01 Later Mughals

AAA-BRIGHT ACADEMY CHANDIGARH
MODERN HISTORY
LATER MUGHALS
LECTURE –
MUGHAL EMPIRE FAMILY TREE

 After the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, the process of disintegration
and decline of Mughal Empire began. An all India empire in 1707 had
shrunk to a few kilometres around Delhi and finally collapsed down
by 1857.
• A war of succession began amongst his 3 sons,

• Muazzam – the governor of Kabul,
• Azam – the governor of Gujarat and
• Kam Baksh – the governor of Deccan.
• By defeating both Azam at Janjau in 1707 and Kam Baksh near
Hyderabad in 1708, Muazzam ascended the Mughal throne.
 He assumed the title of Bahadur Shah 1.

 BAHADUR SHAH 1 (1707-1712)
• Also known as Shah Alam 1.
• He tried to reverse some of the narrow-minded
policies of Aurangzeb and adopted a tolerant
attitude towards the Hindus.
• Half-hearted policies towards Marathas – He released the Shahu, son of
Chhatrapati Shambaji in 1707. Also granted the right of Sardeshmukhi to the
Marathas but not the Chauth. He also did not recognize the Shahu as a Maratha
ruler.
• Policy of Conciliation towards Rajput’s -He first annexed the two Important
Rajput provinces – Jodhpur (Marwar) ruled by Ajit Singh and Amber (Jaipur)
ruled by Jai Singh who declared independence after the death of Aurangzeb.
• Later on, he made a peace agreement with the Rajput’s and both the rulers were
restored again in the same in the same position as earlier but rejected their demand of
high mansabs (ranks). In return, they accepted the sovereignty of Mughal Empire.
• Towards Sikhs –Bahadur Shah had a friendly relation with the Guru Govind Singh.
But after the death of the Guru, the Sikhs rosed the banner of revolt under the
leadership of Banda Bahadur.
• Towards other rulers - He made a peace settlement with the chief Chhatrasal, the
Bundela Chief and the Jat Churaman. Both the leaders joined the Shah against the
Banda Bahadur.
• Kafi Khan called him SHAH-i-Bekhabar (Headless King)- because he lavishly

granted the jagirs and promotions.
 JAHANDAR SHAH (1712-13)
• After the death of Bahadur Shah in 1712, his son
Jahandar Shah became the Mughal emperor with the
help of Zulfiqar Khan, the powerful noble in Mughal
court. Zulfiqar was awarded with the post of Wazir
(Prime minister). He was a weak ruler and real
authority lie in the hands Zulfiqar Khan.
• He Abolished the Jizyah
• Zulfiqar Khan managed improve the finances of the empire by checking &
maintaining the reckless growth of Jagirs and offices. He ordered and forced the
Mansabdars to maintain their official quota of troops.
• Introduced the practice of Ijarah (Revenue Farming)
• Jahandar shah defeated by Farrukh Siyar at Agra. Zulfiqar Khan was executed later on.
FARRUKHSIYAR (1713-1719)
• Farrukh siyar became Emperor with the help of Sayyid Brother-
Abdullah Khan & Hussain Ali Khan.
• The Sayyid Brothers also known as kingmakers.
• In return they were appointed as the Wazir & Mirbakshi.
• IN 1716, Banda Bahadur was captured and murdered by Farrukh Siyar 1717-
Issuance of Farman to the East India Company – company was allowed to trade
in Bengal without paying any taxes
• He given the title of Nizam-ul-mulk to the Chin Kilich Khan and mansab of 7000.
• Same like Zulfiqar Khan, real powers remained in the hands of Sayyid Brothers. In
1719 Sayyid brothers with the help of Peshwa Balaju Vishwanath ,dethroned
farrukhsiyar .Later he was blinded and killed.
 MUHAMMAD SHAH RANGEELA (1719-

1748)
• After Farrukh, Sayyid Brothers brought

two young princes named Rafi-ud-Darajat
& Rafi-ud- Daula (Shah-Jahan II) to the
Mughal throne.
• Finally, Roshan Akhtar, the son of

Jahandar Shah was made the Mughal
Emperor under the title of Muhammad
Shah in 1719.
• The Sayyid bothers adopted a policy of religious tolerance and even
abolished the Jizyah as well as the pilgrimage taxes at many places.
They also followed a policy of Cooperation with the Rajput, Marathas,
and Jats & Bundellas.
• Due to the power struggle & court politics, Muhammad Shah ended
the rule of Sayyid Brothers by killing Hussain Ali (1720) and
defeating Abdullah Khan at Hasanpur (1720) with the help of Nizam-ul-
mulk. Nizam-Ul-Mulk appointed as Wazir in 1722.
• 1724- : Nizam-ul-mulk founded state of Hyderabad.

• Foundation of 3 new state – Hyderabad, Bengal
and Awadh. But they did\ not challenge the
sovereignty of Mughal Empire.
• Independent Kingdoms: Mysore, Kerala, Rajput
• New States formed: Marathas, Jats, Sikhs
• 1737 – The Marathas under the leadership of
Bajirao I annexed Gujrat, Malwa & Bundelkhand.
They marched towards the Delhi & raided it by
defeating the mighty Mughal army.
• 29 Feb, 1739 – Battle of Karnal: Nadir Shah
defeated the Mughal army and plundered the wealth
of Delhi & Mughal. He also took away royal throne
Takht-e-Taus (peacock throne) and Kohinoor
diamond.
 AHMAD SHAH (1748-54)
• Invasion of Ahmad Shah Abdali twice in
1749 & 1752.
• Ahmad Shah ceded Punjab & Multan to the
Abdali.
 ALAMGIR 2 (1754-1759)
• Ahmad Shah Abdali again invaded Delhi in
1757.
• Battle of Plassey was faught during his
reign.
 SHAH JAHAN 3 (1759-60)

Deposed by the Marathas who captured
Delhi in 1760
 SHAH ALAM 2 (1759-1806)
I. The defeat of Marathas in the Battle of Panipat
(1761) by Ahmed Shah Abdali (Marathas supporting
Shah Alam
II. Because of this, he came to be known as Fugitive
Mughal Emperor
• 1764 – Battle of Buxar
• 1772- He became ruler with the help of Marathas
• 1803- English captured the Delhi & Shah Alam
became the British Pensioner.
 AKBAR SHAH 2 (1806-1837)
• He sent Raja Ram Mohan Roy as an ambassador to
England for a purpose to raise the pension. He gave the
title of Raja to ram mohan roy.
 BAHADUR SHAH 2 (1837-57)

• He was the last Mughal emperor. Also known as
Bahadur Shah Zafar
• He participated in the Revolt of 1857.
• He was captured by Major William Hudson and exiled
him to the Rangoon. He died in 1862 & thus Mughal
Dynasty came to an end.

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AAA-BRIGHT ACADEMY CHANDIGARH

MUGHAL EMPIRE FAMILY TREE

• A war of succession began amongst his 3 sons,

 He assumed the title of Bahadur Shah 1.

• Kafi Khan called him SHAH-i-Bekhabar (Headless King)- because he lavishly

 MUHAMMAD SHAH RANGEELA (1719-

• After Farrukh, Sayyid Brothers brought

• Finally, Roshan Akhtar, the son of

• 1724- : Nizam-ul-mulk founded state of Hyderabad.

 SHAH JAHAN 3 (1759-60)

 BAHADUR SHAH 2 (1837-57)

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