ART, MEDIA, AND SPORT

GROUP 10
 WHAT IS ART?
ARTS INCLUDE MUSIC, PERFORMANCE ARTS, VISUAL
ARTS, AND STORYTELLING AND LITERATURE (ORAL
AND WRITTEN). THESE MANIFESTATIONS OF HUMAN
CREATIVITY SOMETIMES ARE CALLED EXPRESSIVE
CULTURE.

EXPRESSIVE CULTURE DANCE, MUSIC, PAINTING,

SCULPTURE, POTTERY, CLOTH, STORIES, DRAMA,
COMEDY, ETC.

AESTHETICS INVOLVES “THE QUALITIES PERCEIVED

IN WORKS OF ART THE MIND AND EMOTIONS IN
RELATION TO THE SENSE OF BEAUTY
 ARTS AND RELIGION
ART AND RELIGION ARE CONNECTED
BECAUSE BOTH HELP PEOPLE EXPRESS DEEP
FEELINGS AND BELIEFS ABOUT LIFE AND THE
DIVINE. FOR A LONG TIME, ART HAS BEEN
USED TO SHOW RELIGIOUS IDEAS, STORIES,
AND TRADITIONS. THINGS LIKE PAINTINGS,
SCULPTURES, SONGS, AND BUILDINGS, SUCH
AS CHURCHES OR TEMPLES, ARE MADE TO
INSPIRE FAITH AND BRING PEOPLE CLOSER TO
THEIR BELIEFS.
Art makes religion easier to understand
and feel by turning spiritual ideas into
something people can see, hear, or
 ARTS AND RELIGION
SOME OF THE ISSUES RAISED IN THE
DISCUSSION OF RELIGION ALSO APPLY TO
ART. DEFINITIONS OF BOTH ART AND
RELIGION MENTION THE “MORE THAN
ORDINARY” OR THE “EXTRAORDINARY.”

RELIGIOUS SCHOLARS MAY DISTINGUISH

BETWEEN THE SACRED (RELIGIOUS) AND
THE PROFANE (SECULAR). SIMILARLY, ART
SCHOLARS MAY DISTINGUISH BETWEEN
THE ARTISTIC AND THE ORDINARY.
 LOCATING ART

AESTHETIC VALUE IS ONE WAY OF

DISTINGUISHING ART. ANOTHER WAY IS
TO CONSIDER PLACEMENT. IF SOMETHING
IS DISPLAYED IN A MUSEUM; SOMEONE
MUST THINK IT’S ART. ALTHOUGH TRIBAL
SOCIETIES LACK MUSEUMS, THEY MAY
HAVE SPECIAL AREAS WHERE ARTISTIC
EXPRESSION TAKES PLACE.
 LOCATING ART
THE TIWI OF NORTH
AUSTRALIA, FOR EXAMPLE,
TRADITIONALLY COMMISSIONED
THE MANUFACTURE OF COM-
MEMORATIVE BURIAL POLES
AFTER A DEATH. THE POLE
ARTISTS WERE SEQUESTERED
IN A WORK AREA NEAR THE
GRAVE. THAT AREA WAS
TABOO TO EVERYONE ELSE
 LOCATING ART

THE FRENCH ARTIST KNOWN AS JR

SPECIALIZES IN TRANSFORMING
URBAN SPACE INTO ART. THE IMAGE
SHOWN HERE IS PART OF A LARGE-
SCALE 2008–2009 ART PROJECT,
TITLED “WOMEN ARE HEROES,” IN
RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL
ART AND INDIVIDUALITY
*THOSE WHO WORK WITH NON-WESTERN ART HAVE
BEEN CRITICIZED FOR IGNORING THE INDIVIDUAL
AND FOCUSING TOO MUCH ON THE SOCIAL NATURE
AND CONTEXT OF ART. WHEN ART OBJECTS FROM
AFRICA OR PAPUA NEW GUINEA ARE DISPLAYED IN
MUSEUMS, OFTEN ONLY THE NAME OF THE TRIBE
AND OF THE WESTERN DONOR ARE GIVEN, RATHER
THAN THAT OF THE INDIVIDUAL ARTIST.

NON-WESTERN ART OFTEN INVOLVES COLLECTIVE

PRODUCTION AND COMMUNITY FEEDBACK DURING
CREATION, UNLIKE WESTERN PRACTICES THAT FOCUS
ON INDIVIDUALISM.
 ART AND INDIVIDUALITY

In some cultures, art

Western societies
is created more as a
associate art with
group effort, and
individuality, with
individual work is
iconic artists like
not the main focus.
Picasso seen as
Instead, people work
inseparable from
together or build on
their work.
each other's ideas.
 THE WORK OF ART
THE WORD OPERA COMES FROM OPUS,
MEANING "A WORK," HIGHLIGHTING THAT ART
IS CREATIVE LABOR. IN NONSTATE SOCIETIES,
ARTISTS OFTEN BALANCE ART WITH TASKS LIKE
FARMING OR HUNTING TO SURVIVE.

IN STATE SOCIETIES, ARTISTS ARE SEEN AS

SPECIALISTS, WORKING AS PROFESSIONALS
LIKE MUSICIANS OR WRITERS. SOME SUPPORT
THEMSELVES FULLY THROUGH THEIR ART,
WHILE OTHERS PURSUE IT PART-TIME
ALONGSIDE ANOTHER JOB.
ART, SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
GROUP 10
 ETHNMUSICOLOGY
THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE MUSICS OF THE
WORLD AND OF MUSIC AS AN ASPECT OF CULTURE
AND SOCIETY. THE FIELD OF ETHNOMUSICOLOGY
THUS, UNITES MUSIC AND ANTHROPOLOGY. THE
MUSIC SIDE INVOLVES THE STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF
THE MUSIC ITSELF AND THE INSTRUMENTS USED TO
CREATE IT.
 ART AND
COMMUNICATION
ARTIST AND COMMUNITY OR AUDIENCE.
SOMETIMES, HOWEVER, THERE ARE
INTERMEDIARIES BETWEEN THE ARTIST
AND THE AUDIENCE. ACTORS, FOR
EXAMPLE, TRANSLATE THE WORKS AND
IDEAS OF OTHER ARTISTS (WRITERS
AND DIRECTORS) INTO PERFORMANCES.
ART ALSO FUNCTIONS AS A FORM OF
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN.
 ART AND POLITICS

ART CAN EXPRESS POLITICAL IDEAS,

CHALLENGE AUTHORITY, OR INSPIRE
CHANGE. ARTISTS USE THEIR WORK TO
COMMENT ON SOCIAL ISSUES, CRITICIZE
LEADERS, OR PROMOTE UNITY AND
ACTION. IN THIS WAY, ART BECOMES A
POWERFUL TOOL TO INFLUENCE PEOPLE'S
THOUGHTS AND SPARK DISCUSSIONS
ABOUT POLITICS AND SOCIETY.
 THE CULTURAL TRANSMISSION OF THE
ARTS

-PROCESS OF SHARING AND PASSING DOWN ARTISTIC

KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICES, AND TRADITIONS WITHIN A
CULTURE FROM ONE GENERATION TO ANOTHER. IT ENSURES
THE PRESERVATION AND EVOLUTION OF A CULTURE'S
ARTISTIC HERITAGE THROUGH TEACHING, IMITATION, OR
PARTICIPATION IN CREATIVE ACTIVITIES.

“APPRECIATION OF THE ARTS REFLECTS ONE’S CULTURAL

BACKGROUND”
 THE ARTS GO ON CHANGING, ALTHOUGH
CERTAIN ART FORMS HAVE SURVIVED FOR
THOUSANDS OF YEARS. THE UPPER
PALAEOLITHIC CAVE ART THAT HAS
SURVIVED FOR MORE THAN 30,000 YEARS
CONTINUIT WAS ITSELF A HIGHLY DEVELOPED
MANIFESTATION OF HUMAN CREATIVITY AND
Y AND SYMBOLISM, WITH A LONG EVOLUTIONARY
CHANGE HISTORY.

MONUMENTAL ARCHITECTURE, ALONG WITH

SCULPTURE, ORNAMENTAL POTTERY, AND
WRIT-TEN MUSIC, LITERATURE, AND DRAMA,
HAVE SURVIVED FROM EARLY CIVILIZATIONS
MEDIA AND CULTURE
GROUP 10
 USING THE MEDIA

-Media like television,

-Media and culture
movies, and social
intersect in shaping
media play a key role
contemporary life,
in modern culture,
influenced by work,
bringing people from
communication, and
different backgrounds
technological
together through
advances.
shared experiences.
ASSESSING THE EFFECTS
OF TELEVISION

A RESEARCH IN BRAZIL BY NEWYORK TIMES

REVEALED THAT THERE IS A RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN TELEVISION AND FAMILY SIZES.

MEDIA INFLUENCED THIS BECAUSE THE TELEVISION

PORTRAYS SMALLER NUCLEAR FAMILIES,
INFLUENCING THE VIEWERS STANDARD OF IDEAL
FAMILY SIZE.
 NETWORKING AND
SOCIALBILITY ON
AND OFFLINE
SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES (SNS)

PLATFORMS LIKE FACEBOOK FOSTER

CONNECTIONS BEYOND LOCAL COMMUNITIES
BY ALLOWING PEOPLE TO COMMUNICATE
AND SHARE EXPERIENCES WITH OTHERS
WORLDWIDE. IT HELPS BRIDGE DISTANCES,
ENABLING FRIENDSHIPS, COLLABORATIONS,
AND THE EXCHANGE OF IDEAS ACROSS
CULTURES, MAKING THE WORLD FEEL MORE
CONNECTED THAN EVER BEFORE.
 IMPACT ON
RELATIONSHIPS
SNS ENHANCES TRUST AND SOCIABILITY,
ALLOWING USERS TO MAINTAIN FAMILY
TIES AND
BROADER CONNECTIONS.

U.S. RESEARCH (PEW, 2011): FACEBOOK

USERS
SHOW HIGHER LEVELS OF POLITICAL
ENGAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SUPPORT
COMPARED TO NON-USERS.
 OFFLINE
CONNECTION

MEDIA REINFORCES SOCIAL BONDS

THROUGH
SHARED EXPERIENCES, SUCH AS
WATCHING
FAVORITE PROGRAMS OR
PARTICIPATING IN
GLOBAL EVENTS LIKE THE WORLD
CUP AND NBA.
SPORTS AND CULTURE
GROUP 10
 SPORTS AND
CULTURE
SPORTS AND MEDIA IMPACT
EACH OTHER AND SHOW
WHAT SOCIETY VALUES.
MEDIA AFFECTS HOW
PEOPLE SEE SPORTS, AND
SPORTS CAN CHANGE HOW
PEOPLE THINK ABOUT
CULTURE.
 AMERICAN
FOOTBALL
FALL SATURDAYS ARE
SIGNIFICANT TIME FOR
MILLIONS OF AMERICANS
TO ATTEND FOOTBALL
GAMES. NEARLY HALF OF
THE ADULT POPULATION
OF THE USA WATCHED
FOOTBALL EVEN IN THE
TELEVISION.
 AMERICAN
FOOTBALL
THIS ATTRACTS PEOPLE
FROM DIVERSE
BACKGROUNDS,
ETHNICITIES,
RELIGIONS, POLITICAL
PARTIES, JOBS, SOCIAL
STATUSES, WEALTH
LEVELS, AND GENDERS.
 WHAT DETERMINES
INTERNATIONAL SPORT
SUCCESS
SUCCESS IS NOT ALL ABOUT
RESOURCES BUT ALSO CULTURAL
VALUES HAVE A SIGNIFICANT
IMPACT. FOR EXAMPLE THE USA
HAS A STRONG SPORTS
INFRASTRUCTURE, WHILE BRAZIL
EMPHASIZE TEAMWORK.
 BEING AND DOING
THE FACTORS BELIEVED TO
CONTRIBUTE TO SPORTS SUCCESS
BELONG TO A LARGER CONTEXT OF
CULTURAL VALUES. PARTICULARLY
RELEVANT IS THE CONTRAST
BETWEEN ASCRIBED AND ACHIEVED
STATUS. INDIVIDUALS HAVE LITTLE
CONTROL OVER THEIR ASCRIBED
STATUSES (E.G., AGE, GENDER);
 BEING AND DOING
ON THE OTHER HAND, PEOPLE
HAVE MORE CONTROL OVER
THEIR ACHIEVED STATUSES (E.G.,
STUDENT, GOLFER, TENNIS
PLAYER). AMERICAN CULTURE
EMPHASIZES ACHIEVED OVER
ASCRIBED STATUS: WE ARE
SUPPOSED TO MAKE OF OUR
LIVES WHAT WE WILL AND CAN.
 THE FALL FROM GRACE:
GOLF
AND THE CELEBRITY
SCANDAL
GOLF HAS TRADITIONALLY BEEN DOMINATED BY WHITE
PLAYERS AND WAS THE LAST MAJOR U.S. SPORT TO
DESEGREGATE. AFRICAN AMERICANS WERE OFTEN
LIMITED TO ROLES LIKE CADDIES. TIGER WOODS
STANDS OUT AS A GROUNDBREAKING FIGURE WHO
BROKE RACIAL BARRIERS, BECOMING ONE OF THE
MOST SUCCESSFUL AND ADMIRED GOLFERS IN
AMERICA.

MANY MINORITIES FACE CHALLENGES IN PURSUING

GOLF BECAUSE OF THE SPORT'S HIGH COSTS, WHICH
MAKE ACCESS TO TRAINING AND RESOURCES
DIFFICULT.
 THE FALL FROM GRACE:
GOLF
AND THE CELEBRITY
SCANDAL
CELEBRITIES, INCLUDING ATHLETES LIKE TIGER
WOODS, ARE OFTEN IN THE SPOTLIGHT,
ESPECIALLY DURING PERSONAL SCANDALS. THE
MEDIA TENDS TO HIGHLIGHT BOTH THEIR
SUCCESS AND FAILURES, WITH PERSONAL ISSUES
SOMETIMES OVERSHADOWING THEIR
PROFESSIONAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS.

MANY CELEBRITIES FACE A PUBLIC "RISE AND

FALL" DUE TO SCANDALS BUT MAY LATER
REDEEM THEMSELVES BY MANAGING THEIR
IMAGE AND REGAINING PUBLIC SUPPORT.
 THANK
YOU FOR
LISTENING!