UNIT-I

Introduction to Cloud Computing

 Cloud Computing
What is Cloud ?
• The term Cloud refers to a Network or Internet.
• Cloud is something like which is present at
remote location.
• Cloud can provide services over public and
private networks, i.e., WAN, LAN or VPN.
 What is Cloud Computing?
Cloud computing:(noun)
●

–Internet-based computing in which large groups of

remote servers are networked so as to allow sharing
of data-processing tasks, centralized data storage,
and online access to computer services or resources.
–Any computer related task that is done entirely
on the Internet
 What is Cloud Computing?
●
Allows users to deal
with the software
without having the
hardware.
●
Everything is done
by remote, nothing
is saved locally.
What is Cloud Computing?
• Cloud Computing refers to manipulating,
configuring, and accessing the hardware and
software resources remotely.
• It offers online data storage, infrastructure,
and application.
• Cloud computing offers platform
independency, as the software is not required
to be installed locally on the PC.
• Hence, the Cloud Computing is making our
business applications collaborative.
 Cloud Computing

Fig : Cloud Computing Architecture

 How Does Cloud Computing Work?
• To understand the workings of a cloud system, it is easier
to divide it into two sections: the front end and the back
end.
• They are connected to each other through a network,
usually the Internet.
• The front end is the side of the computer user or client.
The front end consists of the client’s computer or
computer network. Also the application essential to
access the cloud system.
• The back end is ‘the cloud’ section of the system. On the
back end of the cloud technology system, there are
various computers, servers and data storage systems
that make up the cloud.
Definition of Cloud Computing
• Cloud Computing is a model for enabling
ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network
access to a shared pool of configurable
computing resources that can be rapidly
provisioned and released with minimal
management effort or service provider
interaction. [NIST]
 Cloud Computing
Characteristics of Cloud Computing
• On-demand self-service.
– A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities such
as server time and network storage as needed automatically,
without requiring human interaction with a service provider.
• Broad network access.
– Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through
standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or
thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs) as
well as other traditional or cloud based software services.
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
• Resource pooling.
– The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple
consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and
virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according
to consumer demand.
• Rapid elasticity.
– Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned.Cloud
resources can be rapidly scaled up or down based on demand.
– There are two types of scaling options :
1. Horizontal scaling(scaling out): Horizontal scaling or scale-out
involves launching and provisioning server resources.
2. Vertical Scaling(scaling up) : Vertical scaling or scaling up
involves changing the computing capacity assigned to the server
resources while keeping the number of server resources constant.
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
• Measured service.
– Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource usage
by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction
appropriate to the type of service.
– Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported -
providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the
service.
• Performance
— Cloud Computing provides improved performance for
applications
since the resources available to the applications can be scaled up
or down based on the dynamic application workloads.
• Reduced Costs
— Cloud computing provides cost benefits for applications as only as
much computing and storage resources as required can be
provisioned dynamically, and upfront investment in purchase of
computing assets to cover worst case requirements is avoid.
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
• Outsourced Management
— Cloud Computing allows the users to out source the IT
infrastructure requirements to external cloud providers.
— The outsourced nature of the cloud services provides a reduction in
the IT infrastructure management costs.
• Reliability
—Applications deployed in cloud computing environments generally
have a higher reliability since the underlying IT infrastructure is
professionally managed by the cloud service.
—Cloud service providers specify and guarantee the reliability of
cloud in the form of SLA’s.
—Most cloud providers promise 99.99% uptime guarantee for the
cloud resources, which may often be expensive to achieve with in-
house IT infrastructure.
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
• Multi-tenancy
— The multi-tenanted approach of the cloud allows multiple users to
make use of the same shared resources.
— Modern applications like e-commerce, Business-to-Business, Banking
and Financial, Retail and Social Networking applications that are
deployed in cloud computing environment are multi-tenanted
applications.
— There are two forms of Multi-tenancy
1. Virtual Multi-tenancy : In this Computing and storage resources are
shared among multiple users. Multiple tenants are served from virtual
machines that execute concurrently on top of the same computing and
storage resources.
2. Organic Multi-tenancy : In organic multitenancy every component
in the system architecture is shared among multiple tenants, including
hardware.
 Cloud Models
Cloud Service Models
• NIST categorized into three basic service models which are -
– Infrastructure-as–a-Service (IaaS)
– Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
– Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
Infrastructure-as–a-Service (IaaS)
• It is the most basic level of service.
• IaaS provides access to fundamental resources such as physical
machines, virtual machines, virtual storage, etc.
Ex : Amazon s3 (Amazon Simple Storage Service)
Platform-as-a-service (Paas)
• PaaS provides the runtime environment for applications, development
and deployment tools, etc.
Ex : Google App Engine .
 Cloud Models
Software-as-a-service (Saas)
• SaaS model allows to use software applications as a service to end-
users. Ex : Facebook ,twiter etc .

Fig : Cloud Computing Service Models

 Cloud Models
• NIST also defines four cloud deployment models as follows :
1. Public Cloud
2. Private Cloud
3. Hybrid Cloud
4. Community Cloud
1. Public Cloud
• In this cloud service are available to the general public or a large
group of companies .
• Cloud resources are shared among different users.
• The cloud services are provided by a third party cloud provider.
• It suits for users who want to use cloud infrastructure for development
and testing of applications and host applications in the cloud to serve
large workloads, without upfront investment in IT infrastructure.
 Cloud Models
2. Private Cloud
• In the private cloud deployment model , cloud
infrastructure is operated for exclusive us of a
single organization.
• Cloud infrastructure can be setup on premise or
off-premise and may be managed internally or by
a third-party.
• Private clouds are best suited for applications
where security is very important and
organizations that want to have very tight control
over their data.
 Cloud Models
3. Hybrid Cloud
• It combines the features of both public and private
clouds.
• The individual cloud retain their unique identities
but are bound by standardized or proprietary
technology that enables data and application
portability.
• Hybrid clouds are best suited for organizations that
want to take advantage of secured application and
data hosting on a private cloud and at the same
time cost saving by hosting applications and data in
public clouds.
 Cloud Models
4. Community Cloud
• In this the cloud services are shared by several
organizations that have the same policy and compliance
considerations.
• These are best suited for organizations that want access to
the same applications and data and want the cloud costs to
be shared with the large group.

Fig : Cloud Deployment models

 Cloud Services Examples
IaaS :
Amazon EC2
• Amazon Elastic compute cloud is an Infrastructure as a Service
offering from amazon.
• It is a web service that provides computing capacity in the form of
virtual machines that are launched in Amazon cloud environment.
• It allows users to launch instances on demand using a simple web-
based interface.
• Amazon provides pre-configured Amazon Machine Images(AMI)
which are templates of cloud instances.
• Users can also create their own AMIs with custom Applications ,
Libraries and data.
• Users can load their applications on running instances and rapidly and
easily increase or decrease capacity to meet the dynamic application
performance requirements.
Cloud Services Examples

Fig : Amazon EC2 Dashboard

 Cloud Services Examples
• Amazon EC2 provides a number of features for building scalable and
reliable applications such as auto scaling and elastic load balancing.

Google Compute Engine

• Google Compute Engine (GCE) is an IaaS offering from google.
• GCE provides virtual machines of various computing capacities
ranging from small instances to high memory machine types.

Windows Azure VM’s

• It is an IaaS offering from microsoft.
• Azure VMs provides virtual machines of various computing
capabilities from small instances to memory intensive machine types.
 Cloud Services Examples

Fig : Google Compute Engine Dashboard

 Cloud Services Examples

Fig : Windows Azure VM dashboard

 Cloud Services Examples
PaaS:
Google App engine
• It is a platform-as-a-service offering from google.
• GAE is a cloud-based web service for hosting web applications and
storing data.
• GAE allows users to build scalable and reliable applications that run
on the same system that power Google’s own applications.
• GAE provides sdk for developing web applications software that can
be deployed on GAE.
• GAE supports applications written in several programming languages
like java and python.
• The pricing model for GAE is based on the amount of computing
resources used.
Cloud Services Examples

Fig : Google App Engine

 Cloud Services Examples
SaaS :
Sales force
• Sales force is a cloud based customer relationship management SaaS
offering.
• Users can access CRM application from anywhere through internet-
enabled devices such as workstations , laptops, tablets and smart
phones.
• It allows sales representatives to manages customer profiles, track
opportunities, optimize campaigns from lead to close and monitor the
impact of campaigns.
Cloud Services Examples

Fig : Sales force dash board

 Cloud Computing
Benefits of Cloud Model
• Reduce spending on technology infrastructure : Maintain easy
access to your information with minimal upfront spending. Pay as you
go (weekly, quarterly or yearly), based on demand.
• Globalize your workforce on the cheap : People worldwide can
access the cloud, provided they have an Internet connection.
• Streamline processes : Get more work done in less time with less
people.
• Reduce capital costs : There’s no need to spend big money on
hardware, software or licensing fees.
• Improve accessibility. You have access anytime, anywhere, making
your life so much easier!
• Monitor projects more effectively. Stay within budget and ahead of
completion cycle times.
 Cloud Computing
• Minimize licensing new software : Stretch and grow without the
need to buy expensive software licenses or programs.
• Improve flexibility : You can change direction without serious
“people” or “financial” issues at stake.

Limitations of Cloud Model

• Large model sizes
• Specialized IT expertise
• Different applications/ software
• Application support for Cloud technologies
 Cloud-based Services and Applications
1.Healthcare
 Cloud-based Services and Applications
2.Energy Systems
 Cloud-based Services and Applications
3.Transportation System
 Cloud-based Services and Applications
4.Manufacturing Industry
 Cloud-based Services and Applications
5. Government
 Cloud-based Services and Applications
6. Education
 Cloud-based Services and Applications
7. a. Mobile Communication
 Cloud-based Services and Applications
7.b. Mobile Communication