DRESSING

AND
BANDAGES
DRESSING
A dressing is a piece of sterile
cloth that covers a wound to
prevent infection and/or to stop
bleeding.
TRADITIONAL WOUND DRESSINGS
TECHNIQUES IN APPLYING A DRESSING
• Wash hands and wear gloves, if possible.
• Unwrap the dressing as close to the wound as possible. Be sure not
to touch the wound.
• Skin is not sterile. If the dressing slips over the victim’s skin while
you are trying to position it, discard and use a fresh one.
• Place the dressing over the wound.
• Use a dressing that is large enough to extend at least 1 inch
beyond the edges of the wound.
• If body tissue or organs are exposed, cover the wound with a
dressing that will stick.
 COMPRESS
COLD COMPRESS HOT COMPRESS
• is used to reduce • is also used to allow
swelling and relieve normal blood
pain, especially used circulation. Cold and
for sprains and hot compress are
strains. Cold packs applied alternately
can be used as cold for closed wounds or
compress. contusions.
 BANDAGES
- are used to apply pressure to bleeding; for covering wounds
and burns; and providing support for immobilization for broken
bones, sprains and strains.
THREE MAIN TYPES OF BANDAGES

Triangular Ace bandage Tubular bandage

• secures dressings • is used to support
Bandage
in place. joints or hold
• is made from cloth
dressings in place.
andcan be used as
Smaller tubular
cold compress,
bandage is used for
padding, support for
TRIANGULAR BANDAGE
ACE BANDAGE
TUBULAR
BANDAGE
PARTS OF TRIANGULAR BANDAGES
 TWO PHASES OF BANDAGING
A. An open phase bandaging
is used for wounds on top
and back of the head, chest,
back, hand, and foot, and as
arm sling.

A cravat phase bandaging is used

for wounds that need extra support
like wound on the eye, forehead,
ear, cheek, jaw, shoulder, hip, arm,
leg,elbow, knee, and palm and for a
sprained ankle. The narrower the
 TECHNIQUES
1. Keep in mind the following:
IN BANDAGING
a. Always use a square knot.
b. Keep the cloth sterile to avoid infection.
c. Always keep the ends.
2. Bandaging technique depends upon the size and location of the wound,
your first aid skills, and materials at hand.
3. Bandage firmly over bleeding and securely over the broken bone, not so
tight so as not to cut of blood circulation.
4. When wrapping bandages around the body, such as knees, ankles,
neck,and small back , use its natural hollows to slide the bandage gently
intoplace.
5. Since most injuries swell, check regularly to ensure that the bandage is
still comfortable and that it remains firmly secured.
6. Secure the bandage with a tape, clips or a bow or square knot. Ensure
HOW TO DO A SQUARE
KNOT
 WOUNDS
A wound is a break in the continuity of a tissue in the
body. It may be closed in which there is no break or
damage in the skin. It is also called hematoma or
contusions. A wound may also be an open wound in which
there is a break in the Kind
skin. of Wounds
1. Puncture is a piercing wound caused by nails,
needles and other pointed objects
2. Abrasion is caused by rubbing or scraping the skin
against a rough surface.
3. Incision is a cut caused by knife, broken glass or
any sharp object.4. Laceration is a blunt breaking or
tearing of soft tissues usually resulting from
mishandling tools and other accidents.
5. Avulsion is a forcible tearing or partial tearing away
KIND OF WOUNDS
 HOW TO MANAGE WOUNDS
A. For management of hematoma, we use the mnemonic
RICE:
1. Resting the injured part
2. Ice application
3. Compression
4. Elevation
B. First Aid for Open Wounds with Severe Bleeding
1. Wear gloves and remove or cut clothing as
necessary to expose wound.
2. Control bleeding by applying direct pressure.
3. Elevate the injured part above the heart except
for eye injury and wounds with embedded object.
4. Cover wound with sterile dressing and bandage.
5. Care for shock.
ACTIVITY TIME
CARRYING AND TRANSPORTING AN INJURED
PERSON
Transporting an injured person to a
safer place requires great care. A first
aider must undergo proper training.
When doing this, a first aider must
consider the following factors:
a. Weight and height of the victim
b. Status of the victim (conscious or
unconscious)
c. Environment (safe, floor is
ONE- MAN TRANSPORT
ONE- MAN TRANSPORT
Fireman’s Carry
– the easiest way to transport a light and
smaller victim
Piggy Back
– when the victim is conscious
Pack Strap Carry
- when the victim is smaller than the rst aider
Shoulder Drag
– used when the oor is smooth, short
distance transport
Fireman’s Drag or Tied-hands Crawl
– used when rst aider and victim
must crawl underneath a low structure
Blanket Drag
– used when the victim is seriously injured and
TWO-MAN CARRY
THREE OR MORE -MAN TRANSPORT
Hammock Carry
– when there are three first
aiders
Bearer Alongside Carry
– carriers will stay on the
uninjured side of the victim
Six Man Lift and Carry
– when there are six rst
aiders
First Aid for Common
Unintentional Injuries
Prepared by: Clarisse U.
Legay0
 Fracture
A break or crack in a bone.
OPEN FRACTURE-pierces the skin
surface
CLOSED FRACTURE- THE SKIN
ABOVE IS INTACT
1.Check for vital signs.
2.Dont move the injured
part
3.stop bleeding if there is
any.
4.If you have to move the
person, immobilize the
broken part by splinting
5.Seek medical help
DISLOCATION
PARTIAL OR COMPLETE
DISPLACEMENT OF THE BONES
1.Call for help
immediately
2.2. Splint the affected
part
3.Dont try to move a
dislocated part or force
it back in place
4.Apply ice on the injured
part to reduce swelling
1.Rest the injured part
2.Apply ice
3.Compress the injured
part
4.Elevate the injured part
HEAT EXHAUSTION
CAUSED BY LOSS OF SALT AND
WATER DUE TO EXCESSIVELY
HIGH TEMPERATURE. THIS MAY
LEAD TO HEATSTROKE AND EVEN
DEATH
1.Transport a victim to a
cool place
2.Give him/her plenty of
water
3.Check for Vital sign
4.Seek medical help
FOOD POISONING
CAUSED BY CONSUMING FOOD
OR DRINK THAT IS
CONTAMINATED WITH BACTERIA
OR VIRUSES
1.Help the person to lie
down and rest
2.Give him/her plenty of
flavorless fluids to
drink and bowl to use if
he vomits
3.Call for medical help if
the condition worsens.
 CHOKING
RESULTS WHEN A FOREIGN
OBJECT BLOCKS THE THROAT.
1.Ask the person if he is choking
2.Encourage him/her to cough
3.When the person cannot speak
or stops coughing,give him five
back blows.Stand behind him
and help them lean
forward.support his chest with
one hand and give five sharp
blows between the shoulder
blades with the heel of your
hand
4. If back blows fail, try
abdominal thrusts.Stand behind
the person and put your arms
around the upper part of his
abdomen.Clench your fist with
thumbs inward,place it between
navel and the bottom of
breastbone.Grasp your fist with
your other hand.Pull sharply
inwards and upwards up to five
times
5. Check his mouth if
obstruction is not cleared,
repeat the back blows and
abdominal thrust
6. If obstruction still has not
cleared, call for an ambulance.
continue until help arrives.
 DROWNING
HAPPENS WHEN AIR CANNOT
GET INTO THE LUNGS BECAUSE
OF WATER. IT CAN CAUSE
IMMEDIATE DEATH WHEN TAKEN
FOR GRANTED
1.lAY THE PERSON DOWN ON
HIS/HER BACK
2.Check breathing and open the
airway
3.Give rescue breaths and chest
compression if necessary
4.If the person is breathing,
place him/her in the recovery
position
5.Treat the hypothermia by
removing wet clothing and
covering him/her with a dry
blanket.
HEART ATTACK
CAUSED BY SUDDEN
OBSTRUCTION OF BLOOD SUPPLY
TO THE PART OF THE HEART
MUSCLES
1.Help the person sit or lie with
head elevated
2.call for medical help
3.If the person is conscious, give
him/her a full-dose aspirin and
advise him/her to chew it slowly
4.Constantly monitor the vital
signs. Be prepared to give
rescue breaths and chest
compression
CHEMICAL BURNS
MAY OCCUR WHEN ELECTRICITY
PASSES THROUGH THE BODY.
1.Make sure that contact with the
electrical source is broken
2.Flood the sites of injury at the
entry and exit points of the
current with plenty of cold water
3.Wear disposable gloves and
place a sterile dressing or a
bandage over the burn to
protect it from airborne infection
4.Call for medical help
5.Reassure the victim and treat
for shock
 BURNS
ARE OFTEN DUE TO DOMESTIC
INCIDENTS SUCH AS TOUCHING A
HOT IRON, FRICTION(ROPE BURN)
OR SPILLING BOILING WATER ON
THE SKIN
1.For minor burns, flood the
injured area with cold water for
at least how long to stop
burning and relieve pain
2.Put on gloves and cover the
area with sterile non-adhesive
dressing or bandage
3.For severe burns, help the
person to lie down and prevent
the burnt area from coming into
contact with the ground. Douse
the burn with plenty of cold
liquid
4. Seek for medical assistance.
Dont delay medical help
5. Wear disposable gloves and
gently remove any rings,
watches, belts, shoes or
smouldering clothing before
the tissue begin to swell
6. Carefully remove any burnt
clothing, unless it is sticking to
the skin. Cover the burnt area
with non-adhesive dressing or
bandage
6. Continue to monitor vital
signs
7. Reassure casualty and treat
for shock
HEAT STROKE
CAUSED BY A FAILURE OF
“THERMOSTAT” IN THE BRAIN TO
REGULATE BODY TEMPERATURE.
1. Move the person
immediately to a cool place
2. Remove as much of his
outer clothing as possible
3. call for medical help
4. Wrap the person in a cold,
wet sheet and keep the sheet
wet until his temperature
drops to 38C or 37.5 c under
the tongue or armpit
respectively
5. If the person has returned
to normal temperature,
replace wet sheet with a dry
one
6. Monitor vital signs until help
arrives
7. If temperature rises, repeat
cooling process
 STROKE
A CONDITION IN WHICH THE
BLOOD SUPPLY TO A PART OF THE
BRAIN IS SUDDENLY AND
SERIOUSLY IMPAIRED BY A BLOOD
CLOT OR RUPTURED BLOOD
1.If the person is conscious, help
him lie down with his head and
shoulders slightly raised and
supported
2.Incline his head to the affected
side and place a towel on his
shoulder to absorb any dribbling
3.Call for help
4.Loosen any tight clothing
5. Monitor vital signs and
reassure the victim
6. If the victim is
unconscious, give rescue
breathing and chest
compression
7. Call for an ambulance or
call for help.
THANK
YOU