling the
group members what to do, where to do, when to do and how to do. It closely supervises
the employees’ performance. Leader behavior is defined in terms of structure, control and
supervision.
ii) Employee-Oriented Styles (Group Maintenance function)
It relates to action of mediating disputes and ensuring that individuals feel valued by the
group. Aims at completion of the task but leaders show friendly behavior towards the
follower and allow them to participate in decision-making processes. This develops
creative skill and prepares them to grow into potential managers.
Leadership behavior may be viewed in 2 ways:
a) Functional Behavior
This behavior influences followers positively includes such function as setting clear
goals, motivating employees for achieving goals, building team spirits and effective two
way communication.
b) Dysfunctional Behavior
This behavior is unfavorable to the followers and denotes ineffective leadership. Such a
behavior may be inability to accept employees ideas, display of emotional immaturity,
poor human relations etc.
Styles of Leadership

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Subject Code : NCBA100

Subject name : Manager’s Tool Kit

Dr. Shaifali Garg

“Leadership is interpersonal influence exercised in a situation and directed through

In corporate terms, leadership is the process by which an executive imaginatively

i) Task-Oriented Styles (Problem solving function)

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