Session2-AI-Intelligence-Knowledge

Fundamental of AI- Intelligence, Knowledge
Prof. Sushil Kumar Azad
School of Engineering & Technology

K.R. Mangalam University, Gurugram (Haryana)
What you think?
Can machines think? And if so, how?

And if not, why not?
And what does this say about human

beings?
And what does this say about the mind?

I propose to consider the question:
Can Machine think?
3
What is intelligence?
Intelligence is the computational part of the ability to achieve

goals in the world.
Varying kinds and degrees of intelligence occur in people,

many animals and some machines.
4
Intelligence
• The ability to learn or understand or to deal

with new or trying situations.
• The ability to apply knowledge to

manipulate one's environment or to think
abstractly as measured by objective criteria.
• The ability to reason, to trigger new

thoughts and to perceive, is Intelligence.
5
Agents Theories
• Intelligence is reflected by a collective behaviors of large
numbers of very simple interacting, semi-autonomous
individuals – agents
• Various agents
• Rote agents
• Coordination agents
• Search agents
• Learning agents
• Decision agents
• Agents design
• Structure for information representation
• Search strategies
• Architecture for supporting the interaction of agents
6
Intelligent Agents
• Definition: An Intelligent Agent perceives it environment via
sensors and acts rationally upon that environment with its
effectors.
• Hence, an agent gets percepts one at a time, and maps
this percept sequence to actions.
• Properties
–Autonomous
–Interacts with other agents plus the environment
–Reactive to the environment
–Pro-active (goal- directed)
Models of Intelligence
• Logic Models
• Formal logic
• Probability logic
• Fuzzy logic
• Non-monotonic logic
• Biological Models
• Connectionist model
• Genetic algorithms
• Evolution
• Social Models
• Network models
• Behaviors
• Agents -- Combination
8
Knowledge
• Knowledge is the information about a

domain that can be used to solve
problems in that domain.
• To solve many problems requires

much knowledge, and this knowledge
must be represented in the computer.
9
The Knowledge Pyramid
Figure: A knowledge pyramid in Artificial Intelligence
10
Types of Knowledge
• Domain Specific Knowledge

• Knowledge about fact
• Knowledge about fact
• Knowledge about events
• Knowledge about performance
• Knowledge about Knowledge (Meta- Knowledge)
1. Meta Assertion (Belief about Beliefs)
2. Meta Rules (if, then else)
• Common Sense Knowledge
11
Artificial Intelligence
• A branch of computer science dealing with

the simulation of intelligent behavior in
computers.
• Artificial intelligence leverages computers

and machines to mimic the problem-solving
and decision-making capabilities of the
human mind.
12
Artificial Intelligence
• The ideal characteristic of artificial

intelligence is its ability to rationalize and
take actions that have the best chance of
achieving a specific goal.
13
Problems of AI:
Intelligence does not imply perfect understanding; every intelligent

being has limited perception, memory and computation.
AI seeks to understand the computations required from intelligent

behaviour and to produce computer systems that exhibit intelligence.
Aspects of intelligence studied by AI include perception,

communicational using human languages, reasoning, planning,
learning and memory.
Advantages of Artificial Intelligence:
o High Accuracy with less errors: AI machines or systems are

prone to less errors and high accuracy as it takes decisions as
per pre-experience or information.
o High-Speed: AI systems can be of very high-speed and fast-

decision making, because of that AI systems can beat a chess
champion in the Chess game.
o High reliability: AI machines are highly reliable and can
perform the same action multiple times with high accuracy.
Advantages of AI ( continued…)
o Useful for risky areas: AI machines can be helpful in situations such as defusing a
bomb, exploring the ocean floor, where to employ a human can be risky.
o Digital Assistant: AI can be very useful to provide digital assistant to the users such
as AI technology is currently used by various Ecommerce websites to show the
products as per customer requirement.
o Useful as a public utility: AI can be very useful for public utilities such as a self-
driving car which can make our journey safer and hassle-free, facial recognition for
security purpose, Natural language processing to communicate with the human in
human-language, etc.
Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence:
o High Cost: The hardware and software requirement of

AI is very costlyas it requires lots of maintenance to
meet current world requirements.
o Can't think out of the box: Even we are making smarter

machines with AI, but still they cannot work out of the
box, as the robot will only do that work for which they are
trained, or programmed.
o No feelings and emotions: AI machines can be an

outstanding performer, but still it does not have the
feeling so it cannot make any kind of emotional
attachment with human, and may sometime be harmful
for users if the proper care is not taken.
Disadvantages of AI ( Continued…)
o Increase dependency on machines: With the increment

of technology, people are getting more dependent on
devices and hence they are losing their mental
capabilities.
o No Original Creativity: As humans are so creative and can

imagine some new ideas but still AI machines cannot beat
this power of human intelligence and cannot be creative
and imaginative

Session2-AI-Intelligence-Knowledge

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Session2-AI-Intelligence-Knowledge

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Session2-AI-Intelligence-Knowledge

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Fundamental of AI- Intelligence, Knowledge

Prof. Sushil Kumar Azad

School of Engineering & Technology

Can machines think? And if so, how?

And what does this say about human

And what does this say about the mind?

Can Machine think?

Intelligence is the computational part of the ability to achieve

Varying kinds and degrees of intelligence occur in people,

• The ability to learn or understand or to deal

• The ability to apply knowledge to

• The ability to reason, to trigger new

• Knowledge is the information about a

• To solve many problems requires

Figure: A knowledge pyramid in Artificial Intelligence

• Domain Specific Knowledge

• A branch of computer science dealing with

• Artificial intelligence leverages computers

• The ideal characteristic of artificial

Intelligence does not imply perfect understanding; every intelligent

AI seeks to understand the computations required from intelligent

Aspects of intelligence studied by AI include perception,

o High Accuracy with less errors: AI machines or systems are

o High-Speed: AI systems can be of very high-speed and fast-

o High Cost: The hardware and software requirement of

o Can't think out of the box: Even we are making smarter

o No feelings and emotions: AI machines can be an

o Increase dependency on machines: With the increment

o No Original Creativity: As humans are so creative and can

You might also like