The Carbon Project

Intelligent Transportation Systems And
Autonomous Vehicles
Introduction
Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) technologies include

state-of-the-art wireless, electronic, and automated
technologies. Collectively, these technologies have the
potential to integrate vehicles (transit, trucks, and personal
vehicles), system users, and infrastructure (roads and transit).
Automated in-vehicle technologies include precision docking
for buses, automated guideways, and collision avoidance
systems. Many ITS technologies can help to optimize trips
(route guidance), diminish unnecessary miles traveled,
increase other mode use, reduce time spent in congestion,
reduce dependence on foreign oil, and improve air quality.
Furthermore, when ITS technologies are applied to system
management (transit and highways) and vehicle design, they
can reduce fuel consumption by
● facilitating optimal route planning and timing;
● smoothing accelerations/decelerations and stop-and-go
driving;
● reducing congestion;
● enabling pricing and demand management strategies;
● increasing the attractiveness of public
transportation mode use;
● adjusting vehicle transmission for varying road
conditions and terrain
Future intelligent transportation systems are hard to imagine

without autonomous wheeled vehicles. One important
application is an automated platoon of cars on highways that
can drive autonomously in a virtual train formation.
What is an Autonomous Vehicle?

An autonomous vehicle, or a driverless vehicle, can operate
itself and perform necessary functions without any human
intervention through the ability to sense its surroundings.
An autonomous vehicle utilizes a fully automated driving
system to allow the car to respond to external conditions that
a human driver would manage. Autonomous cars sense the
world with RADAR, LIDAR, GPS, and computer vision
techniques. Advanced control systems interpret the
information to identify appropriate navigation paths and
obstacles and relevant signage. Autonomous vehicles typically
update their maps based on sensory input, such that they can
navigate through uncharted environments.
What are the 6 levels of Autonomous Vehicles?

Autonomous vehicles are essential for intelligent transport
systems and industrial automation.
Autonomous Vehicles are significant factors of Intelligent

Transport Systems (ITS), representing the integration of
information and communication technologies (ICTs). The main
goal of ITS is to achieve a reduction in traffic and pedestrian
fatalities and enhance transport infrastructure systems
through the realization of autonomous driving. Besides ITS,
autonomous vehicles also play an essential role in future
industrial applications such as automated fruit/flower
harvesting, automated forklifts, automatic guided vehicle
(AGV), etc.
Challenges of autonomous vehicle's
networking
Reliability
Safety is a top priority in autonomous vehicles applications,
any interruption of this service is not acceptable, including
networking transmission. If the network were to go down, all
the vision and sensor connections would fail. This could cause
serious safety issues. Thus, it is essential to build a rugged
and reliable networking environment.
Bandwidth and speed

Any lack of bandwidth will result in missing or interrupting
vision data for human-less driving. With all the sensors and
vision systems sending a vast amount of data around the
network, this requires a considerable bandwidth capability,
which is needed to create a seamless imaging system for the
autonomous vehicle; one other parameter also needs to be
considered is the speed of the network.
Power over Ethernet

More and more devices support Power over Ethernet (PoE)
now, including the sensors and cameras installed on
autonomous vehicles. This standardized technology integrates
the Ethernet data transmission and power supply into one
Ethernet cable; this has the following advantages, reduced
cabling, reduced component count, reduced installation time,
and reduced maintenance.
What are the Advantages?

Autonomous vehicle technology may provide certain
advantages compared to human-driven vehicles. One such
potential benefit is providing increased safety on the road –
vehicle crashes cause many deaths every year. Automated
cars could potentially decrease casualties as the software
used in them is likely to make fewer errors than humans. A
decrease in the number of accidents could also reduce traffic
congestion, a further potential advantage posed by
autonomous vehicles. Autonomous driving can also achieve
this by removing human behaviors that cause blockages on
the road, specifically stop-and-go traffic.
Another possible advantage of automated driving is that
people who cannot drive – due to factors like age and
disabilities – could be able to use automatic cars as more
convenient transport systems.
Additional advantages that come with an autonomous car are
eliminating driving fatigue and being able to sleep during
overnight journeys.
Conclusion
This review of the autonomous vehicle and ITS landscape
highlights how automotive business model assumptions –
which have slowly evolved over the last 130 years – have
effectively been turned upside down in the previous ten years.
The autonomous vehicle still has many hurdles to overcome
from a technical, security, standards, and regulatory
perspective. However, consumers' continued willingness to
adopt technologies that make their lives easier bodes well if
autonomous cars arrive earlier than most predict

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Intelligent Transportation Systems And

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) technologies include

Future intelligent transportation systems are hard to imagine

What is an Autonomous Vehicle?

What are the 6 levels of Autonomous Vehicles?

Autonomous Vehicles are significant factors of Intelligent

Bandwidth and speed

Power over Ethernet

What are the Advantages?

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