SINGAPOREE

SINGAPORE
By: Deepika
Prachi Verma
INTRODUCTION
• Singapore was a county with widespread poverty and
unemployment ,high crime rate ,drug related problem’s, frequent
riots, overpopulation and illiteracy as well.
• Singapore is derived from Sanskrit word singh (lion) pura (city) . It’s
considered as a part of 4 Asian tigers means 4 developed country in
Asia that is South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore.
• There are five religions including Buddhist Christians, Muslim, Taroist
and Hindu. Ethnicity 74.5%, Chinese 13.5% Malays is 9% Indians
(including Tamil Bengali in Punjabi). The original inhabitants of
Singapore are called oran laut.
HISTORY
• Singapore has a rich and complex history that spans centuries, shaped by various
cultures, trade, and political influences.
• Singapore's history spans from its early settlement to its rise as a global hub. Originally
part of the Srivijaya Empire, the island became a key port in the 15th century under the
Sultanate of Malacca.
• In 1819, Sir Stamford Raffles established a British trading post, and Singapore grew
into a vital colonial port. During world war 2, it was occupied by Japan from 1942 to
1945.
• After the war, Singapore gained self-governance in 1959 and briefly merged with
Malaysia in 1963, only to become an independent nation on August 9, 1965.
• Under the leadership of Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore transformed into a prosperous,
modern city-state. Today, it is a global financial and trade hub.
CHALLENGES
• Aging Population: With one of the world’s fastest-aging populations, Singapore
faces pressures on healthcare, pensions, and a shrinking workforce, requiring
policies to address workforce shortages and support elderly citizens.
• Income Inequality: While Singapore is economically prosperous, income
disparity remains an issue, and the government has worked to implement
policies to ensure more inclusive growth.
• Environmental Sustainability: As a small, resource-limited island, Singapore
faces challenges in managing land scarcity, climate change, and environmental
conservation, despite efforts in green urban planning and renewable energy.
• Global Competition: As a global financial and tech hub, Singapore faces
increasing competition from other cities in attracting investments, talent, and
maintaining its competitive edge.
• Geopolitical Tensions: Being a small nation in a region with geopolitical
tensions, especially in its relations with neighboring countries, Singapore must
navigate complex diplomacy while ensuring its security and economic stability.
POLITICAL SYSTEM
• Colonial Era (1819–1959): Singapore was a British colony with limited self-government
until 1959 when it gained full internal self-rule . Merger and Independence (1963–1965):
Singapore joined Malaysia in 1963 but separated in 1965 to become an independent
republic, with the People’s Action Party (PAP) led by Lee Kuan Yew in power. Post-
Independence (1965–1980s): The PAP focused on rapid economic development, social
stability, and strong centralized control, maintaining a dominant position in politics.
• Political Liberalization (1990s–2000s): Under Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong, there
were gradual reforms, allowing limited political space for opposition parties, though PAP
remained dominant.
• Modern Era (2010s–Present): Leadership passed to Lee Hsien Loong, continuing PAP
dominance but with growing opposition influence, particularly from the Workers’ Party.
The political system is often seen as soft authoritarian with a strong emphasis on
economic success and political stability.
M O D E R N IS A T IO N
• The modernization of Singapore is a transformative story that began

after its independence in 1965. Initially, the government, led by Lee
Kuan Yew, focused on industrialization, attracting foreign investment,
and building infrastructure like housing, transportation, and education
systems.
• By the 1990s, Singapore shifted to a knowledge-based economy,
becoming a global financial hub and embracing high-tech industries
such as biotech and IT.
• In the 2010s, Singapore launched the Smart Nation initiative, focusing
on digital technologies, sustainability, and green growth. The country
has invested in smart city technologies, renewable energy, and digital
services, while also enhancing social safety nets.
• Today, Singapore is recognized for its advanced economy, sustainable
urban development, and technological innovation
MEASURES ADOPTED BY THE GOVERNMENT:
• Meritocracy and Education: Singapore invested heavily in education, ensuring

high standards and equal opportunities for all. This helped build a skilled
workforce, fostering economic growth.
• Economic Openness: Policies encouraging free trade, attracting foreign
investment, and building a strong financial sector contributed to Singapore's
position as a global economic hub.
• Public Housing: The government implemented mass public housing programs,
providing affordable homes for citizens, promoting social stability, and preventing
urban slums.
• Anti-Corruption Measures: A strong commitment to fighting corruption helped
create a transparent, efficient, and stable government, fostering
investor confidence.
• Sustainability and Innovation: Singapore has invested in smart city
technologies, environmental sustainability, and a knowledge-based economy,
ensuring long-term growth.
ECONOMY
• Singapore's economy is globally competitive and has a business-friendly regulatory
environment. The country's economy contracted in 2020 but rebounded in 2021.
• Development Singapore has a high level of human capital development and a high
HDI score. The country has a high average life expectancy and low infant mortality
rate.
• Population Singapore is heavily urbanized and has a high population density. The
country has low birth and population growth rates, which have raised the median age.
• Security The Singapore Police Force and Singapore Armed Forces maintain internal
security.
• The Singapore Police Force and Singapore Armed Forces maintain internal security.
The government has prosecuted officials who committed human rights abuses.
THANK YOU

SINGAPOREE

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• The modernization of Singapore is a transformative story that began

• Meritocracy and Education: Singapore invested heavily in education, ensuring

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