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    Vishnuvardhan Reddy (V C)

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    Vishnu Vardhan Reddy Chejerla

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    Vishnuvardhan Reddy (V C)

    Uploaded by

    Vishnu Vardhan Reddy Chejerla
    2 views13 pages

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    Vishnuvardhan Reddy ( v C)

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    2 views13 pages

    Vishnuvardhan Reddy (V C)

    Uploaded by

    Vishnu Vardhan Reddy Chejerla

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 13

    Vaginal Cancer

    Presented by : Vishnuvardhan Redd


    Group No : 21-07
    What is the vaginal cancer ?

     Vaginal cancer is a rare


    malignancy that arises in the
    tissues of the vagina. It
    accounts for only about 1-2% of
    all gynecological cancers. This
    cancer can affect women of any
    age, but it is more commonly
    diagnosed in older women,
    typically after the age of 60.
    Early detection and treatment
    are crucial for improving
    prognosis.
    Histological Types of Vaginal Cancer

     Vaginal cancer can be classified into several histological types based


    on the type of cells that become malignant. The most common
    histological types include:
     Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
     Adenocarcinoma
     Clear Cell Carcinoma
     Sarcoma: This type, including embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
     Melanoma
     Small Cell Carcinoma
    Risk Factors

     Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection


     Age
     History of Cervical or Endometrial Cancer
     DES Exposure
     Smoking
     Immune suppression
     Vaginal Douching
    TNM Classification of Vaginal
    Cancer
     The TNM system is used to describe the extent of cancer spread and
    helps in staging the disease. It is based on three key factors:
     T (Tumor): Describes the size and extent of the primary tumor.
     T1: The tumor is confined to the vagina.
     T2: The tumor has spread to the paravaginal tissue but not to the pelvic
    wall.
     T3: The tumor has spread to the pelvic wall or the lower urinary tract or
    rectum.
     T4: The tumor has spread to adjacent organs, such as the bladder or
    rectum.
     N (Nodes): Refers to the regional lymph nodes.
     N0: No regional lymph node involvement.
     N1: Regional lymph nodes are involved.
     M (Metastasis): Indicates whether the cancer has spread to distant
    parts of the body.
     M0: No distant metastasis.
     M1: Distant metastasis is present.
    Clinical Symptoms of Vaginal
    Cancer
     Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding: Postmenopausal bleeding or unusual vaginal
    bleeding is the most common symptom.
     Pain During Intercourse: Vaginal cancer may cause pain during sexual
    intercourse (dyspareunia).
     Pelvic Pain: Persistent pelvic pain or pressure may be a sign of advanced
    cancer.
     Vaginal Discharge: A watery, blood-tinged or foul-smelling discharge is
    often reported.
     Urinary or Rectal Symptoms: In advanced stages, vaginal cancer may
    cause urinary or bowel symptoms, such as frequency, pain, or difficulty with
    urination or defecation, due to the involvement of nearby structures.
     Lymphadenopathy: Swollen lymph nodes in the groin area may occur if
    the cancer has spread.
    Clinical Diagnosis

     The diagnosis of vaginal cancer is based on a combination of clinical


    evaluation, imaging studies, and histopathological examination. Steps
    in the diagnostic process include:
     Physical examination
     Colposcopy
     Biopsy
     Imaging
     Cytology
    Treatment of Vaginal Cancer

     Treatment depends on the stage, location, and histological type of the


    cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. Main treatment options
    include:
     Surgical
     Radiotherapy
     Chemotherapy
     Target therapy
    Prevalence and Prognosis

     Vaginal cancer is a relatively rare condition. It is estimated that there


    are approximately 5,000-6,000 new cases of vaginal cancer in the
    United States annually, which accounts for only 1-2% of all
    gynecological cancers. The prognosis for vaginal cancer largely
    depends on the stage at diagnosis:
     Early-stage (Stage I) vaginal cancers have a relatively favorable
    prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 80-90%.
     For advanced-stage (Stage III and IV) cancers, the prognosis is poorer,
    with lower survival rates.

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