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    Pipa Dan Fitting

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    Pipa Dan Fitting

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    violetahapsari8
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    0 views14 pages

    Pipa Dan Fitting

    Uploaded by

    violetahapsari8

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    PIPE AND FITTING

    Dr. Ratna Dewi Kusumaningtyas

    Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik


    Universitas Negeri Semarang
    PIPE AND FITTING

     Fluid can be transferred from one place to another via open channels or
    closed duck.
     Closed duck which are commonly found in chemical industry is piping system
    (pipe and fitting)
     Fitting is accessories needed in piping such as joint/connectors, bends, pipe
    branch connection/ branch fitting, valve, pipe reducer, expansion, adapter,
    coupling etc.
     The discussion about pipe and fitting usually covers types and standard size
    of pipe

    Assignment 1:
    Give example of open channel and closed duck system in daily life
    TYPES OF PIPE AND FITTING

    Based on the material of pipe and fitting:

    1. Metal
    a. Ferrous metallic pipe
    b. Non ferrous metallic pipe

    2. Non Metal
    Ex: Asbestos, cement pipe, carbon, graphite, pvc, glass, and ceramics.
    METALLIC PIPE

    Metallic Pipe
    1. Ferrous metallic pipe
     Standardization is made by American Standart Association (ASA)
    Types of ferrous metallic pipe:
     Wrought-iron : it is resistant to corrosion and is usually used for hot water piping and
    underground installations.
     Wrought-steel pipe : commonly used for general purpose
     Electric resistance welded steel pipe: used for high temperature installation (>260oC).
     Stainless steel pipe :
    - Piping for the system involving corrosive material
    - For food industry (with purpose: food safety)

    2. Non Ferrous metallic pipe


     Such as pipes made of copper, nickel, bronze, brass
     Used for specific purpose such as for corrosive material or for heat transfer installation
    (good conductivity)
    STANDARD SIZE OF PIPE AND FITTING

     Pipe and fitting have standard size made by ASA


     The generally accepted Standard Size which is applied for metallic pipe.
     Non metallic pipe does not have standard size which is generally

    Standard Size of Metallic Pipe includes:


    1. Length Size
    The standard pipe length is 16 ft to 22 ft, therefore fitting and connection is needed in piping system to
    obtained the desired length of pipe.

    2. Pipe Diameter
    The size of pipe and fitting is stated in the form of nominal diameter (NPS = nominal pipe size) and pipe
    wall thickness. Nominal diameter is not inside diameter nor outside diameter. For steel pipe, the nominal
    diameter (NPS) has values between 1/8 inch to 30 inch.

    3. Pipe Thickness
    The standar thickness of pipe wall is stated in the form of Schedule Number (Sch.No.).
    Sch.No is determined based on the pressure in the pipe and the allowable stress for the type pf pipe used.
    Therefore, pipe wall thickness is not a standard quantity which is generally accepted, but it applied for
    specific types of pipe.
    STANDARD SIZE OF PIPE AND FITTING

    1000 P
    Sch. No 
    S

    Where P = Work pressure in the pipe (force/ area)


    S = Allowable stress on the pipe at the operation condition applied

     There are 10 values of Sch.No., i.e. : 12, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, and 160.
     The selection of Sch.No.  Sch.No. used should be higher than the calculated/ required
    Sch. No. to ensure the safety
     The information about the Sch.No. (pipe thickness) and NPS is needed to determine the
    outside and inside diameter of the pipe

    Table 1 show the standard size of a specific type of pipe


    STANDARD SIZE OF PIPE AND FITTING
    Schedule 10 Schedule 40 Schedule 80 Schedule
    Pipe
    ** ** ** 160 **
    Nom. Wall Wall Wall Wall
    Size ID ID ID ID
    (in)
    OD
    (in)
    Thick.
    (in)
    Thick.
    (in)
    Thick.
    (in)
    Thick. Table 1:
    (in) (in) (in) (in) (in)
    Pipe Scheduling
    1/8 0.405 0.307 0.049 0.269 0.068 0.215 0.095
    Standard Size for Steel Pipe
    ¼ 0.540 0.410 0.065 0.364 0.088 0.302 0.119
    3/8 0.675 0.545 0.083 0.493 0.091 0.423 0.126
    ½ 0.840 0.674 0.083 0.622 0.109 0.546 0.147 0.466 0.187
    ¾ 1.050 0.884 0.109 0.824 0.113 0.742 0.154 0.614 0.218
    1 1.315 1.097 0.109 1.049 0.133 0.957 0.179 0.815 0.250
    1-1/4 1.660 1.442 0.109 1.380 0.140 1.278 0.191 1.160 0.250
    1-1/2 1.900 1.682 0.109 1.610 0.145 1.500 0.200 1.338 0.281
    2 2.375 2.157 0.109 2.067 0.154 1.939 0.218 1.689 0.343
    2-1/2 2.875 2.635 0.120 2.469 0.203 2.323 0.276 2.125 0.375
    3 3.500 3.260 0.120 3.068 0.216 2.900 0.300 2.626 0.437
    4 4.500 4.260 0.120 4.026 0.237 3.826 0.337 3.438 0.531
    5 5.563 5.295 0.134 5.047 0.258 4.813 0.375 4.313 0.625
    6 6.625 6.357 0.134 6.065 0.280 5.761 0.432 5.189 0.718
    8 8.625 8.329 0.148 7.981 0.322 7.625 0.500 6.813 0.906
    SELECTION OF PIPE SIZE

     If the fluid can flow by itself (due to gravity) without the assistance of a pump, then
    the selected pipe is: choose the pipe diameter as small as possible but still provides
    normal flow and flow. Reason: The price of pipes will increase as the diameter
    increases.

     If in flowing the fluid, additional mechanical energy is required (which is provided by


    the pump or compressor), it is necessary to select the pipe size in order to provide
    the smallest possible total cost. In this case, for the same debit, if the pipe diameter
    is large, the cost of purchasing the pipe is high but the fluid flow velocity is low. By
    using a large diameter pipe, the friction that occurs between the pipe wall and the
    flowing fluid is lower, and thus the pumping costs are also lower. Hence the
    optimum diameter which give lower pipe cost and lower pumping cost (low friction)
    is needed.
    RULE OF THUMB

    The range of optimum fluid velocity in pipe

    Velocity, m/s Pressure Drop, kPa/m

    Liquid (not pumped) - 0.05


    Non viscous liquid (pumped) 1-3 0.5

    Gas/vapor 15-30 0.02 of the operating pressure


    High pressure vapor 30-60 -

     Choose the pipe diameter size which give the optimum velocity
    RULE OF THUMB

     Rase (1953) use the correlation between the velocity and the pipe diameter
    d = pipe diameter

    Velocity, m/s
    Pump Discharge (0.06d+0,4) m/s
    Pump Suction (0.02d+0,1) m/s
    Steam/vapor 0.2 d m/s
     Simson (1968) use the correlation between optimum velocity with the fluid density:

    rho, kg/m3 1600 800 160 16 0.16 0.016


    Velocity, m/s 2.4 3 4.9 9.8 18 34

    The maximum velocity has to be controlled to avoid the erosion. For gas/ vapor the maximum velocity is
    0.3 x speed of sound
    FITTING

    Fitting is one piece (part) that has specific function:

     Joining two pipes, for example: coupling, union


     Change the direction of pipe flow, for example: an elbow, tee
     Change the pipe diameter, for example: a reducer
     Terminating pipelines, for example: plug, valve
     Combining two streams into one stream, for example: tee
     Control the flow, for example: a faucet or valve

    Assignment:
    Carilah jenis2 fitting dan fungsinya besarnya gambarnya
    VALVE

    Valve is a type of fitting which has function to control the fluid flow or to open/ close the flow

    The selection of valve type to use is based on several consideration:


    1. Type of fluid flowing
    2. Number of flow
    3. Purpose or function of the valve:
    a. To control the flow rate which flows in pipe with high equivalent length (Le)
    ex: gate valve, globe valve, and needle valve
    b. To control the direction of the flow (example case: if the backflow is undesired)
    ex: swing check valve, angle check valve and ball check valve
    c. To open/ close the flow (shut off valves)
    for the shut off valves, it must be completely closed when closed, and provide little
    resistance to flow when it is open. Gate types, plugs and ball valves can be used for
    this purpose.
    VALVE

    To control the flow rate, the valve must be able to provide good control (smooth control)
    over the entire flow range from tightly closed to fully open. For this purpose globe valves
    can be used. While for gas/ steam, control butterfly valves can be used.

     Gate valves: by turning the stem, the disc will go up or down.


    - When it goes up, the fluid flow hole is bigger, so the flow speed is higher.
    - By turning only a little, the flow hole will rise considerably. so it will be difficult to
    use to control the flow rate.
    - This valve is suitable for opening / closing flow.
    - There are two types of gate valves: rising stem valve and non rising stem valve.

    Assignment 2:
    Describe various types of fitting and valve: function, application, and pictures for
    illustration
    http://www.thepipefittings.com/pipe-fittings-types.html
    ThankYou

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