MDB 203_ 0 INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL BIOCHEMISTRY

INTRODUCTION
TO
GENERAL
BIOCHEMISTRY
What Is Biochemistry?
The word ‘BIOCHEMISTRY’-
means -Chemistry of Living
beings or Chemical Basis of
Life.
“Life” in Biochemistry point of
view is:
Hundreds of Biochemical
reactions and Biochemical
processes
Occurring in sub cellular

organelles of a cell in an
organized manner.
Biochemistry is a
branch of life science:
Which deals with the
Study of Biochemical
Reactions and Processes
Occurring in living cells
of organisms.
Branches of Biochemistry
Medical Biochemistry-Deals
with chemical basis of human
body.
Clinical Biochemistry-Deals with

clinical diseases/pathological
conditions of human body.
Clinical Biochemistry
supports:
Diagnosis, Therapy and

Research of Medical field.
Bacterial Biochemistry-Deals with
Microbes.
Plant Biochemistry- Deals with Plants.
Animal Biochemistry-Deals with animals.
Industrial Biochemistry-Deals with

industrial products involved with
microorganisms.
Historical Developments
of
Biochemistry
Biochemistry emerged in the late 18th
and early 19th century.
The term Biochemistry was first

introduced by the German Chemist Carl
Neuberg in 1903.
In the 1940s Clinical Biochemistry

evolved, as an autonomous field.
S.No Pioneer Workers Discovery/Work
1 Berzilus Enzymes Catalysis
2 Edward Buchner Enzyme Extraction
3 Louis Pasteur Fermentation Process
4 Lohmann Role of Creatine PO4 in

muscles
5 Hans Kreb TCA Cycle
6 Banting and Macleod Insulin
7 Fiske and Subbarow Role of ATPs

S.No Pioneer Worker Discovery/Work
8 Watson and Crick Double Stranded

DNA
9 Landsteiner Protein Structure
10 Peter Mitchell Oxidative
Phosphorylation
11 Nirenberg Genetic Code on
mRNA
12 Paul Berg Recombinant DNA
Technology
13 Karry Mullis Polymerase Chain
Reaction
14 Khorana Synthesized Gene
Aim And Objectives
To Study
Biochemistry
To know the various
Biomolecules composed in
Human body:
 Chemistry/Structure
 Occurrence/Location
 Functions/Role
Biochemical research
has impact on Nutrition
& Preventive Medicine.
Determination of mode of
action of Biomolecules is by:
Isolation and Structural

elucidation of Biomolecules.
Understand completely
all the organized
Biochemical processes
Occurring in living cells
at the molecular/sub
cellular level .
 Identification of disease
mechanisms:
 Study of Inborn Errors of

metabolism.
 Study of Oncogenes in cancer

cells.
Syllabus Of Biochemistry
Medical Biochemistry
Medical or Human Biochemistry is a
branch of Biochemistry which deals with:
Biochemical constituents of human
body
Their interactions in body cells
To maintain normal health, growth
and reproduction and related diseases.
Chemical Composition of Human body
Study of Biochemical
aspects of Cell and its
sub cellular organelles.
Study of various Biochemical constituents of
cell:
(Chemistry, properties , functions, metabolism
and related disorders).
① Carbohydrates
② Lipids
③ Proteins
④ Vitamins
⑤ Minerals
⑥ Water
Metabolism of Biomolecules
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Transport
Uptake and
Assimilation of food constituents in
human body.
Catabolic and Anabolic
pathways related to
Biomolecules for Human
vitality:
Energy rich biomolecules get
catabolized in body cells to liberate
chemical form of energy ATP used for
various body activities.
Various biomolecules are

biosynthesized to perform vital
functions of human body.
To maintain normal health
of a human body:
Biomolecules in human
body work
Cooperatively with good
coordination ,Regulation and
Interrelationship.
Roles Of Important Biomolecules
Carbohydrates serves as primary
source of energy.
Lipids serves as secondary source
of energy.
Proteins are structural and
functional units of human body
which are of prime importance and
survival of human beings.
Vitamins: Fat soluble and Water
soluble vitamins have specific functions
which serve as accessory growth
factors.
Minerals: Inorganic elements major

and minor type has important role in
building and functioning of human
bodies.
Enzymes are biomolecules which are
Biocatalysts catalyzes specific
biochemical reactions of metabolic
pathways and considered as functional
units of metabolism.
Hormones the Endocrine substances,

chemical messengers of human body.
They bring good coordination and
regulate enzyme activities of metabolism.
Interrelationships Of Biochemistry
Biochemistry is related to almost every
Subject of Medicine.
It helps in right diagnosing and

treatment of patients
There is relationship of Biochemistry with
Many subjects of MBBS Course.
Physiology
Pathology
Pharmacology
Immunology - Microbiology
Toxicology
Medicine and Allied Subjects
Community Medicine-Nutrition
Genetics
The Scope for
Study and Research
in Biochemistry is
Endless
Principal driving force in
Clinical Biochemistry.
New emerging techniques

and methodologies to study
new Biomarkers
The scope of Biochemistry
is to understand
The functionality of the

living cells, tissues and the
entire living system.
Major causes of diseases
All of the causes listed below act by

influencing the various biochemical
mechanisms in the cell or in the body
1. Physical agents: Mechanical trauma,
extremes of temperature, sudden changes
in atmospheric pressure, radiation, electric
shock.
2. Chemical agents, including drugs:
Certain toxic compounds, therapeutic
drugs, etc.
3. Biologic agents: Viruses, bacteria, fungi,
higher forms of parasites.
4. Oxygen lack: Loss of blood supply,
depletion of the oxygen-carrying capacity of
the blood, poisoning of the oxidative enzymes.
5. Genetic disorders: Congenital, molecular.
6. Immunologic reactions: Anaphylaxis,
autoimmune disease.
7. Nutritional imbalances: Deficiencies,
excesses.
8. Endocrine imbalances: Hormonal
deficiencies, excesses
Diseases and Biochemical Basis
THANK YOU

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INTRODUCTION

Occurring in sub cellular

Clinical Biochemistry-Deals with

Diagnosis, Therapy and

Plant Biochemistry- Deals with Plants.

Animal Biochemistry-Deals with animals.

Industrial Biochemistry-Deals with

The term Biochemistry was first

In the 1940s Clinical Biochemistry

1 Berzilus Enzymes Catalysis

2 Edward Buchner Enzyme Extraction

3 Louis Pasteur Fermentation Process

4 Lohmann Role of Creatine PO4 in

6 Banting and Macleod Insulin

7 Fiske and Subbarow Role of ATPs

8 Watson and Crick Double Stranded

Isolation and Structural

 Study of Inborn Errors of

 Study of Oncogenes in cancer

Various biomolecules are

Minerals: Inorganic elements major

Hormones the Endocrine substances,

It helps in right diagnosing and

New emerging techniques

The functionality of the

All of the causes listed below act by

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